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Makiya, R.,Totani, T.,Takeuchi, T.T.,Nagashima, M.,Kobayashi, M.A.R. The Korean Astronomical Society 2012 天文學論叢 Vol.27 No.4
We will report our recent study on the properties of more than 1,600 galaxies detected by the AKARI All-Sky Survey with physical quantities based on optical and 21-cm observations, to understand the physics determining the infrared spectral energy distribution (Totani et al., 2011). We discover a tight linear correlation for normal star-forming galaxies between the radiation field strength of dust heating (corresponding to dust temperature) and the galactic-scale infrared radiation field, $L_{TIR}/R^2$. This is the tightest correlation of dust temperature ever known, and the dispersion along the mean relation is 13% in dust temperature. This relation can be explained physically by a thin layer of heating sources embedded in a thicker, optically-thick dust screen. We also find that the number of galaxies sharply drops when galaxies become optically thin against dust-heating radiation, indicating that a feedback process to galaxy formation (e.g., by the photoelectric heating) is working when dust-heating radiation is not self-shielded on a galactic scale. We discuss implications from these findings for the $M_{H_I}$ -size relation, the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation, and galaxy formation in the cosmological context.
Application of Molecular Biology to Rumen Microbes -Review-
Kobayashi, Y.,Onodera, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.1
Molecular biological techniques that recently developed, have made it possible to realize some of new attempts in the research field of rumen microbiology. Those are 1) cloning of genes from rumen microorganisms mainly in E. coli, 2) transformation of rumen bacteria and 3) ecological analysis with nonculturing methods. Most of the cloned genes are for polysaccharidase enzymes such as endoglucanase, xylanase, amylase, chitinase and others, and the cloning rendered gene structural analyses by sequencing and also characterization of the translated products through easier purification. Electrotransformation of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola have been made toward the direction for obtaining more fibrolytic, acid-tolerant, depoisoning or essential amino acids-producing rumen bacterium. These primarily required stable and efficient gene transfer systems. Some vectors, constructed from native plasmids of rumen bacteria, are now available for successful gene introduction and expression in those rumen bacterial species. Probing and PCR-based methodologies have also been developed for detecting specific bacterial species and even strains. These are much due to accumulation of rRNA gene sequences of rumen microbes in databases. Although optimized analytical conditions are essential to reliable and reproducible estimation of the targeted microbes, the methods permit long term storage of frozen samples, providing us ease in analytical work as compared with a traditional method based on culturing. Moreover, the methods seem to be promissing for obtaining taxonomic and evolutionary information on all the rumen microbes, whether they are culturable or not.
Kobayashi, T,Kim, J H,Lee, S R,Araki, H,Ono, T IEEE 2010 IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters Vol.7 No.3
<P>Simultaneous observations of Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) and Laser ALTimeter (LALT) of Kaguya, a Japanese lunar exploration project, were carried out for the purpose of mapping regolith layer thickness of the Moon. Nadir surface echo of a high-frequency (5 MHz) pulse of LRS interferes the shallow (<; 10 m) subsurface echo from the bottom of the regolith layer, which subsequently makes the apparent surface be detected at a range deviated from the actual surface range, while the actual surface range is optically detected by LALT. Regolith layer thickness information is retrieved from this range difference after an inversion process. So far, four major maria on the near side of the Moon (Maria Tranquillitatis, Serenitatis, Imbrium, and Oceanus Procellarum) have been investigated, and the mean regolith layer thicknesses of the four maria were found to be about the same, ranging from 6.3 to 6.9 m. However, spatial distribution of areal regolith thickness appears different in eastern maria from western maria, which implies a difference of the growth history of the regolith layer.</P>
Unconventional Superconductivity in f-Electron Systems
Y. Onuki,R. Settai,T. Takeuchi,Y. Haga,E. Yamamoto,N. Tateiwa,M. Nakashima,H. Shishido,T. C. Kobayashi,D. Aoki 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.2
We report pressure-induced superconductivity in antiferromagnetic cerium compounds and a ferromagnetic uranium compound, focusing on the relation between the superconducting state and the Fermi surface instability in CeRhIn5 and the huge upper critical eld Hc2 in CeIrSi3 without inversion symmetry in the crystal structure. The pairing interaction is well correlated with ferromagnetism, as well as antiferromagnetism or antiferromagnetic uctuations. In the recently discovered superconductor NpPd5Al2, superconductivity is found to be located in the vicinity of an antiferromagnetically ordered state. The upper critical field Hc2 is strongly supressed by the large paramagneic eect, and the corresponding magnetization curve indicates a step-like increase at Hc2, producing a first-order phase transition. We report pressure-induced superconductivity in antiferromagnetic cerium compounds and a ferromagnetic uranium compound, focusing on the relation between the superconducting state and the Fermi surface instability in CeRhIn5 and the huge upper critical eld Hc2 in CeIrSi3 without inversion symmetry in the crystal structure. The pairing interaction is well correlated with ferromagnetism, as well as antiferromagnetism or antiferromagnetic uctuations. In the recently discovered superconductor NpPd5Al2, superconductivity is found to be located in the vicinity of an antiferromagnetically ordered state. The upper critical field Hc2 is strongly supressed by the large paramagneic eect, and the corresponding magnetization curve indicates a step-like increase at Hc2, producing a first-order phase transition.