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The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea
Su-Jin Kang,Jihyun Moon,Heewon Kang,Heekyoung Nam,Sangwoo Tak,Sung-Il Cho 대한예방의학회 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.5
302 Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine J Prev Med Public Health 2020;53:302-306 • https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.213 The Evolving Policy Debate on Border Closure in Korea SuJin Kang1, Jihyun Moon2, Heewon Kang1, Heekyoung Nam3, Sangwoo Tak1, Sung-il Cho1,3 1Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; 2Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea; 3Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Brief Report Objectives: In this paper, we aimed to investigate the evolving debate over border closure in Korea during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to address the main themes associated with border closure, and to discuss the factors that need to be considered when making such decisions. Methods: We collated and reviewed previously conducted review studies on border closures during infectious disease outbreaks to derive relevant themes and factors. Results: According to our systematic review on border closures and travel restrictions, the effects of such containment efforts are limited. We suggest considering the following factors when determining whether to impose border closure measures: (1) disease characteristics, (2) timeliness of implementation, (3) transmission delay and the basic reproduction number, (4) globalization and pandemics, and (5) social and economic costs. Conclusions: Our assessment indicates that the effects of border closures are at best temporary and limited. Alternative measures must be contemplated and implemented to suppress the spread of COVID-19 in particular and infectious diseases more broadly.
Jeong Dae Jin,Um Jee-Hyun,Kim Young Yeon,Shin Dong Jin,Im Sangwoo,Lee Kang-Min,Lee Yun-Hee,Lim Dae-sik,Kim Donghoon,Yun Jeanho 생화학분자생물학회 2024 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.56 No.-
Mitophagy induction upon mitochondrial stress is critical for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular function. Here, we found that Mst1/2 (Stk3/4), key regulators of the Hippo pathway, are required for the induction of mitophagy under various mitochondrial stress conditions. Knockdown of Mst1/2 or pharmacological inhibition by XMU-MP-1 treatment led to impaired mitophagy induction upon CCCP and DFP treatment. Mechanistically, Mst1/2 induces mitophagy independently of the PINK1-Parkin pathway and the canonical Hippo pathway. Moreover, our results suggest the essential involvement of BNIP3 in Mst1/2-mediated mitophagy induction upon mitochondrial stress. Notably, Mst1/2 knockdown diminishes mitophagy induction, exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduces cellular survival upon neurotoxic stress in both SH-SY5Y cells and Drosophila models. Conversely, Mst1 and Mst2 expression enhances mitophagy induction and cell survival. In addition, AAV-mediated Mst1 expression reduced the loss of TH-positive neurons, ameliorated behavioral deficits, and improved mitochondrial function in an MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse model. Our findings reveal the Mst1/2-BNIP3 regulatory axis as a novel mediator of mitophagy induction under conditions of mitochondrial stress and suggest that Mst1/2 play a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial function and neuronal viability in response to neurotoxic treatment.
( Sangwoo Park ),( Jeong Jae Lee ),( Boung Mo Yang ),( Jin Ho Cho ),( Soyun Kim ),( Joowon Kang ),( Sejong Oh ),( Dong-jun Park ),( Rider Perez-maldonado ),( Jee-yeon Cho ),( Il-hun Park ),( Hyeun Bum 한국축산학회 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.1
This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary protease (PR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs. A total of 75 weaned pigs [7.06 ± 0.18 kg of average body weight (BW); 28 day old] were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (blocks = BW and sex): a diet based on corn and soybean meal to meet the requirement of crude protein (CP) as a positive control (PC; CP = 24.49%), a low protein diet as a negative control (NC; CP = 22.51%), and NC + 0.02% PR. The PR used in this study was a commercial product containing 75,000 protease units/g derived from Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus licheniformis. Pigs were fed the dietary treatments for 6 weeks and the diets containing 0.2% chromic oxide for the last week of this study. Blood, feces, ileal digesta, and ileum samples were collected from randomly selected two pigs in each pen on respective time points. Measurements were growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), CP, and energy, frequency of diarrhea, packed cell volume (PCV), and ileal morphology of weaned pigs. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during overall experimental period than those fed NC. Pigs fed PC and PR had higher (p < 0.05) AID or ATTD of DM, CP, or energy than those fed NC. Moreover, pigs fed PR had higher ratio between villus height and crypt depth (p < 0.05) and number of goblet cells (p < 0.05) than those fed NC. Addition of PR decreased (p < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea for the first two weeks after weaning compared with PC and NC. In addition, pigs fed PR had lower (p < 0.05) PCV on d 14 after weaning than those fed PC and NC. In conclusion, addition of PR in nursery diets with a low protein level significantly improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned pigs
Sangwoo Shin,Kyung Min Kim,Jiwoon Song,Hyung Keun Kim,Doo Jin Choi,Hyung Hee Cho IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.58 No.3
<P>Due to the extreme operating conditions in phase-change memory (PCM) cells in terms of temperature and heating/cooling rate, thermal stress is regarded as one of the most critical problems in PCM devices. Here, we report on the thermal stress analysis of Ge<SUB>1</SUB>Sb<SUB>4</SUB>Te<SUB>7</SUB>-based PCM cells using numerical simulations. Thermomechanical properties are measured prior to the thermal stress analysis, where the Young's modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and density of (poly)crystalline Ge<SUB>1</SUB>Sb<SUB>4</SUB>Te<SUB>7</SUB> are measured to be 37.8 GPa, 17.913 × 10<SUP>-6</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 5685 kg · m<SUP>-3</SUP>, respectively. Transient thermal stress evolution in conventional T-structured and trench depth-varying PCM cells is simulated during the reset process. For the T-structured PCM cell, thermal stress is developed largely in the interface of the phase-change and bottom contact layers (PCL and BCL respectively), which may lead to the delamination of the PCL from the metal electrode. However, we observe that, as the trench depth is increased, the thermal stress along the interface of the PCL and the interlayer dielectric (ILD) also increases. Therefore, in a deep-trenched PCM cell, a possible thermal failure is likely to occur not only at the interface of the PCL and the BCL but also at the interface of the PCL and the ILD.</P>
Evaluation of Commercial Chromogenic Media for Discrimination of E. coli
Jin-Sung Lee(이진성),Kenu-Sung Kim(김근성),Yong Sun Cho(조용선),Sangwoo Yoon(윤상우) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-
Currently, a variety of chromogenic culture mediums designed to examine E. coli in qualitative and quantitative ways have been developed and are available on the market. Most of these culture mediums contain synthetic substrates for species-specific enzymes. If E. coli exists in a sample, the synthetic substrates become broken down by the enzyme of coliform bacteria. Then, the bacteria clusters show distinctive colors. Even though diverse types of chromogenic culture mediums have been available on the market, it has been difficult to make an overall comparison of these culture mediums due to the fact that there has been no research conducted on the performance analysis of these mediums. Such research, therefore, aims to suggest the criteria for the selection of culture mediums through an analysis of both sensitivity and specificity for the chromogenic culture medium for coliform bacteria currently available on the market.
Crystal Structure and Molecular Mechanism of Phosphotransbutyrylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum
( Sangwoo Kim ),( Kyung-jin Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.10
Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum has been considered a promising process of industrial biofuel production. Phosphotransbutyrylase (phosphate butyryltransferase, PTB) plays a crucial role in butyrate metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of butyryl-CoA into butyryl phosphate. Here, we report the crystal structure of PTB from the Clostridial host for ABE fermentation, C. acetobutylicum, (CaPTB) at a 2.9 A resolution. The overall structure of the CaPTB monomer is quite similar to those of other acyltransferases, with some regional structural differences. The monomeric structure of CaPTB consists of two distinct domains, the N- and C-terminal domains. The active site cleft was formed at the interface between the two domains. Interestingly, the crystal structure of CaPTB contained eight molecules per asymmetric unit, forming an octamer, and the size-exclusion chromatography experiment also suggested that the enzyme exists as an octamer in solution. The structural analysis of CaPTB identifies the substrate binding mode of the enzyme and comparisons with other acyltransferase structures lead us to speculate that the enzyme undergoes a conformational change upon binding of its substrate.
Negative Differential Transconductance Characteristics and
Jin Ho Kim,Seung-Hwan Song,박병국,Jong Duk Lee,Kwon Chil Kang,Kyung Rok Kim,Sangwoo Kang 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
Field-induced inter-band tunneling effect transistors (FITETs) were fabricated, based on a conventional SOI MOSFET technology. Negative differential transconductance (NDT) characteristics and output inter-band tunneling characteristics were observed at room temperature, and these characteristics were explained with inter-band tunneling physics. An inter-band tunneling current of a FITET flows when the energy bands of degenerately doped regions align, and it does not flow when they do not. The energy-band movements in the floating-body region were investigated from device simulation results.