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TERRAPOWER, LLC TRAVELING WAVE REACTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OVERVIEW
Hejzlar, Pavel,Petroski, Robert,Cheatham, Jesse,Touran, Nick,Cohen, Michael,Truong, Bao,Latta, Ryan,Werner, Mark,Burke, Tom,Tandy, Jay,Garrett, Mike,Johnson, Brian,Ellis, Tyler,Mcwhirter, Jon,Odedra, Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.6
Energy security is a topic of high importance to many countries throughout the world. Countries with access to vast energy supplies enjoy all of the economic and political benefits that come with controlling a highly sought after commodity. Given the desire to diversify away from fossil fuels due to rising environmental and economic concerns, there are limited technology options available for baseload electricity generation. Further complicating this issue is the desire for energy sources to be sustainable and globally scalable in addition to being economic and environmentally benign. Nuclear energy in its current form meets many but not all of these attributes. In order to address these limitations, TerraPower, LLC has developed the Traveling Wave Reactor (TWR) which is a near-term deployable and truly sustainable energy solution that is globally scalable for the indefinite future. The fast neutron spectrum allows up to a ~30-fold gain in fuel utilization efficiency when compared to conventional light water reactors utilizing enriched fuel. When compared to other fast reactors, TWRs represent the lowest cost alternative to enjoy the energy security benefits of an advanced nuclear fuel cycle without the associated proliferation concerns of chemical reprocessing. On a country level, this represents a significant savings in the energy generation infrastructure for several reasons 1) no reprocessing plants need to be built, 2) a reduced number of enrichment plants need to be built, 3) reduced waste production results in a lower repository capacity requirement and reduced waste transportation costs and 4) less uranium ore needs to be mined or purchased since natural or depleted uranium can be used directly as fuel. With advanced technological development and added cost, TWRs are also capable of reusing both their own used fuel and used fuel from LWRs, thereby eliminating the need for enrichment in the longer term and reducing the overall societal waste burden. This paper describes the origins and current status of the TWR development program at TerraPower, LLC. Some of the areas covered include the key TWR design challenges and brief descriptions of TWR-Prototype (TWR-P) reactor. Selected information on the TWR-P core designs are also provided in the areas of neutronic, thermal hydraulic and fuel performance. The TWR-P plant design is also described in such areas as; system design descriptions, mechanical design, and safety performance.
Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Transistors with Single-Atom-Thick Gates
Zhu, Yibo,Li, Yijun,Arefe, Ghidewon,Burke, Robert A.,Tan, Cheng,Hao, Yufeng,Liu, Xiaochi,Liu, Xue,Yoo, Won Jong,Dubey, Madan,Lin, Qiao,Hone, James C. American Chemical Society 2018 NANO LETTERS Vol.18 No.6
<P>Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are unique candidates for the development of next-generation electronic devices. However, the large contact resistance between metal and the monolayer TMDs have significantly limited the devices’ performance. Also, the integration of ultrathin high-<I>k</I> dielectric layers with TMDs remains difficult due to the lack of dangling bonds on the surface of TMDs. We present monolayer molybdenum disulfide field-effect transistors with bottom local gates consisting of monolayer graphene. The atomic-level thickness and surface roughness of graphene facilitate the growth of high-quality ultrathin HfO<SUB>2</SUB> and suppress gate leakage. Strong displacement fields above 8 V/nm can be applied using a single graphene gate to electrostatically dope the MoS<SUB>2</SUB>, which reduces the contact resistances between Ni and monolayer MoS<SUB>2</SUB> to 2.3 kΩ·μm at low gate voltages. The devices exhibit excellent switching characteristics including a near-ideal subthreshold slope of 64 millivolts per decade, low threshold voltage (∼0.5 V), high channel conductance (>100 μS/μm), and low hysteresis. Scaled devices with 50 and 14 nm channels as well as ultrathin (5 nm) gate dielectrics show effective immunity to short-channel effects. The device fabricated on flexible polymeric substrate also exhibits high performance and has a fully transparent channel region that is desirable in optical-related studies and practical applications.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
김세환,문경준,오용석,박정하,신원호,정재영,최광식,진병관,Nikolai Kholodilov,Robert E Burke,김형준,하창만,이석근,김상룡 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-
We recently reported that adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (AAV1) transduction of murine nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons with constitutively active ras homolog enriched in brain with a mutation of serine to histidine at position 16 [Rheb(S16H)] induced the production of neurotrophic factors, resulting in neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal DA system in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). To further investigate whether AAV1-Rheb(S16H) transduction has neuroprotective potential against neurotoxic inflammation, which is known to be a potential event related to PD pathogenesis, we examined the effects of Rheb(S16H) expression in nigral DA neurons under a neurotoxic inflammatory environment induced by the endogenous microglial activator prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2). Our observations showed that Rheb(S16H) transduction played a role in the neuroprotection of the nigrostriatal DA system against pKr-2-induced neurotoxic inflammation, even though there were similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β), in the AAV1- Rheb(S16H)-treated substantia nigra (SN) compared to the SN treated with pKr-2 alone; the neuroprotective effects may be mediated by the activation of neurotrophic signaling pathways following Rheb(S16H) transduction of nigral DA neurons. We conclude that AAV1-Rheb(S16H) transduction of neuronal populations to activate the production of neurotrophic factors and intracellular neurotrophic signaling pathways may offer promise for protecting adult neurons from extracellular neurotoxic inflammation.
In Vivo AAV1 Transduction With hRheb(S16H) Protects Hippocampal Neurons by BDNF Production
Jeon, Min-Tae,Nam, Jin Han,Shin, Won-Ho,Leem, Eunju,Jeong, Kyoung Hoon,Jung, Un Ju,Bae, Young-Seuk,Jin, Young-Ho,Kholodilov, Nikolai,Burke, Robert E,Lee, Seok-Geun,Jin, Byung Kwan,Kim, Sang Ryong Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2015 MOLECULAR THERAPY Vol.23 No.3