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Hypoglycemic Activity of Ficus racemosa L. (Moraceae) Leaves in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Mandal, Subhash C.,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Saha, Kakali,Das, J.,Pal, M.,Saha, B.P. The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1997 Natural Product Sciences Vol.3 No.1
The hypoglycemic effect of the extract of Ficus racemosa leaves was studied on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Petroleum ether $(60-80^{\circ}C)$ extract of the plant obtained by soxhlet extraction from coarsely pulverised leaves was used. In the $LD_{50}$ determination of the extract no abnormalities were observed at the dose range of 3 g/kg (p.o.) of the extract. The extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally) caused a reduction of blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by 28.9% (P<0.00l) and 34.6% (P<0.001) respectively at the end of 9 days. The results. of this study indicate that the petroleum ether $(60-80^{\circ}C)$ extract of the leaves possesses significant hypoglycemic activity in hyperglycemic animals compared with glybenclamide as standard drug.
Microbial acclimatization to lipidic-waste facilitates the efficacy of acidogenic fermentation
Saha, Shouvik,Jeon, Byong-Hun,Kurade, Mayur B.,Chatterjee, Pradip K.,Chang, Soon Woong,Markkandan, Kesavan,Salama, El-Sayed,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Roh, Hyun-Seog Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.358 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Lipidic-waste such as fat, oil, and grease (FOG) are promising substrates for achieving higher bioenergy yields. An inadequate presence of an effective microbiome in the anaerobic digesters is the bottleneck for the proper utilization of FOG. Gradual introduction of FOG (0.2%, 1.2%, and 2.4% as volatile solids) in acidogenic fermentation showed a significant improvement in hydrogen yield (72%), compared to the control, after 2.4% FOG loading. Volatile solid (VS) reduction reached up to 65% in high FOG reactors with complete removal of major unsaturated fatty acids. Removal of saturated fatty acids increased to 90%. Improvement in hydrogen productivity (46 mL d<SUP>−1</SUP>) occurred during step-wise loading of 2.4% FOG to the acclimatized microbiome. The metabolic shift toward carboxylic chain elongation produced C4 and C6 fatty acids at concentrations of 1.61 mM and 0.90 mM, respectively in the acidogenic reactors. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons revealed that the acclimatization process enriched the phylum Firmicutes (90%), followed by Bacteroidetes (12%) and Cloacimonetes (11%). The abundance of these phyla and their respective genera confirmed their preeminent role in hydrolysis, hydrogenogenic acidogenesis, and carboxylic chain elongation to produce hydrogen and C4–C7 fatty acids. Thus, we suggest that the improvement of hydrogen production using a microbiome acclimatized to FOG, and simultaneous production of high value organics (C4–C7 fatty acids), could facilitate the greater efficacy of the acidogenic fermentation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microbial acclimatization improved lipidic-waste utilization in acidogenic fermentation. </LI> <LI> Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Cloacimonetes were abundant in the acclimatized microbiome. </LI> <LI> Hydrogen productivity enhanced to 46 mL d<SUP>−1</SUP> after acclimatization. </LI> <LI> Hydrogenogenic acidogenesis and carboxylic chain elongation produced C4–C7 fatty acids. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Kurade, Mayur B.,Saha, Shouvik,Salama, El-Sayed,Patil, Swapnil M.,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier Applied Science 2019 Bioresource Technology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fats, oil and grease (FOG) are energy-dense wastes that substantially increase biomethane recovery. Shifts in the microbial community during anaerobic co-digestion of FOG was assessed to understand relationships between substrate digestion and microbial adaptations. Excessive addition of FOG inhibited the methanogenic activity during initial phase; however, it enhanced the ultimate methane production by 217% compared to the control. The dominance of Proteobacteria was decreased with a simultaneous increase in Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Synergistetes and Euryarchaeota during the co-digestion. A significant increase in <I>Syntrophomonas</I> (0.18–11%), <I>Sporanaerobacter</I> (0.14–6%) and <I>Propionispira</I> (0.02–19%) was observed during co-digestion, which substantiated their importance in acetogenesis. Among methanogenic Archaea, the dominance of <I>Methanosaeta</I> (94%) at the beginning of co-digestion was gradually replaced by <I>Methanosarcina</I> (0.52–95%)<I>.</I> The absence/relatively low abundance of syntrophic acetate oxidizers and hydrogenotrophic methanogens, and dominance of acetoclastic methanogens suggested that methane generation during co-digestion of FOG was predominantly conducted through acetoclastic pathway led by <I>Methanosarcina</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The addition of fats, oil and grease enhanced ultimate methane production by 217%. </LI> <LI> Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Synergistetes and Euryarchaeota were greatly increased. </LI> <LI> Dominance of <I>Methanosaeta</I> was replaced by <I>Methanosarcina</I> at the end of digestion. </LI> <LI> Methane was predominantly generated through acetoclastic pathway by <I>Methanosarcina</I>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Antiinflammatory Evaluation of Leucas lavandulaefolia Rees. Extract
Saha, Kakali,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Das, J.,Mandal, Subhash C.,Saha, B.P.,Pal, M. The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1996 Natural Product Sciences Vol.2 No.2
The antiinflammatory activity of the methanol extract of Leucas lavandulaefolia Rees was evaluated on different experimental models of inflammation in rats. The extract has been found to possess significant, inhibitory activity against carrageenin, histamine, serotonin, and dextran induced hind paw oedema in rats. The effect produced by extract was comparable to that of phenylbutazone and a prototype, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Liliaceae) root extract
Subhash C. Mandal,B. C. Maiti,Tapan K. Maity,M. Pal,B. P. Saha 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.4
The methanol extract of Asparagus racemosus root was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin and serotonin-induced rat hind paw oedema models. The extract (200 and 400 ㎎/㎏) showed maximum inhibition of oedema of 18.6% and 33.7% at 3 h with carrageenin and 22.2% and 40.5% at 5 h with serotonin-induced rat paw oedema respectively. The experimental models tested, where the effect produced by the extract was compared to that of phenylbutazone, a prototype non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Antidiarrheal Evaluation of Ficus racemosa Linn. Leaf Extract
Mandal, Subhash C.,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Saha, Kakali,Pal, M.,Saha, B.P. The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1997 Natural Product Sciences Vol.3 No.2
A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of petroleum ether extract of leaves of Ficus racemosa Linn. for its antidiarrheal potential against several experimental models of diarrhea in rats. Ficus racemosa leaves extract (FRLE) treated animals showed significant inhibitory activity against castor oil induced diarrhea and inhibited significantly $PGE_2$ induced enteropooling in rats. It also showed significant reduction in gastrointestinal motility following charcoal meal in rats. The results obtained establish the efficacy of FRLE as an antidiarrheal agent.
Subhash C. Mandal,Tapan K. Maity,J. Das,B. P. Saha,M. Pal 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.3
The effect of oral treatment with Ficus racemosa leaf extract (400 ㎎/㎏ for seven days) were studied on hepatic damage induced by paracetamol (750 ㎎/㎏, i.p.) in rats. Biochemical parameter like SGOT, SGPT, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were estimated to assess liver function. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopatllalogical examination of liver sections. The activity of extract was also comparable to Neutrosec a known hepatoprotective formulation.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Potential of Cassia tora Leaf Extract
Maity, Tapan Kumar,Mandal, Subhash C.,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Saha, Kakali,Das, J.,Saha, B.P.,Pal, M. The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1997 Natural Product Sciences Vol.3 No.2
Methanolic extract of the leaves of Cassia tom was evaluated for its hepatoprotective potentials in rats by inducing hepatotoxicity with carbon tetrachloride. The extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg orally showed significant protective effect by lowering the serum levels of transaminase (SGOT and SGPT), bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The effects produced were comparable to that of a standard hepatoprotective agent.
Studies on in vivo Wound Healing Activity of Cassia fistula Linn . Leaves (Leguminosae) in Rats
T. Bhakta,Pulok K. Mukherjee,Kakali Mukherjee,M. Pal,B. p. Saha 한국생약학회 1998 Natural Product Sciences Vol.4 No.2
Cassia fistula commonly known as Sundali was selected to evaluate its wound healing potentials based on traditional use and literature references. Methanol extract of C. fistula leaves were examined for its wound healing property in the form of an ointment in two types of wound models in rats : i) Excision wound model and ii) Incision wound model. The ointment of the leaf extract of two different concentrations (5% and 10% w/w ointment of leaves extract in simple ointment base) responded significantly in both models of wounds tested. The results were also comparable to that of standard drug, nitrofurazone in terms of wound contraction ability, epithelisation period, tensile strength and regeneration of tissue at wound area.
ACE inhibiton activity of standardized extract and fractions of Terminalia bellerica
Chaudhary, Sushil Kumar,Mukherjee, Pulok K.,Nema, Neelesh Kumar,Bhadra, Santanu,Saha, B.P. 경희한의학연구센터 2012 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.12 No.4
The fruit of Terminalia bellerica L. (Combretaceae) is an important ingredient of 'Triphala', which is a popular Ayurvedic formulation traditionally used to treat hypertension, to reduce cardiac depression and to decreases the risk factors associated with the heart. This study aimed to investigate the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of T. bellerica. Standardized hydro alcoholic extract (TBHA) and its various subfractions including hexane fraction (TBH), ethyl acetate fraction (TBE), n-butanol fraction (TBB) and aqueous fraction (TBW) at the concentration of 10-1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ together with standard Captopril 3.6 ng/ml was compared. TBE fraction was undertaken to isolate the gallic acid. Further quantification of gallic acid in the crude extract and fractions was made with HPLC. Among all fractions the activity was found to be maximum in TBE with an $IC_{50}=338.54{\pm}18.34{\mu}g/ml$ while crude TBHA and other fractions TBB, TBH and TBW were found less potent. Isolated gallic acid from the TBE fraction shown ACE inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ of $257.29{\pm}9.39{\mu}g/ml$. TBE found to contain maximum amount of gallic acid ($71.05{\pm}6.274$ mg/g of extract). The presence of gallic acid along with other metabolites in the extract and fractions might be responsible for the ACE inhibitory activity. T. bellerica extract/fractions suggested its suitability as a functional food for pharmaceutical purpose to be used against hypertension and other related diseases.