Essential Hypertension

Stokes, G.S. Medical Publications Korea 1988 Medical Progress Vol.10 No.8

Emergency Reduction of Blood Pressure : Which Drugs, What hazards?

Stokes, Gordon S. Medical Publications Korea 1978 Medical Progress Vol.5 No.5

세계화와 월드뮤직의 정치학

Stokes, Martin,김은영(역) 민족음악학회 2006 음악과 민족 Vol.31 No.-

FRIEDRICH FROEBEL, THE FOUNDER OF THE KINDERGARTEN

Stokes, Marilyn T. 培林大學校 1975 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Using a Creativity Model to Solve The Place-value Problem in Kindergarten

Patricia D. Stokes 대한사고개발학회 2014 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.24 No.2

A creativity model based on paired constraints was used to solve a core problem in early American math education, place-value. To create the solution, one set of constraints precluded specific elements in existing math curricula. The other promoted substitutes, including an explicit base-10 count and a single manipulative, a count-and-combine chart that visually represented the base-10 decimal system and promoted highly-focused practice in combining tens and ones in single- and double-digit addition and subtraction. The new curriculum was piloted for the entire school year. At pre-test, there were no differences between children in the pilot and control (regular curriculum) groups. At post-test, the pilot group outperformed the control not only on place-value, but also on single- and double-digit addition and subtraction, and number line estimation. The evidence suggests that creativity models can make significant contributions to solving problems in early education.

Sources of Variability in Children's Problem Solving

Patricia D. Stokes,Danielle Holtz,Tracey Massel,Alison Carlis,Jessica Eisenberg 대한사고개발학회 2008 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.18 No.2

Variability is defined as the number of different ways in which something is done. Adaptive variability reflects varying in correct ways; error variability, in incorrect ways. This study examined two sources of variability in children’s problem solving: age and reinforcement. First, third, and fifth graders at a suburban, public elementary school played a computer maze game with increasing variability requirements. Baseline variability levels were higher in fifth- than in first-graders. These differences disappeared when variability was required. Error scores increased with variability requirements, but were higher in first- than in third- or fifth-graders. Older students used more efficient strategies than younger ones. Students with high variability and low error scores shared response patterns and strategies, regardless of grade. Pedagogical implications of age and reinforcement effects are discussed.

사해 문헌이 전하는 죄의 기원

Ryan E. Stokes 지음,심재형(Shim, Jaehyung) 옮김 수원가톨릭대학교 이성과신앙연구소 2016 이성과 신앙 Vol.60 No.-

Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternative Methods for Safety Testing: Recent Progress and Future Directions

( William S. Stokes ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2009 한국동물실험대체법학회 학술대회집 Vol.2009 No.3

Safety testing methods are necessary to determine whether new chemicals and products may cause adverse health effects to people, animals, and the environment. While such methods have traditionally involved the use of animals, advances in science and technology and the desire to develop more accurate test methods that reduce, refine, or replace animal use have led to progress in developing alternative methods. However, before such methods can be used for regulatory safety decisions, it is necessary to determine their scientific validity and regulatory acceptability. Scientific validation involves determining the usefulness and limitations of a proposed test method for a specific purpose. Regulatory acceptance involves determining whether the proposed use of the new test method can provide as good or better protection than the current test method or approach. The global use of new alternative test methods requires international agreement on the scientific validity and regulatory acceptability of new test methods. Several countries have developed national validation centers to facilitate and promote the scientific validation and regulatory acceptance of new, revised, and alternative test methods. In the United States, the U.S. National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) and the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) work collaboratively to promote the validation and regulatory acceptance of new, revised, and alternative test methods that are based on sound science and that will provide continued or improved protection of people, animals, and the environment while reducing, refining, and replacing the use of animals where scientifically feasible. ICCVAM was organized in 1997 and U.S. law established it as a permanent interagency committee in 2000. ICCVAM consists of representatives from the 15 Federal regulatory and research agencies that generate, use, require, or provide toxicological testing data to safeguard the health of people, animals, and the environment. NICEATM administers ICCVAM and provides scientific and technical support, including the conduct of high priority validation studies. Many other national validation organizations have been established, including the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM), the European Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM), and of course now the Korean Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (KoCVAM). Canada, the EU, Japan, and the USA signed a Memorandum of Cooperation on International Cooperation on Alternative Test Methods (ICATM) on April, 2009. The agreement provides for enhanced international cooperation, collaboration, and communication among national validation organizations during the design and conduct of validation studies, independent scientific peer review meetings and reports, and the development of harmonized test method recommendations for regulatory consideration. This cooperation seeks to expedite the international regulatory acceptance of scientifically valid alternative methods. The agreement also allows for new national validation organizations to be included that agree to the provisions of the agreement. Since its establishment, ICCVAM has worked in conjunction with the international community to achieve the regulatory acceptance of 27 alternative test methods that have now been accepted or endorsed by national and international authorities. To ensure continued progress, NICEATM and ICCVAM developed a Five-Year Plan in 2008 in conjunction with member agencies to advance alternative methods. The plan identifies priority areas for research, development, translation, and validation activities necessary to support the regulatory acceptance of alternative methods, and increased national and international collaborations with stakeholders. The plan emphasizes the application of advances in science and technology to the development of new more predictive alternative test methods. Implementation of the NICEATM-ICCVAM five-year plan and expanded international collaborations are expected to result in significant progress on alternative methods that will support improved safety assessments while further reducing, refining, and replacing animal use.

Chlamydia psittaci strain fransis의 plasmid pCpA1과 C. psittaci strain 6BC의 plasmid의 염기서열 상동성 분석

한상훈,정규회,G. V. Stokes,윤병수 경기대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.43 No.2

In Chlamydia, there is not efficient transformation vector system. This defect makes hard to study of Chlamydia. As a first process for E. coli-to-chlamydia shuttle vector construction, we executed DNA sequencing analysis of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC plasmid whole origine and parts of ORFs. We compared them with already known Chlamydia psittaci francis pCpA1 whole origine and parts of ORFs sequences using Computer DNA sequence analysis program PCGENE and demonstrated that partially analyzed origins and ORFs on two plasmids matched perfectly each other.

Demonstration of Adaptive Analogue Beam Forming in the E-Band

Val Dyadyuk,Leigh Stokes,Nasiha Nikolic,Andrew R. Weily 한국전자파학회JEES 2010 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.10 No.3

In this paper, we report the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements an analogue-beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71~76 ㎓ frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results. An ad-hoc wireless communication system has also been demonstrated. Low BER was measured for an 8PSK data stream at 1.5 Gbps with the receive array beam formed in the direction of arrival of the transmitted signal. To our knowledge this is the first steerable antenna array reported to date in the E-band.