Meta Analysis to Draw the Appropriate Regimen of Enzyme and Probiotic Supplementation to Pigs and Chicken Diets

Ohh, Sang-Jip Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.4

Along with the recent changes in animal feed supply circumstances, many enzyme and probiotic feed supplements have been introduced and applied to pigs and chicken diets. Therefore, both selection of the appropriate feed supplements and their proper supplementation becomes critical to justify the supplementation. Meta-analysis was proposed as an appropriate tool to assess the large amount of relevant information. In this review, reliable data from recent publications was compounded then analyzed to determine the best practice of effective enzyme supplementation from the perspectives of animal species, age, characteristics of feed, target substrates, optimum multi enzymes combination and intended objectives. The results of the analysis suggested pratical methods of probiotic supplementation regarding intestinal microbiota, physiological limitation of probiotics, maximization of the probiotic benefit and synergism with prebiotic supplements.

Chromium Methionine Supplementation Decreases Obesity Indices in Rats

Ohh, Sang-Jip,Kim, Chang-Hyeuk,Shin, Jong-Seo,Sung, Kyung-Il,Kim, Hyun-Sook The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2003 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.8 No.3

This study was conducted to determine the effects of chromium-methionine (CrMet) supplementation at various levels on obesity index, body fat, and serum glucose, insulin and leptin in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups and fed AIN-76 semi-purified basal diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 or 1200 ppb Cr from CrMet. After 4 weeks on the respective diets, the rats were killed and serum glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations were determined. The CrMet supplementation did not affect weight gain, feed intake or feed efficiency ratio, fasting glucose, insulin or leptin levels among treatment groups. Although final body weight in all treatments were not significantly different, naso-anal length was longer in the 1200 ppb CrMet group than those of control or other groups (p<0.05). The lowest obesity index and body fat were observed in the 1200 ppb dietary group (p<0.05). The obesity index of the rats fed 1200 ppb supplemental CrMet was lower than in the other groups. These results suggest that CrMet supplementation results in a significant decrease in obesity index, possibly by decreasing the body fat that corresponded to increasing CrMet dosage.

Effects of forage level and chromium-methionine chelate supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites in Korean native (Hanwoo) steers

Sung, Kyung-Il,Ghassemi Nejad, Jalil,Hong, Seok-Man,Ohh, Sang-Jip,Lee, Bae-Hun,Peng, Jing-Lun,Ji, Do-Hyeon,Kim, Byong-Wan BioMed Central 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.1

<P>A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of chromium methionine (Cr-Met) chelate and forage level over two years, 1<SUP>st</SUP> fattening and 2<SUP>nd</SUP> fattening period on growth parameters, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of 46 Korean native (Hanwoo, Bos Taurus, BW = 183 ± 44 kg) steers. Treatments were: 1) Steers in the low forage (LF) group were fed diets that consisted of 60% concentrate and 40% forage; 2) Steers in the high forage (HF) group were fed diets that consisted of 40% concentrate and 60% forage. Following the 1<SUP>st</SUP> fattening period, steers (BW = 480 ± 37.6 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: LF (40 F plus no Cr-Met supplementation in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> fattening period), LFCM (40LF plus added 400 ppb of Cr-Met during the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> fattening period), HF (60 F plus no added Cr-Met during the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> fattening period) and HFCM (60 F plus added 400 ppb of Cr-Met in the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> fattening period). Dry matter intake of the treatment diets did not differ during the raising and 1<SUP>th</SUP> fattening period (P > 0.05). The ADG in the raising period showed no difference between the 40 F and 60 F groups (P > 0.05). Carcass characteristics including rib-eye area and meat yield index were higher in HF than the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The HF group tended to show a higher (P = 0.08) marbling score than the LF group whereas the HFCM group showed a higher marbling score than the LFCM group (P < 0.05). HDL was higher and LDL lower in groups fed with Cr-Met than in other groups whereas glucose showed the lowest value in HF group (P < 0.05). Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol, PUN and total protein (TP) were the same among all treatment groups (P > 0.05). The Insulin concentration in the blood was significantly higher for the HFCM group than for the LF, LFCM and HF groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of chromium-methionine chelate could improve meat quality in beef steers.</P>

Chromium Methionine Supplementation Decreases Obesity Indices in Rats

Sang Jip Ohh,Chang Hyeuk Kim,Jong Seo Shin,Kyung Il Sung,Hyun Sook Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2003 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.8 No.3

This study was conducted to determine the effects of chromium-methionine (CrMet) supplementation at various levels on obesity index, body fat, and serum glucose, insulin and leptin in rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four dietary groups and fed AIN-76 semi-purified basal diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 or 1200 ppb Cr from CrMet. After 4 weeks on the respective diets, the rats were killed and serum glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations were determined. The CrMet supplementation did not affect weight gain, feed intake or feed efficiency ratio, fasting glucose, insulin or leptin levels among treatment groups. Although final body weight in all treatments were not significantly different, naso-anal length was longer in the 1200 ppb CrMet group than those of control or other groups (p<0.05). The lowest obesity index and body fat were observed in the 1200 ppb dietary group (p<0.05). The obesity index of the rats fed 1200 ppb supplemental CrMet was lower than in the other groups. These results suggest that CrMet supplementation results in a significant decrease in obesity index, possibly by decreasing the body fat that corresponded to increasing CrMet dosage.

Dietary Chromium-methionine Chelate Supplementation and Animal Performance

Ohh, Sang Jip,Lee, Joon Yeop Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.6

Chromium has emerged as an essential trace mineral in nutrition. However, it readily causes toxicity because of slightly excessive dose and/or form of chromium supplement. Therefore, developing a noble form of chromium supplement which is capable of not only an increased availability but also a reduced toxicity has been a critical issue in chromium nutrition. Chromium-methionine chelate has been, so far, one of the latest developments in its kind. Although not much information is available for the chromium-methionine chelate, especially in view of animal performances upon dietary supplementation, several studies indicated chromium methionine chelate could be effective to improve meat quality by increasing muscle mass but decreasing body fat. Highly-graded beef was produced by dietary chromium methionine supplementation during fattening stage of Korean native steers. Body muscle was increased in replace of decreasing body fat in both pig and rat that were dietary supplemented with chromium methionine chelate. However, a pig farm study did not show any significant improvement of body gain upon supplementation of chromium methionine. Immune responses of pig and rat were not always dependent upon chromium form but were varied by species. These results suggest there could be a different mode of responses due to species as well as onset time of dietary supplementation of chromium methionine. It is still early to conclude the bio-efficacy of chromium methionine chelate presumably due to its recent appearance into the field. But the chelate is certainly worth more application to animal since it certainly reduced the application level of dietary chromium.

Effects of Different Forms of Chromium Supplements on Serum Glucose, Insulin and Lipids in Rats

Ohh, Sang-Jip,Kim, Chang-Hyeuk,Shin, Jong-Seo,Sung, Kyung-Il,Kim, Hyun-Sook The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.4

This study evaluated the effects of different forms of chromium supplements on serum glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to one of three dietary groups and fed AIN-76 semi-purified basal diets supplemented with 300 ppb Cr from Cr methionine (CrMet) and Cr chloride $(CrCI_3)$ or without Cr (control). By the end of the $4^{th}$ week, all rats were decapitated, blood collected, and serum glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations were determined. The CrMet and $CrCl_3$ supplementation did not affect weight gain and feed efficiency ratio. However, feed intake was significantly higher in CrMet groups than control (p < 0.05). CrMet-supplemented rats had markedly increased insulin levels (p < 0.05) compared with controls. Serum lipids were not significantly different between the control and the CrMet groups. $CrCl_3$ supplementation decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride, but the decreases were only significant for the control group. $CrCl_3$ supplementation was associated with significant decreases in total cholesterol compared with CrMet supplementation. These results indicate that CrMet supplementation is effective for increasing serum insulin, and $CrCl_32$ may improve lipid concentrations, because we observed decreased serum total cholesterol and an improved total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (THR).

Effects of Different Forms of Chromium Supplements on Serum Glucose, Insulin and Lipids in Rats

Sang Jip Ohh,Chang Hyeuk Kim,Jong Seo Shin,Kyung Il Sung,Hyun Sook Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.4

This study evaluated the effects of different forms of chromium supplements on serum glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to one of three dietary groups and fed AIN-76 semi-purified basal diets supplemented with 300 ppb Cr from Cr methionine (CrMet) and Cr chloride (CrCl₃) or without Cr (control). By the end of the 4^(th) week, all rats were decapitated, blood collected, and serum glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations were determined. The CrMet and CrCl₃ supplementation did not affect weight gain and feed efficiency ratio. However, feed intake was significantly higher in CrMet groups than control (p<0.05). CrMet-supplemented rats had markedly increased insulin levels (p<0.05) compared with controls. Serum lipids were not significantly different between the control and the CrMet groups. CrCl₃ supplementation decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride, but the decreases were only significant for the control group. CrCl₃ supplementation was associated with significant decreases in total cholesterol compared with CrMet supplementation. These results indicate that CrMet supplementation is effective for increasing serum insulin, and CrCl₃ may improve lipid concentrations, because we observed decreased serum total cholesterol and an improved total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio (THR).

Effects of forage level and chromium-methionine chelate supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites in Korean native (Hanwoo) steers

Sung, Kyung-Il,Nejad, Jalil Ghassemi,Hong, Seok-Man,Ohh, Sang-Jip,Lee, Bae-Hun,Peng, Jing-Lun,Ji, Do-Hyeon,Kim, Byong-Wan Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.3

A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of chromium methionine (Cr-Met) chelate and forage level over two years, $1^{st}$ fattening and $2^{nd}$ fattening period on growth parameters, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of 46 Korean native (Hanwoo, Bos Taurus, $BW=183{\pm}44kg$) steers. Treatments were: 1) Steers in the low forage (LF) group were fed diets that consisted of 60% concentrate and 40% forage; 2) Steers in the high forage (HF) group were fed diets that consisted of 40% concentrate and 60% forage. Following the $1^{st}$ fattening period, steers ($BW=480{\pm}37.6kg$) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: LF (40 F plus no Cr-Met supplementation in the $2^{nd}$ fattening period), LFCM (40LF plus added 400 ppb of Cr-Met during the $2^{nd}$ fattening period), HF (60 F plus no added Cr-Met during the $2^{nd}$ fattening period) and HFCM (60 F plus added 400 ppb of Cr-Met in the $2^{nd}$ fattening period). Dry matter intake of the treatment diets did not differ during the raising and $1^{th}$ fattening period (P > 0.05). The ADG in the raising period showed no difference between the 40 F and 60 F groups (P > 0.05). Carcass characteristics including rib-eye area and meat yield index were higher in HF than the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The HF group tended to show a higher (P = 0.08) marbling score than the LF group whereas the HFCM group showed a higher marbling score than the LFCM group (P < 0.05). HDL was higher and LDL lower in groups fed with Cr-Met than in other groups whereas glucose showed the lowest value in HF group (P < 0.05). Triglyceride (TG), Cholesterol, PUN and total protein (TP) were the same among all treatment groups (P > 0.05). The Insulin concentration in the blood was significantly higher for the HFCM group than for the LF, LFCM and HF groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that supplementation of chromium-methionine chelate could improve meat quality in beef steers.

액상사료와 블록사료의 제조 및 이용

오상집 ( Sang Jip Ohh ) 한국영양사료학회 1989 `89 사료가공 단기과정 Vol.- No.-

동물복지형 계란 구입 시 고려사항에 대한 중요도 분석

오상집(Sang-Jip Ohh),정윤필(Yun-Pil Jung),홍승지(Seung-Jee Hong),최명래(Myung-Rae Choi),김용복(Yong-Bog Kim),이종인(Jong-In Lee) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.1

In this paper, animal welfare egg was focused in Korea. This study was built to establish marketing strategies for the animal welfare egg. Data were collected by consumer survey on November 4th, 2011 at Chuncheon Hanaromart in Chuncheon. 355 questionnaires were distributed and collected. SAS 9.1 and Excel 2007 were used as statistical packages and ranked logit model was used to analyze. From the results of the study the following improving plans were suggested for the consideration factors affecting to purchase for animal welfare egg. First, strategies using public relations are needed only for package design. Thepackage design will be able to complements gaps for low advertisement. Moreover, when consumer will be provided information on packaging for consumers, the consumer will be able to reduce anxiety. Second, package design of identity strategies are needed. There are so many package designs in market. The package design of identity may give competition power to the animal welfare egg.