Musclin Is Related to Insulin Resistance and Body Composition, but Not to Body Mass Index or Cardiorespiratory Capacity in Adults

Yeliana L. Sánchez,Manuela Yepes-Calderón,Luis Valbuena,Andrés F. Milán,María C. Trillos-Almanza,Sergio Granados,Miguel Peña,Mauricio Estrada-Castrillón,Juan C. Aristizábal,Raúl Narvez-Sanchez,Jaime G 대한내분비학회 2021 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.36 No.5

Background: We studied whether musclin function in humans is related to glycemic control, body composition, and cardiorespiratory capacity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in sedentary adults with or without metabolic syndrome (MS). Serum musclin wasmeasured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance (IR) was evaluated by the homeostatic model assessment(HOMA-IR). Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and muscle composition by measuring carnosine in the thigh, a surrogate of fiber types, through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cardiorespiratory capacity was assessed through direct ergospirometry. Results: The control (n=29) and MS (n=61) groups were comparable in age (51.5±6.5 years old vs. 50.7±6.1 years old), sex(72.4% vs. 70.5% women), total lean mass (58.5%±7.4% vs. 57.3%±6.8%), and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) (31.0±5.8mL O2./kg.min vs. 29.2±6.3 mL O2/kg.min). Individuals with MS had higher body mass index (BMI) (30.6±4.0 kg/m2 vs. 27.4±3.6 kg/m2), HOMA-IR (3.5 [95% confidence interval, CI, 2.9 to 4.6] vs. 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0]), and musclin (206.7 pg/mL [95%CI, 122.7 to 387.8] vs. 111.1 pg/mL [95% CI, 63.2 to 218.5]) values than controls (P˂0.05). Musclin showed a significant relationship with HOMA-IR (β=0.23; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.33; P˂0.01), but not with VO2peak, in multiple linear regression models adjusted forage, sex, fat mass, lean mass, and physical activity. Musclin was significantly associated with insulin, glycemia, visceral fat, and regional muscle mass, but not with BMI, VCO2peak, maximum heart rate, maximum time of work, or carnosine. Conclusion: In humans, musclin positively correlates with insulinemia, IR, and a body composition profile with high visceral adiposity and lean mass, but low body fat percentage. Musclin is not related to BMI or cardiorespiratory capacity.

Protective Effects of Sea Spaghetti-Enriched Restructured Pork Against Dietary Cholesterol: Effects on Arylesterase and Lipoprotein Profile and Composition of Growing Rats

Adriana R. Schultz Moreira,Raúl Olivero-David,Miguel Vázquez-Velasco,Laura González-Torres,Juana Benedí,Sara Bastida,Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.8

There is a general assumption that seaweeds are hypocholesterolemics and antioxidants. However, controversial results suggest specific properties for each individual alga. This study aims to assess the effect of including Sea Spaghetti alga (S) in a restructured-pork (RP) diet, both enriched and not enriched with dietary cholesterol, on arylesterase (AE) activity and lipoprotein concentration and composition of Wistar rats. Four groups of 10 growing male Wistar rats were each fed a mix of 85% AIN-93M diet and 15% freeze-dried RP for 5 weeks. The control group (C) consumed control RP-C; the S group consumed RP-S with 5% seaweeds; the Chol-C group consumed the C diet but enriched with cholesterol (2.43%) and cholic acid (0.49%); the Chol-S group consumed the S diet but enriched with cholesterol and cholic acid. AE activity was five times higher (P < .01) in S compared with C rats, but three times lower in Chol-S compared with Chol-C rats (P < .01). The Chol-C diet induced hypercholesterolemia but reduced triglycerides (TG), giving rise to the presence of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) that was enriched in cholesterol. The Chol-S diet partially blocked (P < .001) the hypercholesterolemic induction of the Chol-C diet, and reduced TG levels (P < .05) with respect to S rats. The cholesterol supplementation increased total cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, and intermediate-density lipoprotein + LDL-cholesterol (IDL + LDL)-cholesterol (P < .001) in Chol-C rats, but the effect was lower in the Chol-S diet. In conclusion, RP-S increases the antioxidant capacity within a noncholesterol enriched diet while improving the lipoprotein profile within a cholesterol-enriched diet.

External Validation of 3 Risk Scores in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Bunty K. Ramchandani,Luz Polo,Raúl Sánchez,Juvenal Rey,Álvaro González,Jesús Díez,Ángel Aroca 대한심장학회 2019 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.49 No.9

Background and Objectives: Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) are an increasing group of patients thanks to the survival of over 85% of children with CHD. 20% of these patients shall warrant a surgical procedure during their life span. However, currently there is no one risk score that assess correctly the mortality of these procedures. Thus, we analyse the risk scores used at our institution. Methods: From May 1991 till June 2017, 608 procedures in adults with CHD were performed. The 3 risk scores (risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery [RACHS-1], Aristotle, and Euroscore I) of each procedure were analysed. We used area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (c-index) to measure model discrimination, and Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) statistic along with calibration plots to measure calibration. Results: There was no statistical difference between the area under the curve for the 3 scores (χ2=0.58 with 2 df, p=0.750). There was no evidence of lack of fit for RACHS-1 (H-L, χ2=2.61; p=0.271) and Aristotle score (H-L, χ2=5.69; p=0.459). However, there was evidence in lack of calibration in the Euroscore I scoring system (H-L, χ2=33.69; p<0.001). The calibration slope for RACHS-1 was 0.912, for Aristotle (stratified in risk groups) was −0.14 and for Euroscore 1 (stratified in risk groups) was 0.46. Conclusions: RACHS-1 seems to be best risk scoring system for calculating mortality applied to surgery in adults with CHD.

Nutritional Needs in the Professional Practice of Swimming: a Review

Raúl Domínguez,Antonio Jesús-Sánchez-Oliver,Eduardo Cuenca,Pablo Jodra,Sandro Fernandes da Silva,Fernando Mata-Ordóñez 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.4

[Purpose] Swimming requires developing a high aerobic and anaerobic capacity for strength and technical efficiency. The purpose of this study was to establish the nutritional requirements and dietary strategies that can optimize swimming performance. [Methods] Several related studies retrieved from the databases, Dialnet, Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed, and Web of Science, through keyword search strategies were reviewed. [Results] The recommended carbohydrate intake ranges between 6-10-12 g/kg/d, protein 2 g/kg/d, and fat should surpass 20-25% of the daily intake. [Conclusion] Performance can be optimized with a hydration plan, as well as adequate periodization of supplements, such as caffeine, creatine, sodium bicarbonate, B-alanine, beetroot juice, Vitamin D, bovine colostrum, and HMB.

TP53 Polymorphisms allow for genetic sub-grouping of the canine transmissible venereal tumor

Abel Sánchez-Servín,Emilio Córdova-Alarcon,Raúl Fajardo,Simón Martínez 대한수의학회 2009 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.10 No.4

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is found mainly in dogs’ sexual organs. Currently, it is widely accepted that all samples of CTVT show similar histopathological characteristics and share common genetic alterations. Despite the common genetic origin of CTVT, mutations in the P53 gene have been reported. In this study, we proposed that tumor samples can be genetically grouped using this gene. The presence of different subgroups of CTVT was determined in Mexican dogs using the TP53 gene sequence in CTVT samples. Four new polymorphisms were found and therefore, the CTVT samples were classified in five subgroups.

A Bicentric Propensity Matched Analysis of 158 Patients Comparing Porcine Versus Bovine Stented Bioprosthetic Valves in Pulmonary Position

Bunty Ramchandani,Raúl Sánchez,Juvenal Rey,Luz Polo,Álvaro Gonzalez,Maria-Jesús Lamas,Tomasa Centella,Jesús Díez,Ángel Aroca 대한심장학회 2022 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.52 No.8

Background and Objectives: Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) is the most common operation in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). There is controversy regarding the best bioprosthesis. We compare the performance of stented bioprosthetic valves (the Mosaic [Medtronic™] porcine pericardial against Carpentier Perimount Magna Ease [Edwards™] bovine) in pulmonary position in patients with CHD. Methods: Between January 1999 and December 2019, all the PVRs were identified from hospital databases in 2 congenital heart centres in Spain. Valve performance was evaluated using clinical and echocardiographic criteria. Propensity score matching was used to balance the 2 treatment groups. Results: Three hundred nineteen patients were retrospectively identified. After statistical adjustment, 79 propensity-matched pairs were available for comparison Freedom from reintervention for the porcine cohort was 98.3%, 96.1%, and 91.9% at 3, 5, and 10 years and 100%, 98%, and 90.8% for the bovine cohort (p=0.88). Freedom from structural valve degeneration (SVD) for the porcine cohort was 96.9%, 92.8% and 88.7% at 3, 5, and 10 years and 100%, 98%, and 79.1% for the bovine cohort (p=0.38). Bovine prosthesis was associated with a reintervention hazard ratio (HR), 1.12; 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 0.24–5.26; p=0.89 and SVD HR, 1.69 (0.52–5.58); p=0.38. In the first 5 years, there was no difference in outcomes. After 5 years, the recipients of the bovine bioprosthesis were at higher risk for SVD (reintervention HR, 2.08 [0.27–16.0]; p=0.49; SVD HR, 6.99 [1.23–39.8]; p=0.03). Conclusions: Both bioprosthesis have similar outcomes up to 5 years, afterwards, porcine bioprosthesis seem to have less SVD.