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Lee, Sanghyo,Ko, Wonbae,Oh, Yujin,Lee, Jongsun,Baek, Gwangho,Lee, Younhee,Sohn, Junginn,Cha, Seungnam,Kim, Jongmin,Park, Jeagun,Hong, Jinpyo Elsevier 2015 Nano energy Vol.12 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Wearable energy harvesting devices are of increasing importance for the realization of flexible smart electronics, as the basic building blocks of power sources are able to convert the mechanical energy induced from body movement to electricity. Here, we report the electrical responses of a textile substrate-based triboelectric nanogenerator (T-TENG), including nanostructured surface configurations provided by Al nanoparticles and PDMS, in which no intricate fabrication process was performed or required. Along with analysis of the working principle and finite element simulation, the textile-based output power density of 33.6mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was obtained from the periodic mechanical stress of an adjustable bending machine, and this was used to activate commercially available light emitting diode (LED) bulbs. Additionally, we demonstrated the generation of sufficient energy from clothes attached to a commercial arm sleeve to power the LED devices from the activity of a human arm. Our practical cloth approach may contribute to a general framework for developing functional and self-powered wearable electronic devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Textle substrate was used to develope functional self-powered energy harvester. </LI> <LI> Electrical features of T-TENG was manipulated by various surface configurations. </LI> <LI> A self-powered clothes was demonstrated as one example of energy harvester. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Textile substrate-based triboelectric nanogenerator (T-TENG) including nanostructured surface configurations provided by Al nanoparticles and PDMS has been demonstrated for the generation of energy from clothes attached to a commercial arm sleeve in order to power the LED devices from the activity of a human arm.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
p‐Type Conduction Characteristics of Lithium‐Doped ZnO Nanowires
Lee, JunSeok,Cha, SeungNam,Kim, JongMin,Nam, HyeWon,Lee, SangHyo,Ko, WonBae,Wang, Kang L.,Park, JeaGun,Hong, JinPyo WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Materials Vol.23 No.36
<P><B>p‐type ZnO nanowires (NWs) based on a simple hydrothermal technique with a lithium dopant</B> are demonstrated. It is demonstrated that Li substitution of Zn occurrs because of thermally induced migration due to post‐annealing in the presence of oxygen. The stable formation of p‐type ZnO:Li NWs is revealed using a NW field‐effect transistor and a simple n‐type ZnO thin film/p‐type annealed ZnO:Li NW homojunction diode.</P>
Valuation of Guaranteed Maximum Price Contracts in Korea Using the Collar Option Model
Lee, Sanghyo,Jang, Hyeongjae,Ahn, Yonghan Hindawi Limited 2018 Advances in civil engineering Vol.2018 No.-
<P>This study assessed the levels of risk that contractors may be subject to while executing a GMP contract by applying a collar option model to the case study of an apartment project in Korea and identified implications for the application of GMP contracts in Korea. The payoff structure of the GMP contract was defined based on the collar option model and a profit sharing ratio calculated to evaluate the risks involved in GMP contracts. The results showed that an increase in the GMP and a decrease in the expected cost and cost range were accompanied by a decrease in the profit sharing ratio. The proposed valuation model for GMP contracts is expected to help clients and contractors in Korea negotiate reasonable contracts as it enables the contractor to utilize the proposed model as basic data, the client to evaluate the performance of the contractor, and both parties to agree a reasonable profit sharing ratio. Implementing GMP contracts with CMR is likely to have a number of positive effects on the Korean construction market. However, in order to maximize these effects, it is necessary to have the ability to evaluate cost uncertainty. Accordingly, it is very important to analyze the factors that influence cost volatility. In future work, the various factors that have an impact on the GMP must be studied to maximize the positive effects of the framework proposed in this paper. An analysis of the effect of each factor on the change in the GMP will help Korean construction companies who are attempting to introduce GMP contracts to perform their preconstruction services effectively.</P>
A Financing Model to Solve Financial Barriers for Implementing Green Building Projects
Lee, Sanghyo,Lee, Baekrae,Kim, Juhyung,Kim, Jaejun Scientific World, Inc 2013 The Scientific World Journal Vol.2013 No.-
<P> Along with the growing interest in greenhouse gas reduction, the effect of greenhouse gas energy reduction from implementing green buildings is gaining attention. The government of the Republic of Korea has set green growth as its paradigm for national development, and there is a growing interest in energy saving for green buildings. However, green buildings may have financial barriers that have high initial construction costs and uncertainties about future project value. Under the circumstances, governmental support to attract private funding is necessary to implement green building projects. The objective of this study is to suggest a financing model for facilitating green building projects with a governmental guarantee based on Certified Emission Reduction (CER). In this model, the government provides a guarantee for the increased costs of a green building project in return for CER. And this study presents the validation of the model as well as feasibility for implementing green building project. In addition, the suggested model assumed governmental guarantees for the increased cost, but private guarantees seem to be feasible as well because of the promising value of the guarantee from CER. To do this, certification of Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs) for green buildings must be obtained. </P>
Lee, Sanghyo,Kim, Jong-Man,Kim, Jung-Mu,Kim, Yong-Kweon,Kwon, Youngwoo IEEE 2005 IEEE microwave and wireless components letters Vol.15 No.10
In this paper, a new type of reconfigurable inductor is proposed for mm-waves based on the reconfiguration of slow-wave coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines using multiple-contact switches. It is then employed together with micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) capacitive shunt switches to realize a reconfigurable low-pass filter, where the values of both inductors and capacitors are changed independently to achieve optimum filter characteristics. The measured 3-dB cut-off frequency of the reconfigurable low-pass filter changes from 53 GHz to 20 GHz while maintaining Tchebycheff low-pass prototype characteristics. The out-of-band rejection characteristics are also improved in this way. To our knowledge, this is among the first demonstrations that both types of MEMS contact switches and capacitive switches are used simultaneously to construct a monolithic tunable filter with independent L/C controlling capability.
Small Electrical Nerve Stimulator by Arm Processor
Sanghyo Woo,Changwook Kim,Mohyuddin Zia,Sangheon Lee,Euisung Chung,Jangwoo Lee,Junghyun Lee,Heejoon Park,Chulho Won,Jinho Cho 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
Recently, performance of a mobile phone has increased dramatically, and it is possible to integrate various biotechnologies into the mobile phone. Among the various biotechnologies, a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator has many advantages such as improve the circulation of blood and suppress a pain. To integrate the stimulator in the mobile phone, it is necessity to make small, low power, and safe module. In this paper, the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation module was designed and implemented by small boost converter. To reduce the power consumption, the external ADC was used to measure the value of the charged energy. Also, the module limits the maximum transmit power by tank capacitor value to inprove safety. To confirm the operation of designed module, an arm processor was used to control the module. The implemented module consumes only 6.6 ㎽ (without CPU) at normal stimulus mode.
Lee, Sanghyo,Kim, Jong-Man,Kim, Yong-Kweon,Kwon, Youngwoo IOP 2008 JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING - Vol.18 No.1
<P>In this paper, a generic single-pole nine-throw (SP9T) switch is demonstrated using radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology for broadband multi-mode and multi-band front-ends. In order to improve uniformity and yield required for complex switches, ‘stress-free’ single-crystalline-silicon series dc-contact MEMS switches have been employed instead of metal membrane switches. When tested according to the third-generation partnership project (3GPP) specifications, the antenna switch in this work shows loss, isolation and linearity characteristics better than the conventional semiconductor switches. Measured results showed insertion losses for all nine paths less than 0.5 dB and 2 dB from dc to 2.17 GHz and 21.6 GHz, respectively. Isolations for all input–output and output–output ports are higher than 49 dB at 2.17 GHz. Nonlinearities generated by the MEMS switch were well below the measurement limit of our system setup. The broadband RF performance, together with excellent linearity characteristics, makes this type of MEMS switch a promising candidate for an antenna switch for multi-band and multi-mode front-end applications.</P>