Multiple evaluation of the potential toxic effects of sediments and biota collected from an oil-polluted area around Abu Ali Island, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf

Lee, Junghyun,Kim, Taewoo,Yoon, Seo Joon,Kim, Seonju,Lee, Aslan Hwanhwi,Kwon, Bong-Oh,Allam, Ahmed A.,Al-khedhairy, Abdulaziz A.,Lee, Hanbyul,Kim, Jae-Jin,Hong, Seongjin,Khim, Jong Seong Elsevier 2019 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.183 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>After the Gulf War Oil Spill, there have been many investigations about distributions of oil-derived pollutants nearby areas, but lacking in ecotoxicological assessment. We evaluated the potential toxicity of asphalt mats, sediments, and biota (polychaetes, chitons, snapping shrimps, and crabs) by combining two bioassays (H4IIE-<I>luc</I> and <I>Vibrio fischeri</I>) and <I>in situ</I> microbial community (eDNA). Samples were collected from Abu Ali Island, and organic extracts were bioassayed and further fractionated according to the chemical polarity using silica gel column. Great aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated potencies and inhibition of bioluminescence were mainly found in aromatics (F2) and saturates (F1) fractions of asphalt mat and sediments, respectively, while great toxicological responses in biota samples were found in resins and polar (F3) fraction. We also confirmed that potential toxicities of biota were species-specific; great AhR-mediated potencies were found in polychaetes and great bioluminescence inhibitions were found in crabs. In microbial communities, most genera (up to 90%) were associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-degrading bacteria, supporting that PAHs are the primary stressors of the benthic community around Abu Ali Island. The present study provides useful information on the contamination status, risk assessment of environmental matrices and benthic organisms in Abu Ali Island.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Significant AhR-mediated potencies were found in sediments and polychaetes. </LI> <LI> Polar fractions of biota extracts were responsible for luminescence inhibition. </LI> <LI> Species diversity and composition of bacterial community affected by residual oils. </LI> <LI> Up to 90% of genera of microbial community were associated with PAHs-degradation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Substitution of ethambutol with linezolid during the intensive phase of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

Lee, Jung-Kyu,Lee, Ji Yeon,Kim, Deog Kyeom,Yoon, Ho Il,Jeong, Ina,Heo, Eun Young,Park, Young Sik,Jo, Yong Suk,Lee, Jae Ho,Park, Sung Soo,Park, Jong Sun,Kim, Junghyun,Lee, Sang-Min,Joh, Joon-Sung,Lee, Elsevier 2019 LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.19 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Linezolid improves the treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis substantially. We investigated whether use of linezolid instead of ethambutol increases the proportion of sputum culture conversion at 8 weeks of treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We did a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, open-label trial for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the three affiliated hospitals to Seoul National University and National Medical Center (Seoul–Seongnam, South Korea). Patients, aged 20–80 years, with a positive sputum for pulmonary tuberculosis, but without resistance to rifampicin, and current treatment administered for 7 days or fewer, were randomly assigned at a 1:1:1 ratio into three groups. The control group received ethambutol (2 months) with isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. The second group used linezolid (600 mg/day) for 2 weeks and the third group for 4 weeks instead of ethambutol for 2 months. We used a minimisation method to randomise, and stratified according to institution, cavitation on chest radiographs, and diabetes. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with negative culture conversion of sputum in liquid media after 8 weeks of treatment. The results of this trial were analysed primarily in the modified intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01994460.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>Between Feb 19, 2014, and Jan 13, 2017, a total of 429 patients were enrolled and 428 were randomly assigned into either the control group (142 patients), the linezolid 2 weeks group (143 patients), or the linezolid 4 weeks group (143 patients). Among them, 401 were eligible for primary efficacy analyses. In the modified intention-to-treat analyses, negative cultures in liquid media at 8 weeks of treatment were observed in 103 (76·9%) of 134 control patients, 111 (82·2%) of 135 in the linezolid 2 weeks group, and 100 (75·8%) of 132 in the linezolid 4 weeks groups. The difference from the control group was 5.4% (95% CI −4·3 to 15·0, p=0·28) for the linezolid 2 weeks group and −1·1% (−11·3 to 9·1, p=0·83) for the linezolid 4 weeks group. Numbers of patients who experienced at least one adverse event were similar across the groups (86 [62·8%] of 137 in control, 79 [57·2%] of 138 in the linezolid 2 weeks group, and 75 [62·0%] of 121 in the linezolid 4 weeks group). Resistance to linezolid was not identified in any patient.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>Higher rates of culture conversion at 8 weeks of treatment with short-term use of linezolid were not observed. However, safety analyses and the resistance profile suggested the potential role of linezolid in shortening of treatment for drug-susceptible tuberculosis.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P>Ministry of Health and Welfare, South Korea.</P>

신 흡수제(KoSol-5)를 적용한 0.1 MW급 Test Bed CO2 포집 성능시험

이정현 ( Junghyun Lee ),김범주 ( Beom Ju Kim ),신수현 ( Su Hyun Shin ),곽노상 ( No Sang Kwak ),이동욱 ( Dong Woog Lee ),이지현 ( Ji Hyun Lee ),심재구 ( Jae Goo Shim ) 한국공업화학회 2016 공업화학 Vol.27 No.4

한전 전력연구원에서 개발한 고효율 아민계 습식 CO2 흡수제(KoSol-5)를 적용하여 0.1 MW급 Test Bed CO2 포집 성능시험을 수행하였다. 500 MW급 석탄화력발전소에서 발생되는 연소 배가스를 적용하여 하루 2톤의 CO2를 처리할 수있는 연소 후 CO2 포집기술의 성능을 확인하였으며 또한 국내에서는 유일하게 재생에너지 소비량을 실험적으로 측정함으로써 KoSol-5 흡수제의 성능에 대한 신뢰성 있는 데이터를 제시하고자 하였다. 그리고 주요 공정변수 운전 및 흡수탑 인터쿨링 효율 향상에 따른 에너지 저감 효과를 테스트하였다. 흡수탑에서의 CO2 제거율은 국제에너지기구산하 온실가스 프로그램(IEA-GHG)에서 제시하는 CO2 포집기술 성능평가 기준치(CO2 제거율: 90%)를 안정적으로 유지하였다. 또한 흡수제(KoSol-5)의 재생을 위한 스팀 사용량(재생에너지)은 2.95 GJ/tonCO2가 소비되는 것으로 산출되었는데 이는 기존 상용 흡수제(MEA, Monoethanol amine)의 평균 재생에너지 수준(약 4.0 GJ/tonCO2) 대비 약 26% 저감된 수치이다. 본 연구를 통해 한전 전력연구원에서 개발한 KoSol-5 흡수제 및 CO2 포집 공정의 우수한 CO2 포집 성능을 확인할 수 있었고, 향후 본 연구에서 성능이 확인된 고효율 흡수제(KoSol-5)를 실증급 CO2 포집플랜트에 적용할 경우 CO2 포집비용을 크게 낮출 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The absorption efficiency of amine CO2 absorbent (KoSol-5) developed by KEPCO research institute was evaluated using a 0.1 MW test bed. The performance of post-combustion technology to capture two tons of CO2 per day from a slipstream of the flue gas from a 500 MW coal-fired power station was first confirmed in Korea. Also the analysis of the absorbent regeneration energy was conducted to suggest the reliable data for the KoSol-5 absorbent performance. And we tested energy reduction effects by improving the absorption tower inter-cooling system. Overall results showed that the CO2 removal rate met the technical guideline (CO2 removal rate : 90%) suggested by IEA-GHG. Also the regeneration energy of the KoSol-5 showed about 3.05 GJ/tonCO2 which was about 25% reduction in the regeneration energy compared to that of using the commercial absorbent MEA (Monoethanolamine). Based on current experiments, the KoSol-5 absorbent showed high efficiency for CO2 capture. It is expected that the application of KoSol-5 to commercial scale CO2 capture plants could dramatically reduce CO2 capture costs.

An integrated systems biology approach identifies positive cofactor 4 as a factor that increases reprogramming efficiency

Jo, Junghyun,Hwang, Sohyun,Kim, Hyung Joon,Hong, Soomin,Lee, Jeoung Eun,Lee, Sung-Geum,Baek, Ahmi,Han, Heonjong,Lee, Jin Il,Lee, Insuk,Lee, Dong Ryul Oxford University Press 2016 Nucleic acids research Vol.44 No.3

<P>Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can spontaneously dedifferentiate into embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells, which are designated as multipotent SSCs (mSSCs), without ectopic expression of reprogramming factors. Interestingly, SSCs express key pluripotency genes such as <I>Oct4, Sox2, Klf4</I> and <I>Myc</I>. Therefore, molecular dissection of mSSC reprogramming may provide clues about novel endogenous reprogramming or pluripotency regulatory factors. Our comparative transcriptome analysis of mSSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) suggests that they have similar pluripotency states but are reprogrammed via different transcriptional pathways. We identified 53 genes as putative pluripotency regulatory factors using an integrated systems biology approach. We demonstrated a selected candidate, <I>Positive cofactor 4</I> (<I>Pc4</I>), can enhance the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming by promoting and maintaining transcriptional activity of the key reprograming factors. These results suggest that <I>Pc4</I> has an important role in inducing spontaneous somatic cell reprogramming via up-regulation of key pluripotency genes.</P>

산업안전보건법상 허용기준 설정대상 유해인자 선정기준 마련에 관한 연구

이정현 ( Junghyun Lee ),함미란 ( Miran Hahm ),이은정 ( Eun Jung Lee ),이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),홍문기 ( Mun Ki Hong ),변상훈 ( Sang-hoon Byeon ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2017 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Objectives: This study aims to suggest definitions in accordance with the purpose of the permissible limit system in order to suggest criteria for substances with permissible exposure limits and expanded candidate substances under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Korea. Methods: The occupational safety and health related acts from six countries were researched, including from Korea. To understand the health hazards of substances with permissible exposure limits, health hazards were prioritized for 211 substances through working environment measurement on the basis of KOSHA`s preceding research. Results: To suggest criteria for substances with permissible exposure limits and expanded candidate substances, definitions were suggested in accordance with the purpose of the permissible limit system. Based on the health hazard priorities for the working environment, selection criteria were identified. Conclusions: Three suggestions for substances with permissible exposure limits were proposed including substances where occurred serious health hazards such as carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity to workers.

좀벌레 방제제 제품 중 엠펜트린 잔류량 실태조사

이민진(Minjin Lee),이채홍(Chaehong Lee),이지은(Jieun Lee),이정현(Junghyun Lee),탁준형(Junhyung Tak) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5

오래전부터 좀벌레 방제를 위해 나프탈렌을 사용해왔으나, 나프탈렌의 강한 향취로 인해 사용에 부담이 크며, 이를 대체하는 목적으로 무향, 무취의 엠펜트린을 주성분으로 한 좀벌레 방제제 사용이 대세가 되었다. 좀벌레는 질병을 매개하지는 않으나, 단순히 의류의 손상을 가하는 등의 경제적 피해만을 주는 해충으로 분류되어 좀벌레 방제제는 지금까지 공산품으로 유통되어 왔으며, 이들 제품에 대한 함량 기준 및 효능 기준이 전무한 상황이었다. 그러나 「생화화학제품 및 살생물제의 안전관리에 관한 법률」(이하 ‘화학제품안전법’)이 2019년 1월 1일 시행되면서 살생물제로 편입되어 해당 효능물질 및 제품에 대한 인허가 기준을 정립할 필요성이 발생하게 되었다. 현재 방충 효능을 나타낼 수 있는 엠펜트린의 기준이 없어 정확한 사용량 확인이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 좀벌레 방제제로 사용되는 엠펜트린의 독성자료 개발을 위한 기초자료로 제품 중 엠펜트린의 함유량 실태조사와 최대 6개월까지 휘산 후 제품 중 엠펜트린의 잔류량을 확인하고자 한다. 국내에서 판매중인 좀벌레 방제제 29개 제품에 대해 엠펜트린 분석결과 20개 제품에서 엠펜트린이 검출되었으며, 검출된 제품에 대해 제품의 용도에 맞게 옷장과 서랍장에서 1개월, 2개월, 3개월, 4개월, 6개월 휘산시킨 후 잔류하는 엠펜트린 함량시험을 진행하여 휘산율을 확인하였다.

Change of Perception of the Quality of Dying and Death (QODD) in the Intensive Care Unit by Healthcare Workers after Implementation of “well-dying law”

( Ye Jin Lee ),( Yeon-joo Lee ),( Jun Yeun Cho ),( Junghyun Kim ),( Jee Min Kim ),( Sang-min Lee ),( Tae Yun Park ),( Seo Young Yun ),( Jong Sun Park ),( Young-jae Cho ),( Ho Il Yoon ),( Jae-ho Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Importance of dying with dignity in the ICU has been emphasized. However, our previous study found the end of life care in Korean ICU was significantly lower than that in other Caucasian ICU. The Korea ministry published “well-dying law” in 2018, nonbeneficial life-sustaining treatments for incapacitated patients with advanced illness is expected to reduce. We evaluated to whether the well dying law Resulted in significant improvement of the quality of death in ICU. We performed a multicenter prospective survey involving four medical ICUs. During January 1 2019-May 30 2020, we included medical staff who completed the QODD questionnaire which was provided to them 1-2 days after a patients’ death. We compared baseline characteristics of deceased patients, total QODD scores, individual items of QODD, and opinion of medical staff about withdrawal with those before the law. After the law, deceased patients were higher age, less likely to admit due to post resuscitation care, less likely to given sedatives, analgesics, and inotropes within 24 hours of death, lower GCS, and longer time to death from DNR documentation compared with those of patients before the law. All medical staffs reported higher QODD scores after the law, with doctors reporting 6.7 points higher and nurses about 5.7 points higher than the scores of those responded before the law. Both doctor and nurse gave higher scores when asked if the patients had been seen off by their family when the patients died. The higher agreement was shown after the law (47.6% vs 66.4%, p < 0.001). Our study is first to evaluate the effect of the well-dying law for quality of death in ICU. As expected, there was significant improvement of QODD score than score before the well-dying law. Furthermore, we found that increased aggrement with family/patients and medical staffs about withdrawal.

GC-MS를 이용한 유성 페인트의 클로로페놀류 분석

이채홍(Chaehong Lee),이지은(Jieun Lee),허지선(Jisun Huh),송희진(Heejin Song),하주단(Joodan Ha),왕만식(Mansik Wang),이정현(Junghyun Lee),이민진(Minjin Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2019 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.4

가정용 살충제 중 모기 살충제 제품의 살충성분 함량 및 휘산율 조사

이민진(Minjin Lee),이채홍(Chaehong Lee),이지은(Jieun Lee),이정현(Junghyun Lee),탁준형(Junhyung Tak) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5

국내에 판매되는 모기 살충제 제품의 제형은 에어로솔, 액체전자모기향, 매트전자모기향, 모기향, 걸이형, 스티커/팔찌 형태로 확인되었다. 액체 및 매트 전자모기향은 즉효성 제품인 에어로솔 제형과는 달리 일정 시간(기간) 동안 꾸준히 효력을 발휘하는 제형이다. 그러나 현재까지 실제 제품이 주장하는 기간 동안 지속적으로 효력이 발휘되는지에 대한 효능시험의 확인이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 향후 활용을 위한 레퍼런스 구축의 목적으로 제품의 휘산시간(일자)에 따른 살충성분 방출량 곡선 정보 확보가 필요한 실정이다. 또한 살충제 휘산율 평가를 통해 제품 표시 및 광고 내용에 대해 실험을 통한 정량적 확인 및 관리가 가능할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구에서는 휘산시간(일자) 별 살충제 주성분 잔량 분석을 시행하여 살충 효능 유지 정도를 분석적 관점에서 확인하였다. 액체 및 매트 전자모기향에 사용되는 살충성분 d,d-시스/트란스프랄레트린, d-시스/트란스알레트린, 메토플루트린에 대해 휘산 전 제품 자체의 살충성분 함량 조사와 일정한 시간으로 ( 0 ~ 21 )시간 또는 ( 0 ~ 45 )일 휘산 시켰을 경우 제품에 잔류하고 있는 살충성분 잔류량을 조사하였다. 각 제품에 대한 주성분 함량 분석 및 휘산성 평가를 통해 향후 각 살생물제품 개발 업체 및 제조 업체의 원료 및 제품 품질관리 및 신규 제품 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

추출방법에 따른 수성 페인트 중 19종 클로로페놀류 분석방법 비교

이민진(Minjin Lee),이채홍(Chaehong Lee),이지은(Jieun Lee),허지선(Jisun Huh),하주단(Jooan Ha),송희진(Heejin Song),왕만식(Mansik Wang),이정현(Junghyun Lee) 환경독성보건학회 2019 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.4