Load-transferring mechanism and evaluation theory of bolt with single and double nut fasteners

Qiyu Li,Dachang Zhang,Hao Xu,Yibi Li,Weiqun Chen,Kaixuan Zhang 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.86 No.2

The use of the ordinary double nut (i.e., ODN) composed of a master nut (i.e., M-nut) and a slave nut (i.e., S-nut) is a highly efficient method to prevent bolts loosening. A novel double nut (i.e., FODN) composed of a master nut (i.e., M-nut) and flat slave nut (i.e., FS-nut) is proposed to save raw materials. The bolt fastening tests with single nut, ODN and FODN are performed to investigate the preload and counterbalance forces. Corresponding finite element analysis (FEA) models are established and validated by comparing the preload with the experimental results. The load-bearing capacity, the extrusion effect, and the contact stress of each engaged thread for ODN and FODN are observed by FEA. The experimental and simulated results revealed that the bolt fastening with double-nut has different load-transferring mechanisms from single-nut. Nevertheless, for double-nut/bolt assemblies, the FS-nut can provide load transfer that is like that of the S-nut, and the FODN is a reasonable and reliable fastening method. Furthermore, based on the theory of Yamamoto, a formula considering the extrusion effect is proposed to calculate the preload distribution of the double-nut, which is applicable to varying thicknesses of slave-nuts in double-nut/bolt assemblies.

Study on the Impact of Silicon Doping Level on the Trench Profile Using Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching

Zhe Cao,Qiyu Huang,Chuanrui Zhao,Qing Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.6

Metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) has been used as a promising alternativemethod to fabricate micro/nano-structures on silicon substrates inexpensively. In thispaper, profiles of deep trenches on silicon substrates, with different doping levels,fabricated by MACE were studied. A layer of interconnected gold islands was firstdeposited onto the silicon substrate as catalyst. Electrochemical etching was thenperformed in a hydrofluoric acid (HF) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mixturesolution with different HF-to-H2O2 ratio ρ (ρ = [HF]/([HF] + [H2O2])). Vertical deeptrenches were fabricated successfully by using this method. It was observed thateven under identical experimental condition, sidewalls with various tilting anglesand different morphology could still form on silicon substrates with differentresistivity. This possibly because with different resistivity silicon substrate, thegradient of holes in it greatly changed, and so did the final morphology. As a result,the tilting angle of etched trench sidewall can be tuned from 6 ° to 96 ° using siliconsubstrates with different resistivity and etchants with different ρ. By applying theangle-tuning technique revealed in this study, high aspect ratio patterns with verticalsidewalls could be fabricated and three-dimensional complex structures could bedesigned and realized in the future.

Metrosexual trend in facial care products: Analysis of factors that influence young Chinese men purchasing intention

Candy Lim Chiu,Qiyue Wang,Han-Chiang Ho,Jiang Zhang,Fusu Zhao 한국마케팅과학회 2019 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.10 No.4

Chinese men are now confronted by the very same pressures that women have faced in attempting to attain the ideal physical appearance which leads to more men are spending money on skincare products. This paper applies the ABC (affect-behaviorcognition) model of attitudes and aims to identify factors that influence the affective and cognitive attitude of young Chinese male consumers towards purchasing intention of men’s facial care products. The conceptual model was tested using sets of questionnaires that are distributed to male university students. The total sample consists of 402 respondents. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used as a statistical method to assess the statistical significance of the proposed relationships among sets of observed variables. The results indicated that social recognition, social expectation, and word-of-mouth significantly influence Chinese young men affective component to buy facial care products, while cognition component successfully mediated between word-of-mouth, aesthetic appearance, health concern, and purchase intention. Although facial care products are traditionally associated with women, the current research contributes to knowledge of the importance and trend of the men’s facial care segment in Asia.

A Novel Prediction-based Spectrum Allocation Mechanism for Mobile Cognitive Radio Networks

( Yao Wang ),( Zhongzhao Zhang ),( Qiyue Yu ),( Jiamei Chen ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.9

The spectrum allocation is an attractive issue for mobile cognitive radio (CR) network. However, the time-varying characteristic of the spectrum allocation is not fully investigated. Thus, this paper originally deduces the probabilities of spectrum availability and interference constrain in theory under the mobile environment. Then, we propose a prediction mechanism of the time-varying available spectrum lists and the dynamic interference topologies. By considering the node mobility and primary users` (PUs`) activity, the mechanism is capable of overcoming the static shortcomings of traditional model. Based on the mechanism, two prediction-based spectrum allocation algorithms, prediction greedy algorithm (PGA) and prediction fairness algorithm (PFA), are presented to enhance the spectrum utilization and improve the fairness. Moreover, new utility functions are redefined to measure the effectiveness of different schemes in the mobile CR network. Simulation results show that PGA gets more average effective spectrums than the traditional schemes, when the mean idle time of PUs is high. And PFA could achieve good system fairness performance, especially when the speeds of cognitive nodes are high.

Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera L. (paper mulberry) silage on dry matter intake, milk composition, antioxidant capacity and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

Si, Bingwen,Tao, Hui,Zhang, Xiaoli,Guo, Jiangpeng,Cui, Kai,Tu, Yan,Diao, Qiyu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.8

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the possible application of Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) silage as a functional feeding stuff in dairy cattle. Methods: Seventy-two Holstein cows were divided into four groups randomly and allocated to 6 pens with 3 individuals in each group and fed the original total mixed ratio (TMR) in the dairy farm or the new TMR with 5%, 10%, and 15% B. papyrifera silage, separately. Feed intake were recorded, milk and blood samples were collected, and milk composition, blood metabolites and milk fatty acids composition were measure at the end of the experiment. Results: Dry matter intake of cows decreased when they fed on diet with B. papyrifera, but no differences were observed in body condition score, milk yield, milk protein and lactose, feed efficiency and serum metabolites between groups. Both 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage in the diet significantly increased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in serum, 15% of B. papyrifera silage increased the content of serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased the content of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, 10% or 15% of B. papyrifera silage resulted in a significant decrease in the milk somatic cell count, and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids content in the milk. Conclusion: The diets with 10% to 15% of B. papyrifera silage might enhance the immune and antioxidant function of dairy cows and increase the polyunstaturated fatty acid concentration in the milk.

The Limiting Sequence and Proper Ratio of Lysine, Methionine and Threonine for Calves Fed Milk Replacers Containing Soy Protein

Wang, Jianhong,Diao, Qiyu,Tu, Yan,Zhang, Naifeng,Xu, Xiancha Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2

The limiting sequence and relative ratio of lysine (Lys), methionine (Met), and threonine (Thr) for calves about 2 mo of age fed milk replacers (MR) containing soy protein are not clearly defined. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of supplementing MR containing 22% CP, half from soy protein concentrate (SPC, 40.56% CP, flour) and half from whey proteins, with Lys, Met, and Thr to estimate amino acid (AA) sequence and their relative ratio for calves about 2 mo of age. A method of partial deduction of AA was adopted. Twenty-four newborn calves (half males and half females, $40.7{\pm}0.9$ kg of BW) were fed 1 of 4 MR diets for 56 d (n = 6/diet). The diets were supplemented with all (positive control) or with 2 of the 3 AAs: Lys, Met and Thr, (i.e., PC (22% CP, 2.34% Lys, 0.72% Met and 1.80% Thr), PC-Lys (22% CP, 1.64% Lys, 0.72% Met and 1.80% Thr), PC-Met (22% CP, 2.34% Lys, 0.50% Met and 1.80% Thr), and PC-Thr (22% CP, 2.34% Lys, 0.72% Met and 1.26% Thr)). Calves were fed thrice daily; starter (20% CP, 1.03% Lys, 0.30% Met and 0.69% Thr), hay (3.23% CP, 0.29% Lys, 0.12% Met and 0.23% Thr) and water were offered free choice. Starter and hay were only offered beginning on d 36 (after 5 wk) and d 43 (after 6 wk), respectively. BW, body size and blood samples measures were taken every two weeks. Three-day total collection of feed refusals, feces, and urine were recorded starting at d 33 and d 54 of age, respectively. From the results, the limiting sequence and relative ratio between the 3 AAs in calves with different diet structures were calculated. The limiting sequence of the 3 AAs were ranked as Lys, Met and Thr; the proper ratio was 100:29:70 for MR-only diet and 100:30:60 for diets consisted of MR, starter and hay. Nitrogen digestion and utilization and nutrient digestibility were negatively affected by AA deletion treatments. From the evidence of this experiment, it did not appear that the AA limiting sequence was selectively altered by differences in diet structures such as would be encountered in practice. The relative ratio between the 3 AAs varied with the offer of starter and hay to calves, and the average ratio was 100:29.5:65 for calves during 2 to 10 wk of age.

Pretreatments of Broussonetia papyrifera: in vitro assessment on gas and methane production, fermentation characteristic, and methanogenic archaea profile

Dong Lifeng,Gao Yanhua,Jing Xuelan,Guo Huiping,Zhang Hongsen,Lai Qi,Diao Qiyu 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.9

Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment. Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation. Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production. Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems. Objective: The present study was conducted to examine the gas production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community composition of a rumen fluid culture with Broussonetia papyrifera (B. papyrifera) subjected to ensiling or steam explosion (SE) pretreatment.Methods: Fresh B. papyrifera was collected and pretreated by ensiling or SE, which was then fermented with ruminal fluids as ensiled B. papyrifera group, steam-exploded B. papyrifera group, and untreated B. papyrifera group. The gas and methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and methanogenic community were determined during the fermentation.Results: Cumulative methane production was significantly improved with SE pretreatment compared with ensiled or untreated biomass accompanied with more volatile fatty acids production. After 72 h incubation, SE and ensiling pretreatments decreased the acid detergent fiber contents by 39.4% and 22.9%, and neutral detergent fiber contents by 10.6% and 47.2%, respectively. Changes of methanogenic diversity and abundance of methanogenic archaea corresponded to the variations in fermentation pattern and methane production.Conclusion: Compared with ensiling pretreatment, SE can be a promising technique for the efficient utilization of B. papyrifera, which would contribute to sustainable livestock production systems.

LncRNA AIRN infl uences the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating STAT1 ubiquitination

Huajie Cai,Yihu Zheng,Zhengde Wen,Yingnan Yang,Shouzhang Yang,Qiyu Zhang 대한약학회 2021 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.44 No.4

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) havebeen implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In this study, we probed into the role and potentialmechanisms of the antisense of IGF2R non-protein codingRNA (LncRNA AIRN) in the progression of hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). Using a quantitative real-timepolymerase chain reaction, we corroborated that LncRNAAIRN expression was raised in the HCC tissues and cells. The bioinformatic analysis revealed that a potential interactionbetween LncRNA AIRN and STAT1, which wasverifi ed by the RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation. In the cycloheximide-chase assay, the knockdown ofLncRNA AIRN enhanced the stability of STAT1 protein. Inthe immunoprecipitation assay, the knockdown of LncRNAAIRN restrained the cullin 4A (CUL4A)-mediated ubiquitinationof STAT1 protein. The cell transfection, MTT andfl ow cytometry assays expounded that the LncRNA AIRN/STAT1 axis was bound up with the regulation of the proliferationand apoptosis of HCC cells. The in vivo experimentscorroborated that the knockdown of LncRNA AIRNrestrained the tumor growth of HCC. Our data expoundedthat the knockdown of LncRNA AIRN restrained HCC cellproliferation and boosted cell apoptosis by restraining theCUL4A-mediated ubiquitination of STAT1 protein.

Net Phosphorus Requirements of Dorper×Thin-tailed Han Crossbred Ram Lambs

Ji, Shoukun,Xu, Guishan,Jiang, Chenggang,Deng, Kaidong,Tu, Yan,Zhang, Naifeng,Ma, Tao,Lou, Can,Diao, Qiyu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.9

A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to estimate the phosphorus (P) requirement for maintenance and growth of crossbred lambs of Dorper with a Chinese indigenous sheep breed, thin-tailed Han sheep. Thirty-five Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred, noncastrated ram lambs ($20.3{\pm}0.22kg$ of shrunk body weight (SBW)) were used. Seven lambs were randomly chosen and slaughtered at 20 kg SBW as the baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 28 kg SBW. The remaining 21 sheep were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 sheep each and subject to the same diet of either 70 or 40% of ad libitum intake. The 3 groups were slaughtered when the sheep fed ad libitum reached 35 kg of SBW. Body P contents were determined after slaughter. The results showed that the net P requirement for maintenance was 30.0 mg/kg of empty body weight (EBW) or 23.4 mg/kg body weight (BW), and the P requirement for growth decreased from 5.3 to 5.0 g/kg of EBW gain as the lamb grew from 20 to 35 kg. The net P requirement for growth of Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred ram lambs was lower than that of sheep adopted by the American nutritional system.