http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Fried,Rafael,Rosin,Eyal 대한전자공학회 1995 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.4 No.1
This paper presents a high resolution Frequency Multiplier (FMUL) with the ability to multiply frequency with a high multiplication factor. It was designed for chip-sets that use a real time clock (32,768Hz) for power-save operation. and an additional high-frequency oscillator, in the range of 40MHz, for regular operation. Using the FMUL enables to spare the need for the additional high-frequency oscillator. The chip will be driven by a single clocking source - the low frequency oscillator. The FMLTL is almost fully digital, its output frequency resolution is 100ppm, and the multiplication factor is a programmable ratio of the form N/M, that can vary between 1 and 16,383. The high-frequency at the FMUL's output may be up to 200MHz. The circuit is designed to work with 2.5-5.5v supply voltage. It is implemented in a standard 0.8um N-well CMOS process, and its area is 750mil².
Peros, Kristina,Mestrovic, Senka,Anic-Milosevic, Sandra,Rosin-Grget, Kata,Slaj, Mladen The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2012 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.42 No.5
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different frequencies of brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: The study included 22 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy distributed between 2 groups with different hygiene regimes. All the subjects received identical braces, bands, and brackets bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained before placement of the appliance and at 6, 12, and 18 weeks during the therapy. Saliva samples were cultured on selective microbial agar for the detection of microorganisms. Results: Salivary mutans streptococci were significantly suppressed throughout the experimental period in the group that brushed 4 times a day as compared to the group that brushed twice a day. Salivary lactobacilli were not significantly affected by the frequency of brushing with 0.32% sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste. Conclusions: The use of 0.32% NaF-containing toothpaste more than 3 times a day has effective antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci but not lactobacilli in the saliva of children with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Kristina Peros,Senka Mestrovic,Sandra Anic-Milosevic,Kata Rosin-Grget,Mladen Slaj 대한치과교정학회 2012 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.42 No.5
Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different frequencies of brushing with fluoride toothpaste on the levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in children undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: The study included 22 patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic therapy distributed between 2 groups with different hygiene regimes. All the subjects received identical braces, bands, and brackets bonded with the same material. Stimulated saliva samples were obtained before placement of the appliance and at 6, 12, and 18 weeks during the therapy. Saliva samples were cultured on selective microbial agar for the detection of microorganisms. Results: Salivary mutans streptococci were significantly suppressed throughout the experimental period in the group that brushed 4 times a day as compared to the group that brushed twice a day. Salivary lactobacilli were not significantly affected by the frequency of brushing with 0.32% sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste. Conclusions: The use of 0.32% NaF-containing toothpaste more than 3 times a day has effective antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci but not lactobacilli in the saliva of children with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Background Surface Estimation for Reverse Engineering of Reliefs
Liu, Shenglan,Martin, Ralph R.,Langbein, Frank C.,Rosin, Paul L. Society for Computational Design and Engineering 2007 International Journal of CAD/CAM Vol.7 No.1
Reverse engineering of reliefs aims to turn an existing relief superimposed on an underlying surface into a geometric model which may be applied to a different base surface. Steps in this process include segmenting the relief from the background, and describing it as an offset height field relative to the underlying surface. We have previously considered relief segmentation using a geometric snake. Here, we show how to use this initial segmentation to estimate the background surface lying under the relief, which can be used (i) to refine the segmentation and (ii) to express the relief as an offset field. Our approach fits a B-spline surface patch to the measured background data surrounding the relief, while tension terms ensure this background surface smoothly continues underneath the relief where there are no measured background data points to fit. After making an initial estimate of relief offset height everywhere within the patch, we use a support vector machine to refine the segmentation. Tests demonstrate that this approach can accurately model the background surface where it underlies the relief, providing more accurate segmentation, as well as relief height field estimation. In particular, this approach provides significant improvements for relief concavities with narrow mouths and can segment reliefs with small internal holes.
Ngwa Ebogo Tagang Titus,Ntih Mariette Liekeh,Ngock Farra Fola George,Sama Akayun,Sena Guylaine Rosine,Nzinga Joy Richie,Nchufor Roland Ndouh,Pisoh Tagnyin Christopher 대한외상중환자외과학회 2023 Journal of Acute Care Surgery Vol.13 No.1
Purpose: Abdominal surgical emergencies are a major health burden in low- and middle-income countries where management is often very challenging, and associated with high morbidity and mortality. The spectrum, management, and outcomes of abdominal surgical emergencies needs to be updated. Methods: This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study carried out in Bamenda, Cameroon over a 2-year period. Records of patients who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed, with pre-, intra- and postoperative data collected and analyzed. Results: There were 207 patients included in this retrospective review (male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean age was 47.4 (± 19.4) years. Intestinal obstruction (34.8%) and perforated peptic ulcers (15.5%) were the most common abdominal surgical emergencies. The median delay and interquartile range to presentation and in-hospital delay were 6 (4) days and 8 (12) hours, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay post-surgery was 11days. There were 48.3% of patients who developed a complication; 34.78% were major, 17.9% had an unplanned reoperation, and 15 (7.2%) were readmitted after discharge. The 30-day in hospital mortality was 19.8%. Mortality was independently associated with a high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score; ASA score > 3, age > 60 years, and referral from other health facilities. Conclusion: Intestinal obstructions from intraperitoneal neoplasm is the most common cause of abdominal surgical emergency in North West Cameroon. Abdominal emergencies here are associated with a very high morbidity and mortality in males > 60 years with an ASA score > 3 and with more than one comorbidity.