Expression of Kainate Glutamate Receptors in Type Il Cells in Taste Buds of Rats

Lee, Sang-Bok,Lee, Cil-Han,Cho, Young-Kyung,Chung, Ki-Myung,Kim, Kyung-Nyun KOREAN ACADAMY OF ORAL BIOLOGY 2008 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.33 No.3

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals non-NMDA glutamate receptors (GluRs) in rat taste bud cells. Previous studies suggest that glutamate-induced cobalt uptake in taste cells occurs mainly via kainate type GluRs. Cobaltstained cells were immunoreactive against GluR6 and KAl subunits of GluRs. However, the functions of those type of receptors are not known yet. It is important question which types of taste cells are cobalt-stained when stimulated by glutamate and whether they express these kinds of GluRs. Circumvallate and foliate papilla of Sprague-Dawley rats (45-60 days old) were used. A cobalt-staining technique combined with immunohistochemistry against specific markers for taste bud cell types, such as blood group H antigen (BGH), α-gustducin (Gus), or neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was employed. We also performed double labeling of GluR6 or KA1 subunits of GluR with each specific marker for taste bud cell types. Lots of cobaltstained taste bud cells expressed Gus-like immunoreactivity, and subsets of the cobalt stained cells appeared NCAM- or BGH-like immunoreactivity. Stimulation with 1mM glutamate significantly increased the number of cobaltstained cells in Gus-like immunoreactive cells, but not in NCAM- or BGH-like immunoreactive cells. In the double labeling experiments, GluR6 and KA1 subunits of GluRs were mainly expressed with Gus. These results suggest that kainate glutamate receptors preferentially expressed in type II taste bud cells in rat.

Type II and III Taste Bud Cells Preferentially Expressed Kainate Glutamate Receptors in Rats

Lee, Sang-Bok,Lee, Cil-Han,Kim, Se-Nyun,Chung, Ki-Myung,Cho, Young-Kyung,Kim, Kyung-Nyun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.6

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals that non-NMDA glutamate receptors (GluRs) are present in rat taste bud cells. Previous studies involving glutamate induced cobalt staining suggest this uptake mainly occurs via kainate type GluRs. It is not known which of the 4 types of taste bud cells express subunits of kainate GluR. Circumvallate and foliate papillae of Sprague-Dawley rats (45~60 days old) were used to search for the mRNAs of subunits of non-NMDA GluRs using RT-PCR with specific primers for GluR1-7, KA1 and KA2. We also performed RT-PCR for GluR5, KA1, $PLC\beta2$, and NCAM/SNAP 25 in isolated single cells from taste buds. Taste epithelium, including circumvallate or foliate papilla, express mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1. However, non-taste tongue epithelium expresses no subunits of non-NMDA GluRs. Isolated single cell RT-PCR reveals that the mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1 are preferentially expressed in Type II and Type III cells over Type I cells.

Impact of the β-1 adrenergic receptor polymorphism on tolerability and effcacy of bisoprolol therapy in Korean heart failure patients: association between βadrenergic receptor polymorphism and bisoprolol therapy in heart failure (ABBA)

( Hae Young Lee ),( Wook Jin Chung ),( Hui Kyung Jeon ),( Hong Seog Seo ),( Dong Ju Choi ),( Eun Seok Jeon ),( Jae Joong Kim ),( Joon Han Shin ),( Seok Min Kang ),( Sung Cil Lim ),( Sang Hong Baek ) 대한내과학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.31 No.2

Background/Aims: We evaluated the association between coding region variants of adrenergic receptor genes and therapeutic effect in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: One hundred patients with stable CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] < 45%) were enrolled. Enrolled patients started 1.25 mg bisoprolol treatment once daily, then up-titrated to the maximally tolerable dose, at which they were treated for 1 year. Results: Genotypic analysis was carried out, but the results were blinded to the investigators throughout the study period. At position 389 of the β-1 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB1), the observed minor Gly allele frequency (Gly389Arg + Gly389Gly) was 0.21, and no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in the genotypic distribution of Arg389Gly (p = 0.75). Heart rate was reduced from 80.8 ± 14.3 to 70.0 ± 15.0 beats per minute (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in final heart rate across genotypes. However, the Arg389Arg genotype group required significantly more bisoprolol compared to the Gly389X (Gly389Arg + Gly389Gly) group (5.26 ± 2.62 mg vs. 3.96 ± 2.05 mg, p = 0.022). There were no significant differences in LVEF changes or remodeling between two groups. Also, changes in exercise capacity and brain natriuretic peptide level were not significant. However, interestingly, there was a two-fold higher rate of readmission (21.2% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.162) and one CHF-related death in the Arg389Arg group. Conclusions: The ADRB1 Gly389X genotype showed greater response to bisoprolol than the Arg389Arg genotype, suggesting the potential of individually tailoring β-blocker therapy according to genotype.

Type II and III Taste Bud Cells Preferentially Expressed Kainate Glutamate Receptors in Rats

Sang-Bok Lee,Cil-Han Lee,Se-Nyun Kim,Ki-Myung Chung,Young-Kyung Cho,Kyung-Nyun Kim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.6

Glutamate-induced cobalt uptake reveals that non-NMDA glutamate receptors (GluRs) are present in rat taste bud cells. Previous studies involving glutamate induced cobalt staining suggest this uptake mainly occurs via kainate type GluRs. It is not known which of the 4 types of taste bud cells express subunits of kainate GluR. Circumvallate and foliate papillae of Sprague-Dawley rats (45∼60 days old) were used to search for the mRNAs of subunits of non-NMDA GluRs using RT-PCR with specific primers for GluR1-7, KA1 and KA2. We also performed RT-PCR for GluR5, KA1, PLCՂ2, and NCAM/SNAP 25 in isolated single cells from taste buds. Taste epithelium, including circumvallate or foliate papilla, express mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1. However, non-taste tongue epithelium expresses no subunits of non-NMDA GluRs. Isolated single cell RT-PCR reveals that the mRNAs of GluR5 and KA1 are preferentially expressed in Type II and Type III cells over Type I cells.

Catalponol enhances dopamine biosynthesis and protects against l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Huang, Hai-Shan,Han, Xiang-Hua,Hwang, Bang-Yeon,Park, Jae-In,Yoo, Se-Kuel,Choi, Hyun-Sook,Lim, Sung-Cil,Lee, Myung-Koo Gordon and Breach ; Taylor Francis Health Sciences 2009 Journal of Asian natural products research Vol.11 No.10

<P>The effects of catalponol (1) on dopamine biosynthesis and l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells were investigated. Catalponol at concentration ranges of 1-5 muM increased the intracellular levels of dopamine at 12-48 h. Catalponol at concentrations of up to 10 muM did not alter cell viability. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was enhanced by 1 at 3 muM in a time-dependent manner, but aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity was not. Catalponol also increased the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and TH phosphorylation. In addition, catalponol at 3 muM associated with l-DOPA (20-50 muM) further enhanced the increases in dopamine levels induced by l-DOPA (50-100 muM) at 24 h. Catalponol at 2-5 muM inhibited l-DOPA (100-200 muM)-induced cytotoxicity at 48 h. These results suggest that 1 enhanced dopamine biosynthesis by inducing TH activity and protected against l-DOPA-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, which was mediated by the increased levels of cyclic AMP.</P>

자궁근종의 성선자극호르몬분비호르몬 효능제 치료에 있어 생리의 영향

한수경,이명구,한송이,박미숙,임성실,Han, Soo-Kyung,Lee, Myung-Koo,Han, Song-Yi,Park, Mi-Sook,Lim, Sung-Cil 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.6

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of menstration among the influencing factors for the GnRH agonist (as G: depot goserelin 3.6 mg) therapy prior to the planned myomectomy for women who wanted to preserve their fertility. We reviewed total 48 patients. with the G therapy prior to the planned myomectomy from August 1st, 2005 to August 31st, 2006. The patients were classified by the G group (n=28) and the immediate surgery (as S) group (n=20). The G group (n=19) underwent the G therapy for 3 month courses, and then the efficacy was evaluated by menstruation and the myoma volumes. In the G group (n=19), therapy was effective, and the mean age was $32.4{\pm}6.5$ years. After the completion of G therapy, the mean volume of the myoma by ultrasonography was reduced to $85.2{\pm}71.2cm^3$ comparing of $430.6{\pm}248.8cm^3$ at first visit. The 11 patients had menstruation and the rest 8 patients with amenorrhea had less reduced volume of the myoma ($124.05{\pm}79.85cm^3\;v.s.\;329.41{\pm}234.0cm^3$ p<0.05). In the immediate S group, the myoma volumes by sonography was also checked for accuracy (${\alpha}=1.0$). As the result, the initial myoma volume had the positive correlations to the effectiveness with G therapy. However, the occurrence and frequency of the menstruation during the G therapy had a negative correlation. In conclusion, the use of G prior to the planned myomectomy was effective in reducing myoma volume and the menstruation.

Distribution of Taste Receptors in Submandibular and von Ebner Salivary Glands

Yong-Ku Jun,Se-Nyun Kim,Cil-Han Lee,Young-Kyung Cho,Ki-Myung Chung,Stephen D. Roper,Kyung-Nyun Kim The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2008 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.33 No.1

Taste is a critically important sense for the survival of an organism. However, structure and distribution of taste receptors were only recently investigated. Although expression of the ion channels responsible for the sense of salty taste and acidity was observed in the non-taste cells, receptors for sweet and bitter taste were only identified in taste cells. Salivary glands are involved in the sensing of taste and plays important roles in the transduction of taste. The purpose of this study is to examine whether taste receptors are present in the salivary glands and to provide clues for the investigation of the taste-salivary glands interaction. Using microarray and RT-PCR analyses, the presence of taste receptor mRNAs in the rat von Ebner gland and submandibular gland was confirmed. Type I taste receptors were preferentially expressed in von Ebner gland, whereas type II taste receptors were expressed in both von Ebner gland and submandibular gland. The tastespecific signal tranducing proteins, Gαgustducin and phospholipase C β2, were also detected in both salivary glands by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the activation of the calcium signal in response to bitter taste in the acinar cells was also observed. Taken together, these results suggest that taste receptors are present in the von Ebner gland and submandibular gland and that type II taste receptors are functionally active in both salivary glands.

치료의 증진을 위한 당뇨전문약사의 필요성

박인경(In Kyung Park),이수영(Soo Young Lee),윤지연(Jee Yeon Yun),한옥연(Ok Youn Han),이보름(Bo Reum Lee),장제관(Je Kwan Jang),나현오(Hyen Oh La),임성실(Sung Cil Lim) 대한약학회 2009 약학회지 Vol.53 No.4

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism which is resulting chronic microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications. Therefore, correct and consistent educations for pharmacotherapy is important and especially drug consultation by the specialty pharmacist of diabetic pharmacotherapy is necessary for all diabetic patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the necessity of the specialty pharmacist of diabetic pharmacotherapy and this study was performed from June 31th, 2008 to October 9th, 2008 in Kangnam St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, S. Korea throughout the questionnaire and evaluated the total 68 patients who were participating the multidisciplinary diabetes team programs. We evaluated the patient characteristics (n=68), learning status (difficulty 70.4%), wanted further education (68.3%) and preference of educator (pharmacist 46%) after finishing team teaching by multidisciplinary diabetes team program. In conclusion, many diabetic patients(80.3%) wanted individual and further drug consultation by the pharmacists who are specialized in the diabetes individually and they are needed.

가정에서 미사용된 약물처리에 대한 평가

연정화,이보름,이명구,이종길,장제관,서광훈,오민아,한옥연,임성실,Yeon, Jeong-Hwa,Lee, Bo-Reum,Lee, Myung-Koo,Lee, Chong-Kil,Jang, Je-Kwan,Suh, Kwang-Hoon,Oh, Min-A,Han, Ok-Yeon,Lim, Sung-Cil 대한약학회 2009 약학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Most of families in Korea keep some medicines that has been expired or not been used for a long time, and these medicines could be causing environmental or social problems. Currently many people concerned about their health and therefore show a tendency to visit many health facilities. It eventually brings to remain more medication in home The aim of this study is to determine the drug waste minimization and drug disposal in Korean home and provide the proper guideline for them. This study were performed by visiting total randomly selected 140 homes at the Seoul area from July 23rd, 2008 to July 31st, 2008 by questionnaire. This survey comprised total 6 parts and total 22 questions. In results, 77 (55.0%) among 140 families answered to this survey. 89.6% of families keep unused medicine in the home. Most were tablet (66.3%) and syrup (19.2%) dosage type. They usually kept the unused medicine in the room (41.6%) or no certain place. 76.6% families reused the medicine and used for themselves. The reason for reuse is similar symptoms by their decision. The reason for medicine was left over is not following the prescription's direction (31.3%). They mostly dispose the unused medications by throwing into a trash can (71.4%). In conclusion, many families keeps unused medication and it could cause health and environmental problems.