Studies on the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Drymaria cordata Willd

Pulok K. Mukherjee,Kakali Mukherjee,S. Bhattacharya,M. Pal,B. p. Saha 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.2

In folklore medicine Drymaria cordata Willd (Family-Caryophyllaceae) is reported to have laxative and anti-febrile properties along with anti-inflammatory activities. Sikkimis used this plant to treat all these ailments. The anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract of D. cordata was investigated against carrageenin, histamine, serotonin, dextran and PGE₁ induced rat hind paw oedema. It exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity against all these phlogestic agents except PGE₁ in the order of carrageenin $gt; serotonin $gt; histamine. All these effects were compared with standard drug phenylbutazone in both the acute and chronic experimental models in albino rats.

Studies on the Anti-diarrheal Profiles of Bauhinia purpurea Linn Leaves (Fam . Caesalpiniaceae) Extract

Pulok K. Mukherjee,T. K. Gopal,T. subburaju,S. P. Dhanbal,B. Duraiswamy,K. Elango,B. Suresh 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.4

To evaluate the anti-diarrheal potential of the leaves of Bauhinia purpurea Linn., investigations were performed on different animal models e.g. castor oil induced diarrhea in rats and gastrointestinal motility test by using charcoal meal. In both the models the ethanolic extract of the leaves showed significant activity when compared to control group. The group treated with standard anti-diarrheal agent also showed significant activity comparing with control. Thus this study establishes the efficacy of Bauhinia purpurea Linn. leaves as an anti-diarrheal as claimed in folklore.

Studies on in-vivo Wound Healing Activity of Leaf Extract of Hypericum mysorense with Different Wound Model in Rats

Pulok K. Mukherjee,B. Suresh 한국생약학회 2000 Natural Product Sciences Vol.6 No.2

The wound healing potential of the methanol extract of Hypericum mysorense Wight and Arn. Leaves (Family: Hypericaceae) was evaluated on different experimental models of wounds in rats. The methanol extract of leaves of Hypericum mysorense (HMM), in the form of ointment in two different concentrations (5% and 10% w/w ointment of aerial part extract in simple ointment base) was evaluated for wound healing potential in excision wound model and incision wound model in rats. Both the concentrations of the methanol extract ointment showed significant responses in both the wound types tested when compared with the control group. The effect produced by the extract ointment, in terms of wound contracting ability, wound closure time, regeneration of tissues at wound site, tensile strength of the wound and histopathological characteristics were comparable to those of a standard drug Nitrofurazone ointment.

Hypericum source of natural antimicrobials

Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Wahile, Atul,Ahamed, KFH Nazeer,Rajan, S. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2003 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.3 No.3

Plants of the genus Hypericum (Family - Hypericaceae) are herbs, shrubs or small trees and are distributed chiefly in the temperate regions of the world. About 400 different species of Hypericum are available throughout the globe and 20 species occur in India, including a few cultivated in gardens. Almost all plants of the genus Hypericum are widely used in folk medicine. Several potent phytoconstituents from different Hypericum species have led to the isolation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic compounds. With the development of resistance and cross resistance with different microorganisms and the evolution of so many deadly diseases the screening and evaluation of the phytoconstituents so much so the development of varied phytoconstituents for the drug development for these deadly diseases is utmost essential in every aspects. The present review on the antimicrobial use of different Hypericum reports the findings from and extensive literature search on the Hypericum species around the globe that have been assessed for antimicrobial and antiviral activity. An attempt has been made through this review to summarize the information in this aspect in order to highlight the promising species of this genus which are worthy for further investigation as leads for drug development. Over 31 different Hypericum species have been reported to possess such activities with their varied number of phytoconstituents. Sixteen different constituents of six different classes of phytoconstituents have been reported to be present in different varieties of Hypericum, which may be considered responsible for this activity.

Antiinflammatory Evaluation of Leucas lavandulaefolia Rees. Extract

Saha, Kakali,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Das, J.,Mandal, Subhash C.,Saha, B.P.,Pal, M. The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1996 Natural Product Sciences Vol.2 No.2

The antiinflammatory activity of the methanol extract of Leucas lavandulaefolia Rees was evaluated on different experimental models of inflammation in rats. The extract has been found to possess significant, inhibitory activity against carrageenin, histamine, serotonin, and dextran induced hind paw oedema in rats. The effect produced by extract was comparable to that of phenylbutazone and a prototype, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent.

Antioxidant potentials of Hypericum hookerianum (Family: Hypericaceae) on CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Wahile, Atul,Mukherjee, Kakali,Kumar, Venkatesan,Saha, Bishnu Pada,Mukherjee, Pulok K Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.1

Free radicals are known to play important role in pathophysiology of hepatic disorders and antioxidants are employed along with other chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of such diseases. In search of natural antioxidant, successive extracts of Hypericum (H.) hookerianum (Family: Hypericaceae) were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. Extracts of aerial parts of H. hookerianum were subjected for 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), nitric oxide radicals scavenging assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Methanolic extract was found to be more active than other extracts in DPPH and in vitro TBARS assay with $IC_{50}$ at 5.82 ${\pm}$ 1.33 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 49.78 ${\pm}$ 3.79 ${\mu}g/ml$ respectively. While petroleum ether extract showed more potentials in scavenging the nitric oxide radicals with $IC_{50}$ 220.97 ${\pm}$ 2.69 ${\mu}g/ml$. The administration of $CCl_{4}$ to the control animals caused decrease in the level of catalase and superoxide dismutase, together with significant increase in the level of TBARS in liver and kidney. Reversal of these changes towards normal group was observed by administration of H. hookerianum methanolic extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, while other extracts were found to be less active.

Studies on in vivo Wound Healing Activity of Cassia fistula Linn . Leaves (Leguminosae) in Rats

T. Bhakta,Pulok K. Mukherjee,Kakali Mukherjee,M. Pal,B. p. Saha 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.2

Cassia fistula commonly known as Sundali was selected to evaluate its wound healing potentials based on traditional use and literature references. Methanol extract of C. fistula leaves were examined for its wound healing property in the form of an ointment in two types of wound models in rats : i) Excision wound model and ii) Incision wound model. The ointment of the leaf extract of two different concentrations (5% and 10% w/w ointment of leaves extract in simple ointment base) responded significantly in both models of wounds tested. The results were also comparable to that of standard drug, nitrofurazone in terms of wound contraction ability, epithelisation period, tensile strength and regeneration of tissue at wound area.

Oriental medicine mangifera indica

Rai, Sujay,Basak, Souvik,Mukherjee, Kakali,Saha, BP,Mukherjee, Pulok K Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2007 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.1

Mangifera indica Linn. (MI) (Family: Anacardiaceae) is commonly known worldwide as mango and ‘Aam’ in India. MI shares an important place in treatment of several diseases in various ancient system of medicine like Ayurveda and other Indian System of Medicine and some other Traditional Medicines world wide. Almost all the parts of MI have been used in oriental medicine, so in this review attempt has being made to review the history, traditional uses, phytoconstituents and therapeutic potentials of mango.

Antioxidant potentials of Hypericum hookerianum (Family: Hypericaceae) on CCl4induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Atul Wahile,Kakali Mukherjee,Venkatesan Kumar,Bishnu Pada Saha,Pulok K Mukherjee 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2007 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.7 No.1

Free radicals are known to play important role in pathophysiology of hepatic disorders and antioxidants are employed along with other chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of such diseases. In search of natural antioxidant, successive extracts of Hypericum (H.) hookerianum (Family: Hypericaceae) were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. Extracts of aerial parts of H. hookerianum were subjected for 1,1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), nitric oxide radicals scavenging assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Methanolic extract was found to be more active than other extracts in DPPH and in vitro TBARS assay with IC50 at 5.82 ± 1.33 μg/ml and 49.78 ± 3.79 μg/ml respectively. While petroleum ether extract showed more potentials in scavenging the nitric oxide radicals with IC50 220.97 ± 2.69 μg/ml. The administration of CCl4 to the control animals caused decrease in the level of catalase and superoxide dismutase, together with significant increase in the level of TBARS in liver and kidney. Reversal of these changes towards normal group was observed by administration of H. hookerianum methanolic extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, while other extracts were found to be less active.

ACE inhibiton activity of standardized extract and fractions of Terminalia bellerica

Chaudhary, Sushil Kumar,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Nema, Neelesh Kumar,Bhadra, Santanu,Saha, B.P. 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.4

The fruit of Terminalia bellerica L. (Combretaceae) is an important ingredient of 'Triphala', which is a popular Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used to treat hypertension, to reduce cardiac depression and to decreases the risk factors associated with the heart. This study aimed to investigate the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of T. bellerica. Standardized hydro alcoholic extract (TBHA) and its various subfractions including hexane fraction (TBH), ethyl acetate fraction (TBE), n-butanol fraction (TBB) and aqueous fraction (TBW) at the concentration of 10-1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ together with standard Captopril 3.6 ng/ml was compared. TBE fraction was undertaken to isolate the gallic acid. Further quantification of gallic acid in the crude extract and fractions was made with HPLC. Among all fractions the activity was found to be maximum in TBE with an $IC_{50}=338.54{\pm}18.34{\mu}g/ml$ while crude TBHA and other fractions TBB, TBH and TBW were found less potent. Isolated gallic acid from the TBE fraction shown ACE inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ of $257.29{\pm}9.39{\mu}g/ml$. TBE found to contain maximum amount of gallic acid ($71.05{\pm}6.274$ mg/g of extract). The presence of gallic acid along with other metabolites in the extract and fractions might be responsible for the ACE inhibitory activity. T. bellerica extract/fractions suggested its suitability as a functional food for pharmaceutical purpose to be used against hypertension and other related diseases.