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Effects of multi-layer graphene capping on Cu interconnects
Kang, Chang Goo,Lim, Sung Kwan,Lee, Sangchul,Lee, Sang Kyung,Cho, Chunhum,Lee, Young Gon,Hwang, Hyeon Jun,Kim, Younghun,Choi, Ho Jun,Choe, Sun Hee,Ham, Moon-Ho,Lee, Byoung Hun IOP Pub 2013 Nanotechnology Vol.24 No.11
<P>The benefits of multi-layer graphene (MLG) capping on Cu interconnects have been experimentally demonstrated. The resistance of MLG capped Cu wires improved by 2–7% compared to Cu wires. The breakdown current density increased by 18%, suggesting that the MLG can act as an excellent capping material for Cu interconnects, improving the reliability characteristics. With a proper process optimization, MLG capped Cu interconnects could become a promising technology for high density back end-of-line interconnects.</P>
A review on volcanic gas compositions related to volcanic activities and non-volcanological effects
Sangchul Lee,Namhee Kang,Minji Park,황진연,윤성효,정훈영 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.1
Volcanic gases have been monitored to predict eruptions since their compositions are strongly affected by volcanic activities. Here, volcanic gas geochemistry is reviewed with the main focus placed on the potential use of volcanic gases as eruption precursors. First, volcanic activities are differentiated into four eruptive cycles: eruptive, post-eruptive, inter-eruptive, and pre-eruptive periods. Second, we discuss geochemical factors affecting volcanic gas compositions: magma origin and degassing, hydrothermal interactions, and meteorological variability. Third, volcanic gas data in previous studies are revisited to address the practical aspects in utilizing volcanic gas compositions to predict eruptions. As a magma is depressurized due to its uprising, volcanic gases become progressively exsolved. Generally, the fluxes of volcanic gases (e.g., CO2, SO2, H2S, etc.) increase considerably close to eruptions. Also, CO2/SO2, SO2/HCl, and SO2/HF ratios in volcanic gases tend to decrease at the imminence of eruptions. Nonetheless, such trends may not be encountered due to both kinetically limited degassing and secondary effects including hydrothermal interactions and meteorological variability. Due to the site specificity of the aforementioned effects, a comprehensive understanding of volcanic gas chemistry requires the knowledge of magma vents and reservoirs as well as hydrothermal systems below volcanoes. Accordingly, the integrated use of volcanic gas data with geophysical and geomorphological information can warrant a better prediction of eruptions.
Enhanced Charge Injection in Pentacene Field‐Effect Transistors with Graphene Electrodes
Lee, Sangchul,Jo, Gunho,Kang, Seok‐,Ju,Wang, Gunuk,Choe, Minhyeok,Park, Woojin,Kim, Dong‐,Yu,Kahng, Yung Ho,Lee, Takhee Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2011 Advanced Materials Vol. No.
<P><B>Pentacene organic field‐effect transistors</B> with multilayer graphene electrodes exhibit a lower contact resistance and lower charge‐injection barrier height than those with conventional Au electrodes. This enhancement in performance is related to the favorable dipole layer formation at the graphene/pentacene interface. </P>
Graphene transfer in vacuum yielding a high quality graphene
Lee, Sangchul,Lee, Sang Kyung,Kang, Chang Goo,Cho, Chunhum,Lee, Young Gon,Jung, Ukjin,Lee, Byoung Hun Elsevier 2015 Carbon Vol.93 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The importance of proper graphene transfer process cannot be emphasized more because it is so closely related to the performance and stability of graphene devices. In this work, a new transfer method utilizing a voluntary bonding of a graphene film to a target substrate in vacuum is demonstrated. The problems originated from water and air molecules which prevent a robust bonding and degrade the electrical characteristics could be drastically alleviated. As a result, graphene field-effect transistors showed nearly symmetric <I>I</I> <SUB>d</SUB>–<I>V</I> <SUB>g</SUB> characteristics with a minimal hysteresis and drastically improved device stability in air for more than a month could be obtained.</P>
심상철(Sangchul Sim),강유석(Yousuk Kang),김학진(Hakjin Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2017 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.5
Performance analysis and evaluation technique of weather strip components for automobiles was studied. Automotive weather strip is a very important component in determining the quality of emotion that reduce noise and the physical quality that blocks rainwater and pollutants. A rubber material, a foam material and the like are mixed and used in order to satisfy required performance such as door closing and permanent deformation. Rubber materials and foam materials have different nonlinear behaviors, which are different from metal materials. Therefore, there are many difficulties in convergence of analysis and there are many errors in mounting condition of vehicle. The material test was first performed to ensure the reliability of the analysis, and the analysis and evaluation were carried out through the mounting and testing of the product. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed using commercial software ABAQUS, and various material models and analytical methods were selected and analyzed. As a result, it was analytically verified that the validity of the test results was over 80%. Through this, it is expected that reliable results can be used when designing the product.
이상철(Sangchul Lee),이동규(Dongkyu Lee),강자영(Ja-Young Kang) 한국항공우주학회 2010 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.38 No.3
비상위치송수신장치(ELT)는 항공기 추락 시 조난 신호를 송출하는 장비이다. 유용한 장비이지만 항공기 추락과 경착륙에 대한 오판으로 인하여 잘못된 조난신호를 송출하기도한다. 이러한 문제점은 현재 사용되고 있는 기계식 G-스위치의 부정확성에 그 원인이 있다. ELT의 성능 개선을 위하여 기계식 G-스위치를 MEMS 가속도계로 대체한 ELT 시스템을 개발하였다. ELT 시스템은 가속도 정보 수집/분석 시스템과 추락 판단 프로그램, 추락 상황에서 위치 정보를 제공하기 위한 GPS 수신 시스템으로 구성되어 있다. 또한, ELT 시스템을 검증하기 위한 자유 낙하 실험대를 제작하였다. 자유 낙하 실험대는 추락과 경착륙에 해당하는 충격 가속도와 충격 유지 시간을 모사할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 자유 낙하 실험대를 이용하여 개발한 ELT 시스템이 정확히 작동함을 확인하였다. ELT(Emergency Locator Transmitter) is used to send distress signal in the event of an aircraft crash. It is very useful but the ELT may transmit wrong signal caused by misjudging between crash and hard-landing. The reason of this problem is the low accuracy of the mechanical G-switch currently in use. To improve the ELT, we developed an ELT system using the MEMS(Micro Electro-Mechanical Sensor) accelerometer. The ELT system consists of acceleration data acquisition/analysis system, program of crash recognition, and GPS receiving system for the position information of an aircraft crash site. A free-drop table was developed for verification of the ELT system. The free-drop table was designed to replicate the acceleration and the pulse duration of the hard landing and the crash. By using the free-drop table, we showed that the ELT system performed well.
문상철(SangChul Mun),강결찬(GyeolChan Kang),김기범(KiBuem Kim) 한국색채학회 2019 한국색채학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.5
Recently, technological developments become intensified, the performance of the R & D sector has gradually decreased compared to the budget input because the technological development of the users shows a great difference. To solve these problems, it has become necessary to develop more innovative and user-friendly products by adding user’s sensibility and empirical value to technology through design-technology convergence or design-R & D convergence. The purpose of this study is to replace the exterior materials of ICT field with metallic materials having color by itself as a method for design-technology convergence. For this purpose, we tried to embody a color by adding magnesium suicide with blue color in an achromatic aluminum matrix. We adopted the concept of a juxtaposition mixing technique in which each point is gathered to express color by this method. Alloys of broad atomic ratios were prepared by adjusting the fraction of aluminum and magnesium suicide. Chromaticity analysis using CIE L * a * b * color coordinates was performed on the alloys produced. As a result of the chromaticity analysis, it was confirmed that the brightness and the degree of redness were small, and the degree of blueness decreased as the fraction of the magnesium silicide precipitation phase decreased. Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that various colors can be realized by adjusting the fraction of metals having different colors.