A New Method for Measuring Water Vapour Transfers Through Fabrics

A. Marolleau,F. Salaün,D. Dupont,H. Gidik,S. Ducept 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.3

The Skin Model is modified with a frame in order to model the microclimate which is present between the skin andthe clothing. The aim of the study is to design and instrument the system by allowing dynamic control of moisturemanagement as a function of time. Resistive humidity sensors are placed at 4 locations in the frame to measure the transferrate of water molecules through the fabric layer. After checking the reproducibility of measurement, the influence of physicalparameters (weight, thickness, moisture regain and fabric design) and thermo-hydric characteristics of fabrics (airpermeability, wetting time, one-way transport index, thermal resistance and water vapour permeability) on the transfer rate isanalyzed by applying a multiple linear regression. The statistical analysis suggests that one of the main parameterssignificantly affecting the moisture management is the moisture regain of the fabrics related to its chemical composition,since high fabric moisture regain values lead to low water vapor transfer through the layer. Furthermore, the textile design(1×1 Interlock or jersey), wetting time (WT) and one-way transport index (R) have a low influence on these hydric transfers. To obtain further information, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) and desiccant inverted cup methods are introduced. For theDVS, the maximum water sorption at 35 oC was determined by the mass difference between 0 and 98 % relative humidity(RH). The desiccant inverted cup method allows moisture transfer to be measured without forcing it unlike frame tests. Methods are compared and this investigation clearly demonstrates that DVS and frame test can be used to assessquantitatively the hygroscopicity, and the moisture transfer rate between the microclimate and the surrounding environment. These parameters are related to the interactive forces between fibers and water molecules, and the ability to store watermolecules within fibers by increasing the sample mass.

Prostaglandin A2 triggers a strong oxidative burst in Laminaria: a novel defense inducer in brown algae?

Antonios Zambounis,Emmanuel Gaquerel,Martina Strittmatter,Jean-Pierre Salaün,Philippe Potin,Frithjof C. Küpper 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.1

We report an oxidative burst triggered by prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) in the brown algal kelp Laminaria digitata, constituting the first such discovery in an alga and the second finding of an oxidative burst triggered by a prostaglandin in a living organism. The response is more powerful than the oxidative burst triggered by most other chemical elicitors in Laminaria. Also, it is dose-dependent and cannot be inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, suggesting that another source than NAD(P)H oxidase is operational in the production of reactive oxygen species. Despite the very strong oxidative response, rather few effects at other levels of signal transduction pathways could be identified. PGA2 does not increase lipolysis (free fatty acids) in Laminaria, and only one oxylipin (15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 15-HETE) was found to be upregulated in Laminaria. In a subsequent set of experiments in the genome model Ectocarpus siliculosus, none of 5selected candidate genes, all established participants in various stress responses, showed any significant differences in their expression profiles.

Comparison of Growth, Milk Yield and Draughtability of Murrah-Philippine Crossbred and Philippine Native Buffaloes

Salas, R.C.D.,van der Lende, T.,Udo, H.M.J.,Mamuad, F.V.,Garillo, E.P.,Cruz, L.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.5

Data collected between 1981 and 1991 at the Philippine Carabao Center at Central Luzon State University (PCC-CLSU) were used for the comparison of growth, milk yield and draughtability of Murrah-Philippine crossbred and Philippine native buffaloes. Body weights and body measurements were available at 3-month intervals from birth to 36 months of age for a total of 34 $Murrah{\times}Philippine$ native buffalo F1 crossbreds (CBB; 21 cows, 13 bulls) and 32 Philippine native buffaloes (PNB; 16 cows, 16 bulls). Lactation records were available for 14 CBB and 19 PNB cows. Data for draughtability under wet and dry ploughing conditions were available for 4 CBB and 4 PNB steers. The results indicate that crossbreds grow faster (0-9 months of age: cows $442{\pm}19$ vs. $301{\pm}21g/day$, bulls $305{\pm}23$ vs. $296{\pm}21g/day$; 9-36 months of age: cows $227{\pm}10$ vs. $147{\pm}12g/day$, bulls $282{\pm}13$ vs. $138{\pm}12g/day$), mature earlier and produce more milk (1st lactation: $1139{\pm}153$ vs. $450{\pm}112kg$; 2nd lactation: $1115{\pm}132$ vs. $488{\pm}136kg$) than native buffaloes, but have a poorer draughtability (wet ploughing; force as % of body weight $8.8{\pm}0.2$ vs. $12.2{\pm}0.6$; dry ploughing: cut depth $10.98{\pm}0.25$ vs. $11.92{\pm}0.13cm$, velocity $0.50{\pm}0.03$ vs. $0.60{\pm}0.02m/sec$, force as % of body weight $9.0{\pm}0.6$ vs. $11.3{\pm}0.7$). The correlation coefficients between body weight and body measurements at birth and at 3-month intervals indicate that heart girth has a relatively high correlation with body weight, especially in crossbreds. It is concluded that in Philippine smallholder farming systems in which meat and milk production are secondary to draught power, the native buffalo is preferable from the point of view of input needed to maintain the number of animals kept for a required draught force.

Recycled Aggregate Concrete for Rigid Concrete Pavements in Airport

Salas - Montoya, Andres(살라스 몬토야 안드레스),Chung, Chul-Woo(정철우) 한국콘크리트학회 2021 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.1

Yangon Port related to sedimentation in Yangon River, Myanmar

Salaing Shine Htet,Yeon S. Chang,Hong Yeon-Cho 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2019 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

The Plant Growth-Promoting Fungus Aspergillus ustus Promotes Growth and Induces Resistance Against Different Lifestyle Pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana

( Salas Marina Miguel Angel ),( Miguel Angel Silva Flores ),( Mayte Guadalupe Cervantes Badillo ),( Maria Teresa Rosales Saavedra ),( Maria Auxiliadora Islas Osuna ),( Sergio Casas Flores ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.7

To deal with pathogens, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms including constitutive and induced defense mechanisms. Phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in the systemic response induced by beneficial and pathogen microorganisms. In this work, we identified an Aspergillus ustus isolate that promotes growth and induces developmental changes in Solanum tuberosum and Arabidopsis thaliana. A. ustus inoculation on A. thaliana and S. tuberosum roots induced an increase in shoot and root growth, and lateral root and root hair numbers. Assays performed on Arabidopsis lines to measure reporter gene expression of auxin-induced/ repressed or cell cycle controlled genes (DR5 and CycB1, respectively) showed enhanced GUS activity, when compared with mock-inoculated seedlings. To determine the contribution of phytohormone signaling pathways in the effect elicited by A. ustus, we evaluated the response of a collection of hormone mutants of Arabidopsis defective in auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, or abscisic acid signaling to the inoculation with this fungus. All mutant lines inoculated with A. ustus showed increased biomass production, suggesting that these genes are not required to respond to this fungus. Moreover, we demonstrated that A. ustus synthesizes auxins and gibberellins in liquid cultures. In addition, A. ustus induced systemic resistance against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, probably through the induction of the expression of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid/ethylene, and camalexin defense-related genes in Arabidopsis.

Estimation of Sediment Transport and Long-term Prediction of Riverbed Elevation Changes in Yangon River

Salaing Shine Htet(살라잉샤인텟),Yeon S. Chang(장연식) 한국해안해양공학회 2019 한국해안해양공학회 논문집 Vol.31 No.6

항구 주변 하천의 퇴적현상은 하천에 위치한 항구들이 공통적으로 직면하고 있는 문제이나, 그 심각성은 퇴적 속도, 수로 모양 및 크기, 강의 유체 역학적 거동 및 항구의 중요성에 따라 달라진다. 미얀마의 가장 큰 항구인 양곤항이 위치한 양곤강의 높은 퇴적율은 경제적인 측면에서 해결이 절실한 심각한 문제이다. 높은 퇴적물 침강 속도의 결과로 나타나는 양곤강, 파젠달 크릭 및 바고강이 합류하는 지역의 얕은 수심은 양곤항으로 향하는 항로를 막을 뿐만 아니라 양곤항으로 향하는 선박의 크기도 제한한다. 미얀마의 경제발전은 양곤항을 통한 교역에 크게 의존하기 때문에 양곤강의 퇴적물 수송 문제를 해결하기 위해 이 지역의 퇴적현상을 이해하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문은 Bagnold(1966) 이론을 적용하여 퇴적물 수송량을 계산하고 양곤 강의 강바닥 고도 변화를 예측하는 것을 목표로 한다. 양곤 강의 우기와 건기 사이의 상하수 운송에서 큰 차이가 발견 되며, 따라서 운송 된 퇴적물이 감소하는 건기에는 침강 문제가 더 심해진다. 건기에 계산한 퇴적율에 따르면 문제가 되는 양곤항 인근 하상 상승률은 연간 약 0.063 m로, 이 지역 연간 준설량을 고려할 때 향 후 50년간 하상이 약 3.15m 상승할 것으로 예상되며 정확한 예측을 위해 보다 정밀한 관측과 수치모델 등을 사용한 심화연구과 필요하다. Sedimentation is a common problem for river ports. But its intensity depends on the rate of sedimentation, channel shape and size, hydrodynamic behavior of the river and the importance of the port. High sedimentation rate in Yangon River has become one major issue for Myanmar as her largest port is located on the Yangon riverbank. As a result of the high sedimentation rate, shallow water area near the confluence of Yangon River, Pazundaung Creek, and Bago River keeps blocking the navigation channel to the Yangon Port, which also limits the size of vessel calling to Yangon Port. Therefore, studies to understand sediment transport process in Yangon River are required because the economic development of Myanmar highly relies on the Yangon Port. This paper aims to calculate the sediment transport and to predict the riverbed elevation changes in Yangon River by using Bagnold (1966) theory. Calculation result shows that huge difference can be found in the bed load transport between the rainy season and dry season in Yangon River, and thus the sedimentation problem would become more severe in the dry season when the transported sediments are reduced. The estimated sedimentation rate in dry season indicates that the rate of riverbed level rise near the Yangon Port area is about 0.063 m per year, which would lead to approximately 3.15 m rise in the riverbed level in next 50 yrs, considering the same workload of dredging to maintain the navigation channel.

Mitos historicos y propaganda politica en La obra Literaria de Los hermanos Machado durante La Guerra Civil espanola

( Miguel Salas Diaz ) 한국스페인어문학회 2007 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.45

Mitos histricos y propaganda poltica en la obra literaria de los hermanos Machado durante la Guerra Civil espaola

Miguel Salas Daz 한국스페인어문학회 2007 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.45

Como sucede en el caso de otros escritores en circunstancias similares, Manuel y Antonio Machado tomaron partido por uno de los bandos de la Guerra Civil española, resultando que ambos se enfrentaron políticamente. En el presente artículo se analiza el uso que hacen en sus textos del los mitos de la historia española para legitimar la postura que cada uno defiende. El artículo demuestra cómo los argumentos utilizados por ellos son prácticamente idénticos, a pesar de sus ideologías, opuestas punto por punto.

DEAGRARIANIZATION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF SOCIO-LABOUR AND ECONOMIC STRATEGIES IN THE MEXICAN COUNTRYSIDE

Hernán Salas Quintanal,Iñigo González de la Fuente Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2013 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.3 No.1

Abstract. In recent decades, the Latin America’s rural economy and society has been transformed as a result of its dependence on capitalist relationships and the integration of agriculture and food production to world markets, to forms of modernization favoring agro-industrial groups, capitalistic farm businessmen and a few peasant family units. Most peasants and rural workers are now employed in temporary, precarious and flexible contractual conditions. This article examines changes in the institutions regulating socio-economic life and their effect on the rural lifestyle in the Nativitas municipality, Tlaxcala, Mexico. By observing communities under study, the authors propose that rural changes have not turned these regions into totally urban settings. Rurality, as it has been known traditionally, have been altered since it is the current trend that family members work in varied sectors and milieus, whereupon it is necessary to ask what remains of that rurality and how it is defined in this context. Resumen. En las últimas décadas, la economía y sociedad rural, en toda América Latina, se ha transformado como consecuencia de la dependencia de las relaciones capitalistas, la incorporación de la agricultura y la producción de alimentos a los mercados de la economía mundial, a formas de modernización que han beneficiado a grupos de agroindustriales, empresarios agrícolas capitalistas y algunas unidades campesinas familiares. La mayoría de los campesinos y trabajadores rurales se emplean en condiciones contractuales temporales, precarias y flexibles. Este artículo tiene por objeto conocer las transformaciones de las instituciones que han regulado la vida socioeconómica y sus efectos en el modo de vida rural de la población del municipio de Natívitas al sur del estado de Tlaxcala. Estas evidencias nos llevan a proponer que las transformaciones rurales no han convertido estas regiones en espacios totalmente urbanos. La ruralidad, como la hemos conocido tradicionalmente se ha alterado, siendo la tendencia actual que los miembros de las familias se empleen en diferentes ámbitos y sectores, de manera que es necesario preguntarnos qué queda de aquella ruralidad y cómo se define en este contexto lo rural. Key words: New Rurality, Deagrarianization, Globalization, Labour pluriactivity, Mexico Palabras clave: Nueva Ruralidad, Desagrarización, Globalización, Pluriactividad laboral, México.