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Yu, Hak Ki,Balasubramanian, Kannan,Kim, Kisoo,Lee, Jong-Lam,Maiti, Manisankar,Ropers, Claus,Krieg, Janina,Kern, Klaus,Wodtke, Alec M. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.8
<P>We present a simple approach to improving the quality of CVD grown graphene, exploiting a Cu(111) foil catalyst. The catalyst is epitaxially grown by evaporation on a single crystal sapphire substrate, thickened by electroplating, and peeled off. The exposed surface is atomically flat, easily reduced, and exclusively of (111) orientation. Graphene grown on this catalyst under atmospheric CVD conditions and without wet chemical prereduction produces single crystal domain sizes of several hundred micrometers in samples that are many centimeters in size. The graphene produced in this way can easily be transferred to other substrates using well-established techniques. We report mobilities extracted using field-effect (as high as 29 000 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>) and Hall bar measurement (up to 10 100 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-8/nn503476j/production/images/medium/nn-2014-03476j_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn503476j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Chung, Ki-Myung,Kim, Sang-Hee,Cho, Young-Kyung,Roper, Stephen D.,Kim, Kyung-Nyun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.3
Von Ebner's glands (vEG) are minor salivary glands associated with circumvallate and foliate papilla. The secretions of vEG consist of microenvironment of the taste buds in the circumvallate and foliate papillae, and thus saliva from vEG plays a role in the perception of taste. The $Ca^{2+}$ signaling system in rat vEG acinar cell was examined using the $Ca^{2+}$-sensitive fluorescent indicator Fura-2. Agonist-induced increase in intracellular $Ca^{2+}\;([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ was stimulated by carbachol (CCh) and substance P (SP), but not by norepinephrine (NE), and recovered to control levels by their receptor antagonists dose-dependently. The effects were also observed in $Ca^{2+}$-free medium, suggesting mobilization from intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ store. These results in the vEG acinar cell indicate that 1) $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ is at least regulated by muscarinic and neurokininergic (NK1) receptors; 2) the increases in $[Ca^{2+}])i$ activated by CCh and SP are mainly mediated by discharge of cytosolic calcium pool.
Real-time detection of acetylcholine release from the human endocrine pancreas
Rodriguez-Diaz, Rayner,Dando, Robin,Huang, Y Anthony,Berggren, Per-Olof,Roper, Stephen D,Caicedo, Alejandro Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2012 Nature protocols Vol.7 No.6
Neurons, sensory cells and endocrine cells secrete neurotransmitters and hormones to communicate with other cells and to coordinate organ and system function. Validation that a substance is used as an extracellular signaling molecule by a given cell requires a direct demonstration of its secretion. In this protocol we describe the use of biosensor cells to detect neurotransmitter release from endocrine cells in real-time. Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor M3 were used as ACh biosensors to record ACh release from human pancreatic islets. We show how ACh biosensors loaded with the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> indicator Fura-2 and pressed against isolated human pancreatic islets allow the detection of ACh release. The biosensor approach is simple; the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signal generated in the biosensor cell reflects the presence (release) of a neurotransmitter. The technique is versatile because biosensor cells expressing a variety of receptors can be used in many applications. The protocol takes ?? h.
Distribution of Taste Receptors in Submandibular and von Ebner Salivary Glands
Yong-Ku Jun,Se-Nyun Kim,Cil-Han Lee,Young-Kyung Cho,Ki-Myung Chung,Stephen D. Roper,Kyung-Nyun Kim The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2008 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.33 No.1
Taste is a critically important sense for the survival of an organism. However, structure and distribution of taste receptors were only recently investigated. Although expression of the ion channels responsible for the sense of salty taste and acidity was observed in the non-taste cells, receptors for sweet and bitter taste were only identified in taste cells. Salivary glands are involved in the sensing of taste and plays important roles in the transduction of taste. The purpose of this study is to examine whether taste receptors are present in the salivary glands and to provide clues for the investigation of the taste-salivary glands interaction. Using microarray and RT-PCR analyses, the presence of taste receptor mRNAs in the rat von Ebner gland and submandibular gland was confirmed. Type I taste receptors were preferentially expressed in von Ebner gland, whereas type II taste receptors were expressed in both von Ebner gland and submandibular gland. The tastespecific signal tranducing proteins, Gαgustducin and phospholipase C β2, were also detected in both salivary glands by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the activation of the calcium signal in response to bitter taste in the acinar cells was also observed. Taken together, these results suggest that taste receptors are present in the von Ebner gland and submandibular gland and that type II taste receptors are functionally active in both salivary glands.