Molecular Characteristics and Functional Properties of Barley Starches with Varying Amylose Content

You, Sang-Guan,Kim, Sang-Moo The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2005 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.10 No.3

Molecular structures and functional properties of starches isolated from normal, waxy, and zero amylose barleys were examined. Amylopectins from zero amylose starch had the largest molecular weight $(M_w)$, whereas those from high amylose starch, the smallest. A good correlation between the $(M_w)$ and the radius of gyration $(R_g)$ was observed among amylopectins from various starches, indicating similar polymeric conformation in solution even with the differences in the $(M_w)$. The debranched amylopectin molecules from different types of barley starches exhibited similar profiles, implying that the packing geometry of double helices in the different types of barley starches may be similar. Zero amylose starch showed the highest peak viscosity (326 RVU) in RV A viscograms at lower pasting temperature $(67.6^{\circ}C)$, compared to normal and high amylose starches. Relationship between RVA peak viscosity and amylose content suggested that the presence of amylose inhibited the development of granular swelling of barley starches during cooking. A rapid retrogradation, traced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and strain-controlled rheometry, occurred in the high amylose starch sample during storage, while zero amylose starch showed a very good resistance to retrogradation, indicating excellent storage stability.

Molecular Characteristics and Functional Properties of Barley Starches with Varying Amylose Content

Sang Guan You,Sang Moo Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.10 No.3

Molecular structures and functional properties of starches isolated from normal, waxy, and zero amylose barleys were examined. Amylopectins from zero amylose starch had the largest molecular weight (M_w), whereas those from high amylose starch, the smallest. A good correlation between the Mw and the radius of gyration (R_g) was observed among amylopectins from various starches, indicating similar polymeric conformation in solution even with the differences in the M_w. The debranched amylopectin molecules from different types of barley starches exhibited similar profiles, implying that the packing geometry of double helices in the different types of barley starches may be similar. Zero amylose starch showed the highest peak viscosity (326 RVU) in RVA viscograms at lower pasting temperature (67.6℃), compared to normal and high amylose starches. Relationship between RVA peak viscosity and amylose content suggested that the presence of amylose inhibited the development of granular swelling of barley starches during cooking. A rapid retrogradation, traced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and strain-controlled rheometry, occurred in the high amylose starch sample during storage, while zero amylose starch showed a very good resistance to retrogradation, indicating excellent storage stability.

황기 및 천년초 첨가가 홍삼음료의 품질에 미치는 영향

유상권 ( Sang Guan You ),김성원 ( Sung Won Kim ),정경환 ( Kyung Hwan Jung ),문성권 ( Sung Kwon Moon ),유광원 ( Kwang Won Yu ),최원석 ( Won Seok Choi ) 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구에서는 홍삼음료의 다양화 및 기능성 강화와 여러 기능성을 가진 황기의 식품으로의 활용에 역점을 두고, 기존의 증점제를 대신하여 동결건조 천년초열매를 첨가한 새로운 기능성 홍삼음료을 개발하고자 하였다. 먼저 높은 항산화활성을 지닌 황기추출물을 얻고자 추출용매의 지용성정도를 달리하면서(100(증류수):0(95% 에탄올), 75:25,50:50, 25:75)80℃에서 추출한 추출물의 항산화활성을 측정한 결과, ABTS 및 DPPH radical 소거능 실험에서 증류수의 비율이 증가할수록 추출물의 항산화력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 추출용매의 온도에 의한 황기추출물의 항산화활성 차이를 알아보고자 추출용액의 온도를 달리하면서(60, 80oC) 추출한 추출물의 항산화활성을 비교해 본 결과, 80℃에서의 추출물이 증류수와 에탄올혼합비율과는 상관없이 대부분 60℃ 추출물보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 기존의 점증제를 대신하여 다양한 기능성을 함유한 천연물소재인 천년초분말을 선택하였으며, 구아검용액과 농도별 점도를 비교해 본 결과, 구아검 0.1%(w/v) 용액과 비슷한 점도를 나타내기 위해서는 천년초분말의 경우 1-2%(w/v)의 농도가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 황기와 천년초 첨가가 홍삼용액의 저장성(35℃)에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 이들 용액의 pH와 총미생물수를 7일 동안 측정하였다. 홍삼용액에 황기와 천년초를 첨가한 경우, 저장 1일째부터 pH가 급격히 감소하기 시작하였으며, 저장 3일째에는 pH가 약 3.6까지 떨어진 다음, 저장 6일 이후에는 다소 pH가 증가하였으며, 천년초분말을 첨가한 용액에서는 황기의 농도증가에 의한 유의적 pH 감소는 나타나지 않았다. 천년초를 첨가한 홍삼용액의 경우 황기의 농도와는 상관없이 저장 7일째 미생물의 성장을 관찰할 수 없었으며, 천년초를 첨가하지 않은 시료에 비해 6 log cycle 이상의 큰 살균효과를 나타내었다. 황기(3, 5%, w/v), 천년초(1.2%, w/v)를 함유한 홍삼용액(5%, w/v)이 대장암 및 뇌종양세포증식에 미치는 영향을 각각 0.5 mg/mL과 1 mg/mL의 농도에서 살펴본 결과, 종양세포에 대한 의미 있는 증식억제효과는 나타나지 않았다. This study was performed to develop new functional red ginseng drinks with Astragali Radix and Opuntia humifusa. Optimum extraction conditions such as solvent property and temperature for Astragali Radix were determined by distilled water vs. ethanol (95%) ratio (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25) and 60 vs. 80℃. Water-soluble extracts at 80℃ showed higher antioxidant activities than fat-soluble extracts at 60℃. Viscosities of 1-2% (w/v) of Opuntia humifusa solution were similar to that of the 0.1% guar gum solution. Addtion of Astragali Radix (3% and 5%, w/v) and Opuntia humifusa (1.2%, w/v), especially, had effect on the changes of pH of the red ginseng solution(5%, w/v) during storage for 7 days. A significant difference during the storage was shown in total plate counts by addition of Opuntia humifusa (1.2%, w/v) and microorganisms were reduced by six log cycles. Significant antiproliferation effects of red ginseng (5%, w/v) solution with Astragali Radix (3% & 5%, w/v) and Opuntia humifusa (1.2%, w/ v) on Colon26m-3.1 carcinoma (colorectal carcinoma) cell and U87-MG neuronale glioblastoma (brain carcinoma) cell were not observed.

Purification, Characterization, and Inhibitory Activity of Glassfish (Liparis tanakai) Egg High Molecular Weight Protease Inhibitor Against Papain and Cathepsin

( Ustadi ),( Sang Guan You ),( Sang Moo Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2006 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.16 No.4

Immuno-stimulatory Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides Isolated from Codium fragile on Interleukin-1β Gene Expression in Olive Flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus

Yang, Yong,You, Sang Guan,Hong, Suhee The Korean Society of Marine Life Science 2017 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Sulfated polysaccharides are known to be immune-stimulators in mammals and can be used as food additives to enhance immunity. In this study, the immune-stimulating activity of water-soluble anionic macromolecules F₂ fractionation isolated from Codium fragile using ion-exchange chromatography was tested in olive flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus, in vitro and in vivo. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β was adopted to check the immune-affection. As a result, in vitro study revealed that the expression of IL-1β was significantly upregulated in head kidney cells by 1 and 5 ㎍/ml of polysaccharides 4 h and by 5 ㎍/ml of polysaccharides at 24 h. In vivo, IL-1β gene expression in head kidney was significantly upregulated by 20 and 100 ㎍ of the polysaccharides at day 1 post-i.p. injection, while downregulated at day 3 but not significant. Meanwhile, in peritoneal cells, it was upregulated by 20 ㎍ of the polysaccharides at day 1 but the upregulation was sustained until day 3 though it was not significant. These results indicate that the sulfated polysaccharides from C. fragile are an immune-stimulator and might be potential feed additives for olive flounder.

Colloidal stability and in vitro permeation study of poly(e-caprolactone) nanocapsules containing hinokitiol

Hyang Hee Joo,Hyeon Yong Lee,You Sang Guan,김진철 한국공업화학회 2008 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.14 No.5

Nanocapsules containing hinokitiol (HKL) were prepared by an emulsion-diffusion method. Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), synthesized according to a ring opening method, was used as a wall material, and HKL dissolved in octyl salicylate (OS) was use as a core material. In an emulsification step in preparing nanocapsules, three kinds of emulsifiers were employed, namely cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), gelatin. On a transmission electron microscope, the size was hundreds of nanometers. According to the results of pHdependent microelectrophoresis, the absolute value of the surface potential of the nanocapsules prepared using either CTAC or SLS was greater than 20 mV. In case the nanocapsules were prepared using the mixture of CTAC and gelatin, the value was between 0 mV and 20 mV. The nanocapsules prepared by using either CTAC or SLS were stable in terms of size over the pH range of 3–11. However, the nanocapsules prepared using the mixture of CTAC and gelatin was not stable in size over the same pH range. Following the results of in vitro permeation experiment, the nanocapsules enhanced the permeation of HKL. Especially, the nanocapsules prepared using SLS was prominent in promoting the permeation. This is probably because that SLS act as a permeation enhancer. However, the nanocapsules themselves hardly penetrated into hairless mouse skin, which was observed on a confocal laser scanning microscope.

Structural elucidation and macrophage stimulation of polysaccharides isolated from Kaempferia parviflora

Dong Ki Lee,Ge Yuan Fei,Sang Guan You 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10

해조류 효소가수분해물질로부터 정제한 저분자 Peptide의 기능성

이정민(Jung Min Lee),유상권(Sang Guan You),김상무(Sang Moo Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2005 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.34 No.8

동해안 특산 해조류의 식품 또는 의약품재료로의 이용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 소화효소(pepsin)로 가수분해한 다음 저분자 peptide를 정제하여 여러 가지 기능성을 연구하였다. 쇠미역, 파래 및 지누아리의 효소가수분해물은 Bio-Rad P2 gel chromatography 상에서 3개의 peptide peak를 나타내었으나 김은 2개의 peak를 나타내었다. 항산화활성은 김 peak 1이 가장 높았으며 그 다음으로 김 peak 2 및 쇠미역 peak 2 순으로 높았다. ACE 저해활성은 김 peak 1, 파래 peak 3 및 peak 2 순으로 높았으며, 항갈변활성은 김 peak 1 및 2, 파래 peak 2가 가장 높았으며 그 다음으로 파래 peak 3이 높았다. 항암(종양)활성은 파래 peak 1이 가장 높았으며 그 다음으로 쇠미역 peak 2, 파래 peak 3, 지누아리 peak 3 순으로 높았다. 전반적으로는 김의 기능성이 가장 뛰어났으며, 이는 가장 높은 단백질함량을 가지고 있는 것도 한 이유라고 판단되며, 앞으로 저분자 peptide의 구조분석 및 아미노산 sequence의 규명도 필요하다고 본다. Functional activities of low molecular weight substances purified from pepsin hydrolysates of four different seaweeds; Costaria costata, Enteromorpha prolifera, Grateloupia filicina and Porphyra tenera, were investigated. Each pepsin hydrolysate of Costaria costata, Enteromorpha prolifera, and Grateloupia filicina resulted in three peptide peaks on Bio-Rad P2 gel chromatography pattern, while that of Porphyra tenera showed 2 peaks. Peak 1 of Porphyra tenera showed the highest antioxidative activity followed by peak 2 of Porphyra tenera and peak 2 of Costaria costata in order. Peak 1 of Porphyra tenera showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity followed by peak 3 and peak 2 of Enteromorpha prolifera in order. Peak 1 and peak 2 of Porphyra tenera, and peak 2 of Enteromorpha prolifera showed the highest antityrosinase activity followed by peak 3 of Enteromorpha prolifera. Peak 1 of Enteromorpha prolifera showed the highest antitumor activity followed by peak 2 of Costaria costata, peak 3 of Enteromorpha prolifera, and peak 3 of Grateloupia filicina in order. Porphyra tenera showed the highest functional activities, which is thought to be due to its high protein content. Structure and amino acid sequence of low molecular weight peptide of Porphyra tenera should be analyzed in the further study.

Molecular Characterization and Biological Activities of Water-soluble Sulfated Polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera

Cho, Myoung-Lae,Yang, Chen,Kim, Sang-Moo,You, Sang-Guan 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.2

Sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Enteromorpha prolifera and fractionated using ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography were investigated to determine their molecular characteristics and biological activities. The crude and fractionated polysaccharides ($F_1$, $F_2$, and $F_3$) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (50.8-62.5%), sulfates (14.5-18.8%), and uronic acid (13.8-16.6%) with different levels of monosaccharides, including rhamnose (57.1-87.6%), glucose (3.6-39.1%), and xylose (2.4-8.8%). The protein content ranged from 1.0 to 13.9 %, and after the fractionation, most proteins were included in the F2 fraction (11.3%). The crude, $F_1$, $F_2$, and $F_3$ exhibited the molecular weights (Mw) of $37-1,281{\times}10^3\;g/mol$. The polysaccharides had no significant direct cytotoxicity to cancer cells AGS or DLD-1. On the other hand, the $F_1$ and $F_2$ stimulated Raw 264.7 cells to produce a considerable amount of nitric oxide (NO). The investigation of $F_2$ subfractions failed to reveal a specific subfraction more significantly affecting the NO production, thus requiring further systematic elucidation of their structural characteristics.

Colloidal stability and <i>in vitro</i> permeation study of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) nanocapsules containing hinokitiol

Joo, Hyang Hee,Lee, Hyeon Yong,Guan, You Sang,Kim, Jin-Chul Elsevier 2008 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.14 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Nanocapsules containing hinokitiol (HKL) were prepared by an emulsion-diffusion method. Poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL), synthesized according to a ring opening method, was used as a wall material, and HKL dissolved in octyl salicylate (OS) was use as a core material. In an emulsification step in preparing nanocapsules, three kinds of emulsifiers were employed, namely cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), gelatin. On a transmission electron microscope, the size was hundreds of nanometers. According to the results of pH-dependent microelectrophoresis, the absolute value of the surface potential of the nanocapsules prepared using either CTAC or SLS was greater than 20mV. In case the nanocapsules were prepared using the mixture of CTAC and gelatin, the value was between 0mV and 20mV. The nanocapsules prepared by using either CTAC or SLS were stable in terms of size over the pH range of 3–11. However, the nanocapsules prepared using the mixture of CTAC and gelatin was not stable in size over the same pH range. Following the results of <I>in vitro</I> permeation experiment, the nanocapsules enhanced the permeation of HKL. Especially, the nanocapsules prepared using SLS was prominent in promoting the permeation. This is probably because that SLS act as a permeation enhancer. However, the nanocapsules themselves hardly penetrated into hairless mouse skin, which was observed on a confocal laser scanning microscope.</P>