일반논문 1 : 김종익의 유언과 경성여자의학전문학교 설립과정

백운기 ( Woon Ki Paik ),김상덕 ( Sang Duk Kim ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2011 연세의사학 Vol.14 No.1

Dr. Rosetta Hall, an American missionary physician, and Dr. Jeong-hee Gil, a young Korean physician, founded the Joseon (Keijo) Women`s Training Institute in 1928. Between 1933 and 1937, Dr. Gil and her husband, Dr. Kim Tak-won, maintained and financed the medical institute. Supporting the institute placed a heavy burden on the young doctors who were just establishing their private medical practice. Despite this burden, they undertook the work necessary to elevate the institute to a full medical college. In order to generate the substantial funds needed to establish the medical college, they created a foundation for the “creation of a women`s medical college” in 1934 and solicited funding. In 1937, a philanthropist interested in furthering education, Mr. Kim Jong-ik, agreed to donate the funding necessary to elevate the institute to a medical college. Mr. Kim, however, unexpectedly contracted dysentery and died. In his will, Mr. Kim bequeathed a portion of his estate to upgrading the institute to a medical college. The executor, contrary to Mr. Kim`s intent as set forth in his will, however, did not use the funds to elevate the institute, but rather established a completely new women`s medial college. The executor`s actions were a clear violation of Drs. Kim`s and Gil`s legal rights as beneficiaries under the will. They, nonetheless, accepted the outcome, because challenging the executor`s actions under Japanese rule would have been futile as Dr. Kim was a noted anti-Japanese patriot well known to the Japanese. Moreover, Sato Gozo had been Dr. Kim`s teacher at the Keijo Medical College. Most importantly, their dream of establishing a women`s medical college in Korea had been realized regardless of how. Regardless of whether the institute had been elevated to a medical college or not, Drs. Kim Tak-won and Gil Jeong-hee made great sacrifices to further the education of women medical doctors in Korea and should be recognized for their great contributions to the creation of Korea Women`s Medical College.

Comparison of Characteristics of Soybean Varieties Grown in a Green House and open Field for Leaf Use

Kim, Yong_Duk,Yang, Young_Taek,Kim, Kyung_Ho,Kim, Sung_Taek,Kang, Hyoung_Shick 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Jeju islanders consume soybean leaves as a wrapping for slices of raw fish and pork, eating mainly the young, raw, but fully extended leaf. These leaves are known to contain several kinds of functioning compounds, such as amino acids, isoflavones, flavonoids and pterocarpans. Farmers grow soybean leaves, but different soybean varieties and their characteristics for soybean leaf production have not been studied. Therefore, this study compared agronomic characteristics and iso flavones among varieties grown in a green house and in an open field. The results were as follows: There were differences in agronomic characteristics among the varieties and between places grown; generally, indoor growing produced bigger and more abundant leaves of higher quality. There were also differences in isoflavone contents in soybean leaves. Soybean leaves harvested earlier contained higher amounts in total concentration. Plants grown outside showed slightly higher but, different concentrations of the compunds studied. These results indicate that it is possible to control the isoflavone levels with varieties used, and harvest time and place.

The level of urinary aflatoxin M1 in Korean adults

Yong-Dae Kim1, Hyojin Kwon, Sun-In Moon, Sang-Yong Eom, Jung-Duk Park, Byung-Sun Choi, Seok-Joon Sohn, Young-Seoub Hong, Ho Kim, Ho-Jang Kwon, Ji-Ae Lim, Hae-Jung Yoon, Gwang-Jin Kim, Heon Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Competitive ELISA methods were used to measure the level of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) from urine in 1008 Korean adults. Subjects were selected by random sampling in all areas of Korea, except Cheju-do. The recovery rate of AFM1 using this method was 105% (73-124%). The geometric mean of urinary AFM1 in all subjects was 3.43 pg/mL (3.67 ng/g creatinine). The level of AFM1 in males was statistically higher, compared with female subjects. However, the levels of AFM1 did not differ according to age. Subjects in Chungbuk-do showed the highest urinary AFM1 concentration, whereas subjects in Kyeongnam-do showed the lowest concentration. Assuming an excretion rate of 5%, this AFM1 excretion corresponds to approximately 0.1 microgram/day in Korean adults.

경성여자의학전문학교 창립의 주체였던 김탁원,길정희부부는 왜 실제 설립 과정에서 제외되었는가?

백운기 ( Woon Kee Baik ),김상덕 ( Sang Duk Kim ) 연세대학교 의과대학 의사학과 의학사연구소 2010 연세의사학 Vol.13 No.1

Chosun (a.k.a. Keijo) Women``s Medical Training Institute was founded in 1928 as a joint effort between an American missionary physician named Dr. Rosetta Sherwood Hall and one of Korea’s first female physicians, Dr. Kil Chung-Hee. In 1932, in anticipation of her retirement, Dr. Hall transferred full responsibility for the Institute to Dr. Kil and her husband Dr. Kim Taik-Won, a neuropsychiatrist. Unfortunately, following Dr. Hall``s departure to America in 1933, funding from Dr. Hall’s missionary society was discontinued. This prompted an evacuation of the Institute’s lecture halls and teaching laboratories. As a result of this change in finances, the Institute’s operations were transported to, and maintained exclusively at, Drs. Kim and Kil``s private residence. During this interim period, the institute was sustained financially by this husband and wife team. In addition to these new found financial difficulties, there were ongoing political hardships. In an effort to alleviate these various difficulties, the couple decided to pursue the task of upgrading the Institute to a standard medical college. As a first step toward this goal, in 1934, the couple established a foundation for the “creation of a women``s medical college”. This undertaking (i.e., the creation of a medical college) required a large amount of funding. Therefore, the couple became actively engaged in the solicitation of funding for this purpose. In 1937, an education philanthropist named Mr. Kim Chong-Ik agreed to donate substantial funds for the purpose of establishing the women’s medical college. As fate would have it, however, / 49 he unexpectedly contracted dysentery and died suddenly. The application for the creation of a women``s medical college was filed and approved in 1938 by the Japanese Governor-General. Thus, the first class of students in the newly created medical college was enrolled on May 1, 1938. Curiously, however, neither Dr. Kim nor Dr. Kil was named in the charter. Although one could presuppose various reasons to explain how this omission occurred, there is one undeniable aspect of history that makes clear and cogent sense in this regard. It is now known that Dr. Kim was a leading activist for Korean independence from Japan during the 1920’s and 1930’s. He was regarded as an agitator by the Japanese occupation government and viewed as an undesirable, rebellious, anti-Japanese element. The South Korean government, in recognition of his heroic deeds during that period of Japanese occupation, posthumously awarded the Ae-Jok Jan(humanitarian award) to Dr. Kim Taik-Won on August 15, 2007. On July 4, 2008, his remains were subsequently transferred, along with his professional partner and wife Dr. Kil Chung-Hee, to the Korean National Cemetery in Daejon, South Korea. If one considers the political climate that existed in Korea in the late 1930’s under Japanese occupation, it stands to reason that any medical college application that included an anti-Japanese activist such as Kim Taik-Won would be doomed to fail. I believe that the absence of Drs. Kim Taik-Won and Kil Chung-Hee’s names from the medical college charter was a rational, politically motivated act of omission.

Swiprosin-1 Expression Is Up-Regulated through Protein Kinase $C-{\theta}$ and $NF-{\kappa}B$ Pathway in T Cells

Kim, Young-Dae,Kwon, Min-Sung,Na, Bo-Ra,Kim, Hye-Ran,Lee, Hyun-Su,Jun, Chang-Duk The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.2

Swiprosin-1 exhibits the highest expression in $CD8^+$ T cells and immature B cells and has been proposed to play a role in lymphocyte biology through actin remodeling. However, regulation of swiprosin-1 gene expression is poorly understood. Here we report that swiprosin-1 is up-regulated in T cells by PKC pathway. Targeted inhibition of the specific protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes by siRNA revealed that $PKC-{\theta}$ is involved in the expression of swiprosin-1 in the human T cells. In contrast, down-regulation of swiprosin-1 by A23187 or ionomycin suggests that calcium-signaling plays a negative role. Interestingly, swiprosin-1 expression is only reduced by treatment with $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitors but not by NF-AT inhibitor, suggesting that the $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway is critical for regulation of swiprosin-1 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that swiprosin-1 is a $PKC-{\theta}$-inducible gene and that it may modulate the late phase of T cell activation after antigen challenge.

Baumann Skin Type in the Korean Female Population

( Sung Ku Ahn ),( Myungsoo Jun ),( Hana Bak ),( Byung Duk Park ),( Seung Phil Hong ),( Sang-Hoon Lee ),( Seong-Jin Kim ),( Hyung Joo Kim ),( Dong Hoon Song ),( Pok Kee Min ),( Ja Woong Goo ),( Tae-Hyu 대한피부과학회 2017 Annals of Dermatology Vol.29 No.5

Background: To meet the need for a subspecialized skin type system, the Baumann skin type (BST) system was proposed. Objective: To evaluate the distribution of BST types and influencing factors among Korean women. Methods: BST questionnaires were administered to 1,000 Korean women. The possible responses were as follows: oily (O) or dry (D), sensitive (S) or resistant (R), pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (N), and wrinkled (W) or tight (T). The correlations of the BST with the subjects` age, location, ultraviolet (UV) ray exposure, drinking and smoking habits, and blood type were assessed. Results: The OSNT, DSNT, DRNT, and OSNW skin types were the most common skin types (55.3%). The O, S, P, and W types accounted for 46.6%, 68.8%, 23.2%, and 31.9%, respectively. The proportion of the O and S type was the highest in Gyeongsangbuk-do (55.0%) and Seoul (77.2%). The proportion of the P and W type was the highest in Gyeongsangbuk-do (33.0%) and Chungcheong-do (39.0%). The O type decreased in the higher age group, whereas the P and W type showed a reversed tendency. In smokers, the proportion of W type was significantly higher than in the non-smokers (66.3% vs. 24.1%, p<0.05). Conclusion: The 4 most common BST types were OSNT, DSNT, DRNT, and OSNW. In the comparison across the 4 BST parameters according to the age, region, smoking and drinking habits, occupation, blood type, and UV exposure, significant differences were observed. Individualized and customized skin care is required according to the personal skin type. (Ann Dermatol 29(5) 586∼596, 2017)

Pentacene OTFT's with PVA Pentacene OTFTs with PVA Gate Insulators on a Flexible Substrate

Sung Hun Jin,Byung-Gook Park,Chun An Lee,Jae Sung Yu,Jin Wook Kim,Jong Duk Lee 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.44 No.1

The characteristics of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and cross-linked PVA were analyzed in terms of the leakage current, the dielectric constant, and the immunity against moisture. For a crosslinked PVA, the leakage current at the same electric eld was two orders of magnitude smaller than it was for PVA. Furthermore, the dielectric constant of cross-linked PVA was a little smaller and was less susceptible to changes in the frequency than that of PVA. However, organic thin lm transistors (OTFTs) with cross-linked PVA show unsaturated output characteristics even at a drain bias of ..50 V. Inserting a poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) buer layer overcame the unsaturated output characteristics of OTFTs with cross-linked PVA gate insulators. In addition, the on-off current ratio, the subthreshold slope, and the threshold voltage were noticeably improved after the buer-layer insertion.

The Role of PARylation in Porcine Cumulus-oocyte Complex during In Vitro Maturation

Duk Hyoun Kim,Su Jin Jin,Min Gyeong Kim,Jun Sung Lee,Hoon Taek Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is related to DNA repair, chromatin modification, and apoptosis and catalyzed by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Recent studies have shown that PARylation affects preimplantation development and autophagy mechanism in pig embryos. However, the role of PARylation during in vitro maturation (IVM) has not yet been investigated. To study the effect of PARylation, cumulus-oocyte complexes were cultured with 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA, PARP inhibitor) during IVM. Nuclear maturation of oocytes were showed no significant difference in all stages (GV, MI, MII), but full expansion of cumulus cell was significantly decreased (11.05±1.09 vs. 48.40±0.67%) in 3-ABA treatment group. To evaluate mRNA levels of maturation and expansion related genes, we analyzed 3-ABA treated oocytes and cumulus cells. GDF- 9, BMP15, COX-2, PTX3 expression were upregulated but levels of HAS2, TNFAIP6 were downregulated in treatment group. To evaluate the effect of PARP inhibitior on embryo development and blastocyst quality, we experimented parthenogenetic activation (PA). As a results, the developmental rate of PA embryos was significantly decreased in 3-ABA group. Furthermore, TUNEL index (4.80±0.66 vs. 2.42±0.35) and total apoptotic index (6.44±0.81 vs. 3.08±0.51) was significantly increased, while Total cell number was decreased (41.12±2.10 vs. 50.38±2.27). Therefore, these results suggested that PARylation plays an important role in IVM of porcine oocytes.

전라남도 해남 "해창(海倉) 주조장(酒糟醬)" 일본정원의 공간구성원리 및 특성에 관한 연구

( Sang Beom Kim ),( Yong Seok Yun ),( Duk Sam Kim ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2011 Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landsca Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 1920년대에 일본인에 의해 조성되어 현재에 이르고 있는 ``해창 주조장 정원``을 대상으로 일본식 정원의 공간적 특징을 밝혀, 문화 공간적 재활용과 나아가 근대문화유산으로서의 일본식 정원의 가치를 판단하는데 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 본 정원의 주건물은 신전을 모신 곳과2층 계단, 사면에 걸쳐 조성된 넓은 창, 미닫이문 등을 통해 일본식 건물임을 알 수 있으며, 특히 쇼인자시키(書院座敷)의 특징적 건축물로서, 서원조정원 건축양식으로 조성 된 점이 확인된다. 더불어 건물 내부에서 바라본 관찰자 시점에서 축산(築山) 을 연못과 함께 정원의 주경관으로 보이게끔 의도화한 것으로 보인다. 또한, 정원 중심부에 못을 파고, 다리를 놓고, 못 주위를 돌아다니며 감상하는 회유임천형(回遊林泉型) 정원으로 조성된 점, 그리고 앞산인 형제산을 차경요소로 도입한 점 등이 눈에 띄는 형식적 특성으로 보인다. 건물 전면의 정원은 현관에서 이르는 진입공간을 지나면서 시작되는데, 동쪽에 마운딩 처리된 교토오산을 형상화한 것은 시각적 강조요소이면서 정원을 구성하는 주요 모티프이자 컨셉(concept)으로 이해된다. 이 때 교토오산은 제l산을 시작으로 시계방향으로 5개의 마운딩 처리된 산 형태의 조형공간 구성으로 정원에 표현되는 인간과 자연과의 이상적 관계 및 고향을 그리워하는 정서를 반영한 것으로 보인다. 이렇듯 마운딩조성을 통한 오산의 조성으로 일본정원 축산 즉 석가산의 규범적인 조영실태를 찾을 수 있는데, 이는 세계문화유산으로 지정된 나라시대의 헤이조큐【平城宮】 도인테이엔【東院庭園】 즉, 도인정원의 축산을 근거로 조성된 것으로 추정된다. 또한 일본 고유 정원에 연못을 도입하고, 그 가운데 수미산을 만들어 세우는 등 불교에서 말하는 이상세계를 정원에 압축함으로써 작은 정원 공간에서 선의 경지를 추구한 것으로 보인다. 더불어 해창 주조장 정원에서는 이끼정원으로서의 면모와 일본 고유의 조경 수목 그리고 생태적 식물 궁합(宮合)을 반영한 생태적 식재의도가 잘 드러나 있다. This study aimed at uncovered the spacial features of a Japanese-type garden targeted to "Haechang Joojojang" created by a Japanese in the 1920s and handed down to date, and being used as basic data including the value of the Japanese garden for cultural and spacial recycling and as a modern cultural legacy. The main building of this garden can be found to be a Japanese-style building through the enshrined place, 2 story staircases, the wide window created in all sides, and the sliding doors, and especially, confirmed to be a characteristic structure of Shoinjasaki(書院座敷), which was built in a style of Seoweonjojeongweon architecture. In addition, it is understood that Chuksan(築山) was designed as intended to be seen as a main garden along with the lake from the observer`s point of view seen from inside the building. Also Remarkably formal features include creation as a Excursion forest spring type garden looking around with a lank dug and a bridge set up at the center of the garden and introduction of the frint mountain, Hyeongjesan as a background scenery factor. The garden in front of the building starts at the position passing the entry space extending to the main door, and shaping mounding treated Kyotosan to the east is grasped as a visual emphasis, and main motif and concept composing the garden, when the Kyotosan is seen as reflecting ideal relation with human and nature expressed at the garden composed of formative space with 5 mounding treated maintain forms clockwise, and the emotions missing the hometown. Likewise, creating Osan through developing mounding can find out the normative building status of Japanese garden`s Chuksan, that is, Seokgasan, which is assumed that it was built based on the Chuksan of Heijoque[平城宮] Doindeien[東院庭園], namely, Doin Garden designated as a world cultural legacy. Also it seems to have pursued the condition of Zen by pressing an ideal world in Buddhism at the garden like introducing a lake at Japanese inherent garden, making and erecting Sumisan in the center. In addition, Haechang Joojojang Garden reveals an ecological planting intention incorporating the aspect as a moss garden, Japanese innate landscape architectural trees and ecological plants` marital harmony.

Gene flow from transgenic soybean, developed to obtain recombinant proteins for use in the skin care industry, to non-transgenic soybean

Kim Do Young,Eom Min Sik,Kim Hye Jin,Ko Eun Mi,Pack In-Soon,Park Jung-Ho,박기웅,Nam Kyong-Hee,Oh Sung Duk,Kim Jae Kwang,Seo Ju Seok,Kim Chang-Gi 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.63 No.5

Soybean has been recognized as a useful platform for heterologous protein production. This study compared the pollen characteristics of transgenic and non-transgenic soybean and investigated the rate of gene flow from transgenic soybean events, developed to obtain recombinant proteins (such as human epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, or thioredoxin) for use in the skin care industry, to non-transgenic soybean under field conditions, and determined the distance at which gene flow could occur. The lack of significant differences in pollen grain size, viability and pollen germination rates between transgenic and non-transgenic cultivars indicates that the overexpression of transgenes did not alter pollen characteristics in soybean. The highest rates of gene flow from the three transgenic soybean events to non-transgenic soybean ranged from 0.22 to 0.46% at the closest distance (0.5 m). Gene flow was observed up to 13.1 m from the transgenic plots. Our data fell within the ranges reported in the literature and indicate that an isolation distance greater than at least 13 m from transgenic soybean is required to prevent within-crop gene flow in soybean. As the potential markets for transgenic crops as a recombinant protein factory increase, gene flow from transgenic to non-transgenic conventional crops will become a key decision factor for policy makers during the approval process of transgenic crops. Our study may provide useful baseline data for the prevention of transgenic soybean seed contamination caused by transgene flow.