Sunthorn phu : a Thai Poet Laureate and a Major World Poet

Sathian Paenluea 한국태국학회 2009 한국태국학회논총 Vol.15 No.2

Statistical Modelling and Forecasting of Cervix Cancer Cases in Radiation Oncology Treatment: A Hospital Based Study from Western Nepal

Sathian, Brijesh,Fazil, Abul,Sreedharan, Jayadevan,Pant, Sadip,Kakria, Anjali,Sharan, Krishna,Rajesh, E.,Vishrutha, K.V.,Shetty, Soumya B.,Shahnavaz, Shameema,Rao, Jyothi H.,Marakala, Vijaya Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Background: To estimate the numbers and trends in cervix cancer cases visiting the Radiotherapy Department at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, statistical modelling from retrospective data was applied. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on data for a total of 159 patients treated for cervix cancer at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, between $28^{th}$ September 2000 and $31^{st}$ December 2008. Theoretical statistics were used for statistical modelling and forecasting. Results: Using curve fitting method, Linear, Logarithmic, Inverse, Quadratic, Cubic, Compound, Power and Exponential growth models were validated. Including the constant term, none of the models fit the data well. Excluding the constant term, the cubic model demonstrated the best fit, with $R^2$=0.871 (p=0.004). In 2008, the observed and estimated numbers of cases were same (12). According to our model, 273 patients with cervical cancer are expected to visit the hospital in 2015. Conclusions: Our data predict a significant increase in cervical cancer cases in this region in the near future. This observation suggests the need for more focus and resource allocation on cervical cancer screening and treatment.

Awareness of Breast Cancer Warning Signs and Screening Methods among Female Residents of Pokhara Valley, Nepal

Sathian, Brijesh,Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina,Banerjee, Indrajit,Sreedharan, Jayadevan,De, Asis,Roy, Bedanta,Rajesh, Elayedath,Senthilkumaran, Subramanian,Hussain, Syed Ather,Menezes, Ritesh George Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequent cancer among women. Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of breast cancer warning signs and screening methods among the women of Pokhara valley, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a community setting with the female population. The questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants. Results: Nepalese women demonstrated poor awareness of warning signs like a breast lump, lump under the armpit, bleeding or discharge from the nipple, pulling of the nipple, changes in the position of the nipple, nipple rash, redness of the breast skin, changes in the size of the breast or nipple, changes in the shape of the breast or nipple, pain in the breast or armpit, and dimpling of the breast skin. While 100% of nurses were aware about breast self-examination(BSE), mammography and warning signs of breast cancer. Levels of knowledge were significantly poorer in women with other occupations. Graduates were more aware about BSE, mammogram and warning signs of breast cancer compared to those with other educational levels. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the level of awareness of breast cancer, including knowledge of warning signs and BSE, is sub-optimal among Nepalese women.

Textile dye wastewater treatment using coriolus versicolor

Sathian, S.,Radha, G.,Priya, V. Shanmuga,Rajasimman, M.,Karthikeyan, C. Techno-Press 2012 Advances in environmental research Vol.1 No.2

Decolourization potential of white rot fungal organism, coriolus versicolor, was investigated in a batch reactor, for textile dye industry wastewater. The influence of process parameters like pH, temperature, agitation speed and dye wastewater concentration on the decolourization of textile dye wastewater was examined by using Response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum decolourization was attained at: pH- 6.8, temperature - $27.9^{\circ}C$, agitation speed - 160 rpm and dye wastewater concentration - 1:2. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results it was found that, the linear effect of agitation speed and dye wastewater concentration were significant for the decolourization of textile dye wastewater. At these optimized condition, the maximum decolourization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was found to be 64.4% and 79.8% respectively. Various external carbon sources were tried to enhance the decolourization of textile dye wastewater. It was observed that the addition of carbon source enhances the decolourization of textile dye wastewater. Kinetics of textile dye degradation process was studied by first order and diffusional model. From the results it was found that the degradation follows first order model with $R^2$ value of 0.9430.

Approaches to Southeast Asian Studies: Beyond the “Comfort Zone”

Mala Rajo Sathian 부산외국어대학교 아세안연구원 2015 Suvannabhumi Vol.7 No.1

Over the last decade, the field of Southeast Asian Studies has been inundated with issues of its “territory” (or the definition of what comprises Southeast Asia), relevance and future. The methodology of approaching Southeast Asian Studies has also come under constant scrutiny providing much fodder for debate. One significant suggestion was that the field of Southeast Asian Studies should “break out of the comfort zone” (Van Schendel, Bijdragen, 2012:168(4)). This paper will explore some of the ways of approaching Southeast Asian Studies beyond that comfort zone by examining other/alternative units of studying Southeast Asia in place of the traditional (or statist) perspectives that tend to confine the field within the scope of the national/ nation-state boundaries. The paper will also provide some personal observations of the author on the current state and limitations to teaching and researching Southeast Asian Studies in the region.

Ability of Biochemical Parameters to Distinguish between Bile Duct Cancer and Gall Bladder Stones

( Shambhu Kumar Yadav ),( Brijesh Sathian ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The present study was designed to comparatively assess alteration of biochemical parameters in bile duct cancer and gall stone disease. Methods: A hospital based case-control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2015. The variables collected were age, gender, serum total cholesterol, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, serum alkaline phosphatase, albumin and hemoglobin. One way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical significance of differences between groups. A post-hoc LSD test was applied for the comparison of means of control versus case groups. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was considered significant. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 53.2±21.2 years. The levels of serum cholesterol were higher in cases of cancer 192.5±21.5 mg/dl in comparison to stone cases 168.7±16.1 mg/dl (p value: 0.0001). The total bilirubin showed the marked difference in cases of cancer 7.6±3.2 mg/dl in comparison to stone cases 2.5±0.8 mg/dl of bile duct. There was discernible divergence in values of alkaline phosphatase in cases of cancer 251.5±20.1 IU/l when compared to stone cases 173.2±12.6 IU/l of bile duct. In contrast, there was no apparent deviation in values of aspartate transaminases and alanine transaminases in cases of cancer 59.1±8.9 IU/l and 105.5±26.5 IU/l when compared to stone cases 56.9±7.9 IU/l and 84.5±13.5 IU/l respectively. Conclusions: LFT analysis for pre-operative assessment was a good predictive marker in setting apart bile duct cancer and gall bladder stone.

Role of Hyperinsulinemia in Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case Control Study from Kathmandu Valley

Pandeya, Dipendra Raj,Mittal, Ankush,Sathian, Brijesh,Bhatta, Bibek Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Aim: To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on prostate cancer risk. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of a tertiary care hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal between $31^{st}$ December, 2011 and $31^{st}$ October, 2013. The variables collected were age, serum cholesterol, serum calcium, PSA, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin. Analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results: Of the total 125 subjects enrolled in our present study, 25 cases were of PCa and 100 were healthy controls. The mean value of fasting plasma glucose was 95.5 mg/dl in cases of prostatic carcinoma and the mean value of fasting plasma insulin was $5.78{\mu}U/ml$ (p value: 0.0001*). The fasting insulin levels ${\mu}U/ml$ were categorized into the different ranges starting from ${\leq}2.75$, >2.75 to ${\leq}4.10$, >4.10 to ${\leq}6.10$, > $6.10{\mu}U/ml$. The maximum number of cases of prostatic carcinoma of fasting insulin levels falls in range of > $6.10{\mu}U/ml$. The highest insulin levels (> $6.10{\mu}U/ml$) were seen to be associated with an 2.55 fold risk of prostatic carcinoma when compared with fasting insulin levels of (< $2.75{\mu}U/ml$). Conclusions: Elevated fasting levels of serum insulin appear to be associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer.

Significance of HCG to Distinguish Parathyroid Carcinoma from Benign Disease and in Adding Prognostic Information: A Hospital Based Study from Nepal

Gupta, Satrudhan Pd.,Mittal, Ankush,Sathian, Brijesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Objective: To differentiate between benign and malignant hyperparathyroidism on the basis of excretion of HCG and its malignant isoforms in urine. Materials and Methods: This hospital based study was carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in Manipal Teaching Hospital from $1^{st}$ January, 2008 and $31^{st}$ August, 2012. The variables collected were urinary HCG and HCG malignant isoform, calcium and parathyroid hormone. Preceding the study, approval was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Analysis was by descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance. Results: Out of the 20 cases, 10 were primary hyperparathyroidism and the remainder were parathyroid carcinomas. The urinary HCG $6.1{\pm}0.6$ fmol/mgCr was with in normal range in benign hyperthyroidism but was markedly elevated in three cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism (maximum value of excretion in urine for HCG was 2323 fmol/mgCr). The excretion of malignant isoform of HCG in urine was 0 in benign hyperparathyroidsm and in four cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism which fell into the category of persistantly low HCG. The maximum excretion of the malignant isoform of HCG in urine was 1.8, in the category of very high HCG. Calcium and parathyroid hormone were mildly raised in benign parathyroidism, while parathyroid hormone was markedly elevated in cases of malignant hyperparathyroidism falling into the category of very high HCG. Conclusions: The excretion of urinary HCG in urine has the ability to distinguish between parathyroid adenomas and carcinomas and thus has potential to become a marker of disease progression in malignant parathyroid disease.

Des-Gamma-Carboxyprothrombin for Early Identification and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma - A Case Control Study from Western Nepal

Mittal, Ankush,Gupta, Satrudhan Pd,Sathian, Brijesh,Sreedharan, Jayadevan,Poudel, Bibek,Yadav, Shambhu Kumar,Pandeya, Dipendra Raj Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Objective: To assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of AFP and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in combination and alone for hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A case control study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal between $1^{st}$ January 2010 and $31^{st}$ December 2011. The variables collected were age, gender, BMI, total proteins, albumin, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, DCP, AFP. Approval for the study was obtained from the institutional research ethical committee. Estimation of AFP was performed by ELISA reader for all cases. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics and confidence interval (CI). The data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results:The mean age of HCC cases was $53.6{\pm}14.93$ yrs. The percentage of females was less than males in both cases (23%) and controls (29%). The specificity of DCP reached 100% when its values was equal or greater than 150 (MAU/ml) for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months preceding the diagnosis of HCC. Similarly, the specificity for AFP was also nearly 100% when its value was equal or greater than 200 ng/ml 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months earlier to the finding of HCC. The specificity of DCP (${\geq}40MAU/mL$) and AFP(${\geq}20$ ng/mL) in combination was 93%, 97%, 95%, 96%, 97% in respect to 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months prior to the diagnosis of HCC. Conclusion: The combination of both DCP and AFP will improve the finding of initial HCC and the sensitivity of these markers was utmost at the time of HCC identification and noticeably lesser at former time points.

APMP comparison for the calibration of ambient dose equivalent meters in ISO neutron reference fields-APMP.RI(III)-S1

Park, H,Kim, J H,Webb, D,Sathian, V,Lee, J H,Zhang, H,Harano, H,Masuda, A,Matsumoto, T,Moisseev, N N,Didyk, A V IOP Publishing 2015 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.52 No.1