Morin Protects Acute Liver Damage by Carbon Tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) in Rat

Lee, Hee-Seung,Jung, Kyung-Hee,Hong, Sang-Won,Park, In-Sub,Lee, Chong-Mu,Han, Hyo-Kyung,Lee, Don-Haeng,Hong, Soon-Sun 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.9

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible beneficial effects of morin on $CCl_4$-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats received a single dose of $CCl_4$ ($150{\mu}L$/100 g 1:1 in corn oil). Morin treatment (20 mg/kg) was given at 48, 24, and 2 h before $CCl_4$ administration. $CCl_4$ challenge elevated serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, but these effects were prevented by the pretreatment of rats with morin. To identify the mechanism of protective activity of morin in $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we investigated expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). The expressions of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and iNOS were increased by $CCl_4$ treatment and increased expressions of those were decreased by morin. These findings suggest that morin prevents acute liver damage by inhibiting the production of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and iNOS.

Control of IPMC-based Artificial Muscle for Myoelectric Hand Prosthesis

Lee Myoung-Joon,Jung Sung-Hee,Moon Inhyuk,Lee Sukmin,Mun Mu-Seong The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2005 의공학회지 Vol.26 No.5

This paper proposes an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) based artificial muscle to be applicable to the Myoelectric hand prosthesis. The IPMC consists of a thin polymer membrane with metal electrodes plated chemically on both faces, and it is widely applying to the artificial muscle because it is driven by relatively low input voltage. The control commands for the IPMC-based artificial muscle is given by electromyographic (EMG) signals obtained from human forearm. By an intended contraction of the human flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles, we investigated the actuation behavior of the IPMC-based artificial muscle. To obtain higher actuation force of the IPMC, the single layered as thick as $800[{\mu}m]$ or multi-layered IPMC of which each layer can be as thick as $178[{\mu}m]$ are prepared. As a result, the bending force was up to the maximum 12[gf] from 1[gf] by actuating the single layered IPMC with $178[{\mu}m]$, but the bending displacement was reduced to 6[mm] from 30[mm]. The experimental results using an implemented IPMC control system show a possibility and a usability of the bio-mimetic artificial muscle.

UHF RFID 태그 칩용 저전력, 저면적 비동기식 EEPROM 설계

백승면,이재형,송성영,김종희,박문훈,하판봉,김영희,Baek, Seung-Myun,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Song, Sung-Young,Kim, Jong-Hee,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.12

본 논문에서는 $0.18{\mu}m$의 EEPROM cell을 사용하여 수동형 UHF RFID 태그 칩에 사용되는 저전력, 저면적의 1Kbits 비동기식 EEPROM IP를 설계하였다. 저면적 회로 설계 기술로는 $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM 공정을 이용하여 비동기식 EEPROM IP를 설계하므로 command buffer와 address buffer를 제거하였고 separate I/O 방식을 사용하므로 tri-state 데이터 출력 버퍼(data output buffer)를 제거하였다. 그리고 저전압(low voltage)의 VDD에서 EEPROM cell이 필요로 하는 고전압(high voltage)인 VPP와 VPPL 전압을 안정적으로 공급하기 위해 기존의 PN 접합 다이오드 대신 Schottky 다이오드를 사용한 Dickson 전하펌프를 설계하므로 전하펌프의 펌핑단(pumping stage)의 수를 줄여 전하펌프가 차지하는 면적을 줄였다. 저전력 회로 설계 기술로 Dickson 전하 펌프(charge pump)를 이용하여 VPP generator를 만들고 Dickson 전하펌프의 임의의 노드 전압을 이용하여 프로그램과 지우기 모드에서 각각 필요로 하는 VPPL 전압을 선택하도록 하게 해주는 VPPL 전원 스위칭 회로를 제안하여 쓰기전류(write current)를 줄이므로 저전력 EEPROM IP를 구현하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$ 공정을 이용하여 설계된 비동기식 EEPROM용 테스트 칩은 제작 중에 있으며, 비동기식 1Kbits EEPROM의 레이아웃 면적은 $554.8{\times}306.9{\mu}m2$로 동기식 1Kbits EEPROM에 비해 레이아웃면적을 11% 정도 줄였다. In this paper, a low-power and small-area asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM for passive UHF RFID tag chips is designed with $0.18{\mu}m$ EEPROM cells. As small area solutions, command and address buffers are removed since we design asynchronous I/O interface and data output buffer is also removed by using separate I/O. To supply stably high voltages VPP and VPPL used in the cell array from low voltage VDD, Dickson charge pump is designed with schottky diodes instead of a PN junction diodes. On that account, we can decrease the number of stages of the charge pump, which can decrease layout area of charge pump. As a low-power solution, we can reduce write current by using the proposed VPPL power switching circuit which selects each needed voltage at either program or write mode. A test chip of asynchronous 1 kilobit EEPROM is fabricated, and its layout area is $554.8{\times}306.9{\mu}m2$., 11% smaller than its synchronous counterpart.

오존처리에 의한 형광증백제의 처리시 반응속도론적 연구

이무강,박성배 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1995 環境硏報 Vol.5 No.1

The experiment of this study was carried out to understand for the decomposition reaction of Amsonic acid(fluoricent dye) by Ozone. The Self-decomposition rate constant(kd) of dissolved ozone in the aqueous solution at pH 3,7,11 were determined as 0.016, 0.07, 0.224min-1, respectively. The Amsonic acid was more easily decomposed in the alkali region thane that of acid, since the ozone molecules produce the ·OH radical at alkali region. The COD removal ate was able to obtain up to 70% after 5 min. of ozonation time at pH 11. The aqueous solution was treated with ozone in 5 min. at pH 11, after the pH of solution was down to pH 7. In order to reduce the COD, the treated solution was carried out to experiment with the batch activated sludge process. The results of reaction was obtained approximately to 40% of COD removcal rate after 15days. Ozonation is capable of decomposing the highly structured dye molecules into smaller ones which can be easily biodegraded in batch activated sludge process.

二中心 H¨uckel M.O.法에 의한 알코올類의 電子密度와 結合 Energy에 대한 硏究

李武相,李善行 慶北大學校 師範大學 1977 敎育硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

The electron densities and bond energies for alcohol derivatives are calculated by Two-Center Hu¨ckel M.O. method. Inductive effect for the long-chain alkyl or alkoxy substituents of alcohol does not occur. The branched amine-substituted alcohols have less inductive effect than the unbranched one. The more bulky the alkyl group of alcohols is, the less the C-H and C-C bond energies have. It is also concluded that the N-H bond of amine-substituted alcohols has a strong reactivity because of its weak bond force, and the O-H bond energies of alkoxy substituents are constant owing to the high electron affinity of their own oxygen atom. Almost no relationship occur between the S_N 2 reactivity of alkyl group and the electron densities of the α-carbon atom of alcohols or the bond energies of the O-H bond because the alcohol derivatives have steric effect.

LAS含有都市下水의 塔式生物膜-活性汚泥混合工程에 依한 處理

李武康,崔基園,林成眞 慶星大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.11 No.3

When the synthetic wastewater including surfactant(LAS) is treated by a series TF-AS system, the results are obtained as follows; 1) It takes approximately 30 days from beginning operation to stabilize effluent concentration of each reactors under LAS conc. condition of 20,200 mg/ℓ. The above test results show that the COD removal rate is 85%, 65% in the TF reactor and 80%, 70% in the AS reactor. Therefore tatal COD removal rate is abtained 97%, 90% in the TF-AS reactors. 2) In order to obtain COD removal rate 70% above from TF reactor, the max. conditions are needed hydraulic loading 3.75ℓ/㎡ COD loading 2.55g/㎡ㆍd, LAS conc. 100 ㎎/ℓ. 3) When hydraulic loading is changed in the treatment of synthetic wastewater (LAS 20㎎/ℓ), the results are came out; Specific constant of media, n is 0.23 and Specific constant of wastewater, k'is 1.38 and the optimum parameter of the design in the TF reactors, k, k₃ is 2.813, 85.87. 4) COD removal rate of a series TF-AS system is obtained 90% over under the condition of the LAS concentration range(20㎎/ℓ-200㎎/ℓ)and also it is founded out that the more LAS concentration is added, the lower COD removal rate becomes. This makes as conclude the surfactant(LAS) causes microbial growth to be hindered by foam covered over biological film.

남강의 부착규조 군집을 이용한 유기오탁 판정

이호원,박문근,김은희,강현무,이상명 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 2002 硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

함양군, 산청군, 하동군, 진주시, 의령군에 걸쳐 흐르는 5개 정점의 남강 지류를 1998년 1월, 4월, 7월, 10월에 각각 부착규조 군집를 이용하여 수질을 평가하였다. 조사결과 2목, 3아목, 7과, 27속, 117종 16변종으로 총 133 분류군의 부착규조가 분류되었다. 전체 출현한 133분류군 가운데 호청수성종이 28(21.1%)종, 호오탁성종이 12(9.0%)종, 광적응성종이 93(69.9%)종으로 나타났다. DAIpo 값은 상류에서 하류로 내려갈수록 값이 낮아지며, 정점 1에서 3까지는 β-빈부수성이고, 정점 4는 α-빈부수성이며, 정점 5는 β-중부수성으로 측정되었다. 전반적인 우점종은 Gomphonema quadripunctatum, G. clevei, Achnanthes minutissima, Cymbella affinis 등이었다. 중·상류에서는 Achnanthes convergens와 A. minutissima 등이 우점 분류군이었다. To assess for water quality in terms of the epilithic diatom community of the Nam River, which wind through Hamyang, Sanchong, Uiryeong and Hadong-gun, Chinju City, all in Kyongnam Province, Korea. Samples were collected from five sampling stations in January, April, July and October, 1998, respectively. A total of 133 diatom taxa was collected from the study sites, which were classified into 117 species and 16 varieties belonging to 27 genera, 7 families, 3 suborders and 2 orders; 28 saproxenous taxa, 12 saprophilous taxa, 93 indifferent taxa. DAIpo values decreased as going to lower course and according to degree of tolerance to organic water pollution, from 1 to 3 stations ranged from β-oligosaprobic, 4 station from α-oligosaprobic, 5 station from β-mesosaprobic. Normally the dominant species were Gomphonema quadripunctatum, G. clevei, Achnanthes minutissima and Cymbella affinis. Such as A. convergens and A. minutissima were found dominant as in the mid-to-upper streams.

송화분이 고지방 식이 섭취 흰쥐의 혈청과 간장에 미치는 영향

이영주,박무희,황성원,배만종,한준표 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1994 식품과학지 Vol.6 No.-

6주간 고지방식이를 섭취한 흰쥐에 있어 송화분과 탈지 송화분이 혈청과 간장에서의 지방 축적과 대사에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 혈청에서의 total lipid, total cholesterol 농도는 고지방 식이군에 비해서 탈지 송화분과 송화분 투여군이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청에서의 triglyceride 농도는 탈지 송화분과 송화분 투여군이 고지방 식이군과 비교했을 때 뚜렷한 감소를 보였으며, 이는 정상군과 비슷한 농도를 나타내었다. 혈당농도는 송화분, 탈지 송화분 투여군에서 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 간장을 조직학적으로 관찰한 결과, 고지방식이로 인한 조직의 지방 침착은 송화분 투여군에서 다소 억제함을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 송화분은 동맥경화증 및 순환기계 질환의 예방과 치료에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. Effect of pine pollen and defatted pine pollen on lipid accumulation and metabolism in serum and liver were investigated with rats fed high fat-supplemented diets for 6 weeks. Concentrations of total lipid and total cholesterol in serum significantly decreased in the experimental groups(treated with pine pollen and defatted pine pollen) compared with the control group. Concentration of triglyceride in serum was remarkably lower than that of control group. This was similar to that of normal group. Concentration of glucose in serum was significantly lower in the experimental group. It was observed from photographs of hepatic tissue in rats that pine pollen inhibits the lipid accumulation induced by high fat diets.

Cis, cis-1,5-Cyclooctadiene Conformer들의 상대적 안정도에 관한 연구

李武相,金聖姬 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1987 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

The structure and steric energy of various conformations of cis, cis-1, 5-cyclooctadiene (C_2, C_2h, C_3, D_2) were calculated by molecular mechanics Ⅱ. The four conformations are characterized by different distributions of bond length, bond angle, torsional angle and nonbonded distance. The calculated steric energies of the C_2, C_2h, C_3, and D_2 conformations were 15.453, 16.9331, 16.9337 and 17.9644 ㎉/㏖ respectively. The most favorable calculated conformation of cis, cis-1, 5-cyclooctadiene was a twist boat conformation of C_2 symmetry, in agreement with the experimental evidence.

Cyclobutylsilane의 구조적 안정도

李武相,鄭英美 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1990 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

The molecular structure of cyclobutylsilane, c-C_4H_7SiH_3, has been investigated by molecular mechanics Ⅱ(MM2). Two single conformers(equatorial and axial) were considered. The resulting structural parameters of the equatorial conformer are as follow:Si-C2=1.8649 Å, Si-H7=1.4848 Å, <C2SiH6-110.375˚, <SiC2C3=115.713˚, dihedral angles W_1(SiC2C3C4)=138.122˚ and W_2(SiC2C3H10)=25.019˚. The final steric energies of equatorial and axial conformer was 28.35kcal/mol and 28.84kcal/mol respectively. These results were in excellent agreement with Raman spectra in the gas phase, and gas phase electron diffraction data.