Impact of General Factors on Glioma Immunotherapy

Qilin Huang,Dongmei Wang,Guojie Yao,Hongxiang Wang 대한신경과학회 2022 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.18 No.1

Glioma remains the most common malignant tumor in the brain and is also the most difficult to treat. Immunotherapy achieving long-lasting tumor remission in multiple cancer types has received considerable attention due to its potential to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with glioma. However, clinical trials have not yet demonstrated major improvements in prognoses, which might be attributable to the extrinsic components and intrinsic mechanisms involved in the tumor microenvironment and immune system. It is particularly noteworthy that there is emerging evidence that current routine treatment modalities and the physical and psychological characteristics of patients have different impacts on the efficacy of glioma immunotherapy. This article addresses how these factors interact with the host immune system and tumor microenvironment, and highlights their potential roles in glioma immunotherapy, with the ultimate goal of developing better immunotherapybased personalized medicine strategies.

Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Selective Determination of Usnic Acid and Application in Pharmacokinetic Study

Fang, Minfeng,Wang, Hui,Wu, Yang,Wang, Qilin,Zhao, Xinfeng,Zheng, Xiaohui,Wang, Shixiang,Zhao, Guifang Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

A rapid and sensitive method for determining usnic acid of Lethariella cladonioides in rat was established using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) tandem mass (MS/MS). Rat plasma was pretreated by mixture of acetonitrile and chloroform to precipitate plasma proteins. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a column ($50{\times}2.1$ mm, $5{\mu}m$) with a mobile phase consisting of water (containing $5{\times}10^{-3}$ M ammonium formate, pH was adjusted to 3.0 with formic acid) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface was conducted via collision induced dissociation (CID) under negative ionization mode. The MS/MS transitions monitored were m/z 343.0448 ${\rightarrow}$ m/z 313.2017 for usnic acid and m/z 153.1024 ${\rightarrow}$ m/z 136.2136 for protocatechuic acid (internal standard). The linear range was calculated to be 2.0-160.0 ng/mL with a detection limit of 3.0 pg/mL. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were within ${\pm}7.0%$. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the apartment of usnic acid in vivo confirmed to be a two compartment open model. The method was fully valid and will probably be an alternative for pharmacokinetic study of usnic acid.

Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Selective Determination of Usnic Acid and Application in Pharmacokinetic Study

Minfeng Fang,Hui Wang,Yang Wu,Qilin Wang,Xinfeng Zhao,Xiao-Hui Zheng,Shixiang Wang,Guifang Zhao 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

A rapid and sensitive method for determining usnic acid of Lethariella cladonioides in rat was established using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) tandem mass (MS/MS). Rat plasma was pretreated by mixture of acetonitrile and chloroform to precipitate plasma proteins. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a column (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of water (containing 5 × 10−3 M ammonium formate, pH was adjusted to 3.0 with formic acid) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface was conducted via collision induced dissociation (CID) under negative ionization mode. The MS/MS transitions monitored were m/z 343.0448 → m/z 313.2017 for usnic acid and m/z 153.1024 → m/z 136.2136 for protocatechuic acid (internal standard). The linear range was calculated to be 2.0-160.0 ng/mL with a detection limit of 3.0 pg/mL. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were within ± 7.0%. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the apartment of usnic acid in vivo confirmed to be a two compartment open model. The method was fully valid and will probably be an alternative for pharmacokinetic study of usnic acid.

The interface and its role in carrier transfer/recombination dynamics for the planar perovskite solar cells prepared under fully open air conditions

Fei Wang,Yiqing Chen,Guotao Han,Qianlong Zhang,Qilin Ma 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.10

The planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells, where the perovskite film is deposited directly onto a flat hole blocking layer, have recently attracted a great deal of attention owing to their high performance and ease of processing. However, the interface and its underlying role in carrier transport/recombination kinetics for such perovskite devices prepared under ambient air is still obscure. Herein, we addressed this issue by a dynamic intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) model using a continuity equation. The interface and its role in charge-carrier transport/recombination kinetics have been explored and discussed as an approach to understand the origin of the photovoltaic properties for the devices prepared under ambient air. The experimental IMVS responses were measured and satisfactorily fitted to the analytical results. Compared to the typical IMVS model based on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the better IMVS fitting results presented in this study indicated that there was a discrepancy between the planar perovskite devices and those of DSSCs in electron transport/recombination properties, because carrier transfer across the TiO2/liquid electrolyte interface in DSSCs has been modified. That is, the Schottky interface in DSSCs needs to be replaced by the semiconductor heterojunction interface in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Besides, the interface exhibits a more significant role in determining the carrier transport/recombination process by influencing the boundary conditions in a continuity equation. Furthermore, the intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy responses demonstrated that the carrier recombination characteristic is ultimately related with the surface and defect density in the interface. Interfacial modification, such as air-annealing, resulting in crystallographic changes, oxygen passivation, and variation in grain domain size, could suppress carrier recombination and prolong charge lifetime, which can yield more photo-generated electrons to be collected by anode, subsequently resulting in strikingly improving photovoltaic performance of the devices. In short, the dynamic IMVS model would help in elucidating the role of interface and the importance of interfacial modification or even interface design in order to obtain a highly efficient solar cell. The study can not only pave the way to construct the currentvoltage curve using a continuity equation model, but also provide new insights into the performance-improving steps for the PSCs prepared under fully open air conditions, which is of great importance for their future commercialization.

Insight into Fundamental Rules of Phenylenediamines Selective Monoacylation by the Comparisons of Kinetic Characteristics in Microreactor

Xu Qilin,Liu Ji Ming,Yao Hongmiao,Zhao Jinyang,Wang Zhikuo,Liu Junli,Zhou Jiadi,Yu Zhiqun,Su Weike 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.10

In this paper, the kinetics of acylation reaction of o-phenylenediamine/p-phenylenediamine and benzoic anhydride were determined in microreactors, respectively. A kinetic model was established, all kinetic parameters including reaction orders, reaction rate constants, pre-exponential factors, and activation energies were acquired. Validation experiments showed experimental data fit well with calculated data at different reactant concentrations and residence times. The comparisons of the reaction rate constants and activation energies were summarized to show the difference of chemical reactivities of phenylenediamines. According to the calculation of the kinetic model, the optimized reaction conditions were listed to meet the monoacylation selectivity equal to 97.0%.

Electrical properties and morphology of highly conductive composites based on polypropylene and hybrid fillers

Gu Zheming,Wang Gengchao,Zhang Ling,Cheng Qilin,Li Xiaohui,Wang Wendong,Jin Shilei,Li Chunzhong 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.1

Electrically conductive polypropylene/hybrid filler (PP/GO–MWNTs) and PP/MWNTs composite have been prepared via melt blending PP with the hybrid filler (multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphite oxide (GO)) and the single filler (MWNTs), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to research the interior morphology of the GO–MWNTs hybrid filler, and the dispersion of the hybrid filler in the PP matrix is also observed by SEM. The results show that a clear reduction in electrical resistivity and percolation threshold of PP/GO–MWNTs composite can be ascribed to the corporation of GO. The electrical properties of PP composites were improved owing to the effective conductive networks formed by hybrid filler.

Microcystic Stromal Tumor of Testicle: First Case Report and Literature Review

Pengcheng Zhu,Yaqi Duan,Qilin Ao,Guoping Wang 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4

Microcystic stromal tumor (MCST) is a rare subtype of sex cord-stromal neoplasm. Tumors from all 31 previously reported cases were located in the ovary. Herein, we present a unique case of a right-side testicular tumor in a 33-year-old Chinese male. The tumor is composed of predominantly lobulated cellular nodules separated by hyalinized fibrous stroma and they expressed CD10, -catenin (nuclear), and cyclin D1. Molecular analysis identified a point mutation (c.110C>G) in exon 3 of CTNNB1. The histopathological features, immunohistochemistry profiles, and molecular analysis of this tumor were consistent with MCST of the ovary. Therefore, a diagnosis of MCST of the right testicle was determined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of MCST occurring in the testicles. The study may provide new insights to the tumor biology of MCST and a better understanding of this rare entity.

The ethics of COVID-19 clinical trials: New considerations in a controversial area

Zhenzhen Han,Junting Wang,Kai Zhang,Qilin Tang 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.3

Genetically predicted physical activity is associated with lower serum urate concentrations

Guan Ying,Wei Jiahe,Meng Lifeng,Li Yasong,Wang Tianle,Chen Dingwan,Qian Qilin 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.7

Background: Physical activity (PA) is considered to play an important role in the reduced gout risk. However, the epidemiology results are inconsistent and causality remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the causal relationship of PA with serum urate concentrations and gout risk by a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Method: Two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) from UK Biobank were used to identify instrumental variables for self-reported moderate-to-vigorous PA (including 377,234 European individuals), accelerometer-measured 'average acceleration' PA (including 91,084 European individuals) and accelerometer-measured overall PA (including 91,105 European individuals). The summary data for serum urate (including 110,347 European individuals) and gout (including 2,115 cases and 67,259 controls) were derived from GWAS of Global Urate Genetics Consortium. Moreover, reverse direction Mendelian randomization study was conducted. The inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, Mendelian randomization Egger regression, simple mode and weighted mode and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier were methods we performed. Result: Genetic predisposition to accelerometer-measured 'average acceleration' PA [beta = -0.038; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.060,-0.015; P = 0.001] and accelerometer-measured overall PA (beta = -0.339; 95% CI = -0.522,-0.156; P = 2.8E-4) were significantly associated with decreased serum urate concentrations. Besides, there was no evidence supporting the causal association between PA and gout risk. In the reverse direction analysis, genetic predisposition to both urate and gout were not associated with PA being investigated. Conclusions: In MR study, we found that PA may reduce serum urate concentrations but not the risk of gout. Moreover, serum urate concentrations and gout were not associated with PA.

Isolation and characterization of a novel piezotolerant bacterium Lysinibacillus yapensis sp. nov., from deep-sea sediment of the Yap Trench, Pacific Ocean

Libo Yu,Xixiang Tang,Shiping Wei,Yinkun Qiu,Xiashutong Xu,Guangxin Xu,Qilin Wang,Qian Yang 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.7

A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium, designated YLB-03T, with peritrichous flagella was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Yap Trench at a depth of 4435 m. The bacterium was found to be catalase-positive but oxidase-negative. Growth of this bacterium was observed at 15–50°C (optimum 37°C), pH 5–10.5 (optimum 7), 0–5% NaCl (optimum 1%, w/v) and 0.1–50 MPa (optimum 0.1 MPa). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YLB-03T was a member of the genus Lysinibacillus. Strain YLB-03T was closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1T and Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2T (98.4%), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM- 612T (98.0%), Lysinibacillus telephonicus KT735049T (97.5%), Lysinibacillus endophyticus C9T (97.5%), Lysinibacillus composti NCCP-36T and Lysinibacillus massiliensis 4400831T (97.3%). The ANI and the GGDC DNA-DNA hybridization estimate values between strain YLB-03T and closely related type strains were 73.7–76.3% and 34.7–38.7%, respectively. The principal fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 39.6 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be MK-7. The diagnostic amino acids in the cell wall peptidoglycan contained Lys-Asp (type A4α) and the cell-wall sugars were glucose and xylose. The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unidentified phospholipid. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain YLB-03T represents a novel species within the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus yapensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain YLB-03T (= MCCC 1A12698T = JCM 32871T).