Modification of Ergun equation for application in trickle bed reactors randomly packed with trilobe particles using computational fluid dynamics technique

Mahmood Bazmi,Seyed Hassan Hashemabadi,Mahmood Bayat 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.6

Based on a slit model, a pellet scale model has been developed for calculation of drag force imposed on trilobe catalyst particles in a packed bed reactor. The drag coefficient for single gas phase flow in a porous media has been calculated by CFD simulation and the results compared to the Ergun equation. The results show that the drag coefficient predicted by Ergun equation should be modified for various bed porosities, particle aspect ratio and gas densities. Therefore, a correction factor has been proposed to correct the Ergun equation constants in various conditions for trilobe particles. Comparison between the proposed corrected Ergun equation results and experimental data indicates considerable agreement.

End of Life Issues in Cancer Cases: Ethical Aspects

Taghavi, Afsoon,Hashemi-Bahremani, Mohammad,Hosseini, Leili,Bazmi, Shabnam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

This article investigates ethical challenges cancer patients face in the end stages of life including doctors' responsibilities, patients' rights, unexpected desires of patients and their relatives, futile treatments, and communication with patients in end stages of life. These patients are taken care of through palliative rather than curative measures. In many cases, patients in the last days of life ask their physician to terminate their illness via euthanasia which has many ethical considerations. Proponents of such mercy killing (euthanasia) believe that if the patient desires, the physician must end the life, while opponents of this issue, consider it as an act of murder incompatible with the spirit of medical sciences. The related arguments presented in this paper and other ethical issues these patients face and possible solutions for dealing with them have been proposed. It should be mentioned that this paper is more human rational and empirical and the views of the legislator are not included, though in many cases human intellectual and empirical comments are compatible with those of the legislator.

Innovative method to prepare a stable emulsion liquid membrane for high CO₂ absorption and its performance evaluation for a natural gas feed in a rotating disk contactor

Bhatti, Inamullah,Qureshi, Khadija,Kamarudin, Khairul Sozana Nor,Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed,Bhutto, Abdul Waheed,Ahmad, Faizan,Lee, Moonyong Elsevier 2016 Journal of natural gas science and engineering Vol.34 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents an innovative method to prepare a stable emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) for high CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption in a natural gas feed. This new method achieved high throughput at low power consumption. The ELM prepared using this new method was characterized by determining the effects of the concentration of the ELM constituents, emulsification time, and speed on the emulsion droplet size (EDS) and stability. This was followed by a parametric study of the process parameters for CO<SUB>2</SUB> separation from natural gas in a rotating disk contactor (RDC)-based setup to evaluate the performance of a stable ELM. The results suggest that the retention time of the stable ELM in a RDC increases with increasing amount of absorbed CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The results support the fundamental development of the ELM process to achieve a high overall separation efficiency of CO<SUB>2</SUB> removal from natural gas with a relatively small contact time. This is the first parametric study of CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption from a gas stream in ELM using a RDC as the contracting equipment. The results of the parametric study suggested that the factors of time, TEA concentration and RDC speed have significant effect on the CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption from natural gas feed. It was identified that 4% TEA in ELM, 30 min operational time and 700 rpm speed of modified RDC system is suitable for maximum CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption from gas mixture of CO<SUB>2</SUB>/CH<SUB>4</SUB>. Furthermore, the study suggested that the ELM containing 4% TEA can absorb 5.6 kmol/m<SUP>3</SUP> CO<SUB>2</SUB>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Preparation and characterization of stable emulsion liquid membrane (ELM). </LI> <LI> Parametric study of CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption from natural gas in rotating disk contactor (RDC). </LI> <LI> Retention time of the stable ELM increases with increasing amount of absorbed CO<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Fundamental development of ELM process for high overall separation efficiency. </LI> </UL> </P>

An overview of the role of ionic liquids in biodiesel reactions

Nawshad Muhammad,Yasir A. Elsheikh,Muhammad Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib,Zakaria Man,Ihsnullah khan,Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi,Rahmat Ali Khan,Hidayatullah Khan,Sikander Rafiq 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

The concerns on the depleting petroleum resources and increasing environmental problems have driventhe scientific community worldwide to develop large-scale non-petroleum-based alternative fuels, suchas bioethanol and biodiesel. Biodiesel produced through the transesterification of vegetable oils oranimal fats are highly attractive. On the other hand, ionic liquids which possess properties that aremoreenvironmental friendly have found significant applications as solvents and catalysts for reaction andseparation. It is also beginning to find its way in many of the chemical process applications and hasattracted significant attention including biodiesel production. This paper provides a brief overview onthe feasibility of applying ionic liquids in biodiesel production for the purpose of powering diesel enginesfor transportation and utility generation. The potential of applying ionic liquids as catalyst and solventfor enzymatic production of biodiesel from feedstock is particularly highlighted.

Membrane separation processes for dehydration of bioethanol from fermentation broths: Recent developments, challenges, and prospects

Khalid, Azqa,Aslam, Muhammad,Qyyum, Muhammad Abdul,Faisal, Abrar,Khan, Asim Laeeq,Ahmed, Faisal,Lee, Moonyong,Kim, Jeonghwan,Jang, Nulee,Chang, In Seop,Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed,Yasin, Muhammad Elsevier 2019 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.105 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bioethanol has garnered a great interest as a potential energy source, mainly due to its sustainable and green nature. Generally, bioethanol is produced through the microbial conversion of biomass and biomass derived syngas. However, the dehydration and purification steps for achieving fuel-grade ethanol from the microbial production process consume tremendous amounts of energy. This high energy consumption limits the feasibility of microbial ethanol production on the commercial scale. In this context, selection of an optimal technology for product separation is essential for successful commercialization of microbially produced bioethanol. This article presents the recent developments in dehydration and purification technologies for bioethanol production using distillation and membrane based separation. Distillation and pervaporation are analyzed on the basis of the overall energy requirement, consumption, and economics. Pervaporation-assisted distillation approaches are also examined from the perspective of process systems engineering, including factors affecting the system performance. Furthermore, the role of simulation in technological development along with available mathematical models is discussed, and commercial status of pervaporation based separation is presented. Finally, the current status of the existing technology, challenges, and future research directions are identified from the perspective of achieving process sustainability on the industrial scale. Economic comparison between distillation and different hybrid schemes revealed that integrating distillation with membrane based separation techniques reduce the bioethanol production cost. Moreover, hybrid schemes that combine distillation with pervaporation, and steam stripping with vapor permeation are proved to be the best combinations for the cheapest bioethanol production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recent developments in dehydration of bioethanol are presented. </LI> <LI> Conventional and membrane-based technologies are compared. </LI> <LI> Integrating pervaporation with distillation reduce the bioethanol production cost. </LI> <LI> The most economical hybrid schemes for bioethanol separation is identified. </LI> <LI> Operational optimization and thermodynamic evaluation of hybrid processes are required. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Targeting of BUB1b Gene Expression in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsies of Invasive Breast Cancer in Iranian Female Patients

Mansouri, Neda,Movafagh, Abolfazl,Sayad, Arezou,Pour, Atefeh Heidary,Taheri, Mohammad,Soleimani, Shahrzad,Mirzaei, Hamid Reza,Shargh, Shohreh Alizadeh,Azargashb, Eznollah,Bazmi, Haleh,Moradi, Hossein Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

Detection of micrometastasis in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) is a very useful tool for appropriate assessment of the clinical stage of disease in breast cancer patients. Early identification of clinically relevant disease could lead to early treatment or staging approaches for breast cancer patient. Micrometastases in SLNs of women with invasive breast cancer are of great significance in this context. In this study we examined SLN biopsies considered to have small numbers of cancerous cells by real time RT-PCR. All of the samples underwent immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin for confirmation of the presence or absence of micrometastases. BUB1b expression assay of selected patients with and without metastasis showed overexpression in the former, but not in normal breast and lymph node tissue. Our results may be taken into account in the discussion about the merits of routine use of molecular assessment in pathogenetic studies of SLNs.