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Ratio of predicted and observed natural frequency of finite sand stratum
Prathap Kumar, M.T.,Ramesh, H.N.,Raghavendra Rao, M.V.,Raghunandan, M.E. Techno-Press 2009 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.1 No.3
Vertical vibration tests were conducted using model footings of different size and mass resting on the surface of finite sand layer with different height to width ratios and underlain by either rigid concrete base or natural red-earth base. A comparative study of the ratio of predicted and observed natural frequency ratio of the finite sand stratum was made using the calculated values of equivalent stiffness suggested by Gazetas (1983) and Baidya and Muralikrishna (2001). Comparison of results between model footings resting on finite sand stratum underlain by the rigid concrete base and the natural red-earth base showed that, the presence of a finite base of higher rigidity increases the resonant frequency significantly. With increase in H/B ratio beyond 2.0, the influence of both the rigid concrete and natural red-earth base decreases. Increase in the contact area of the footing increases the resonant frequency of the model footings resting on finite sand stratum underlain by both the types of finite bases. Both the predicted and the observed resonant frequency ratio decreases with increase in force rating and height to width ratio for a given series of model footing.
A field-consistency approach to plate elements
Prathap, Gangan Techno-Press 1997 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.5 No.6
The design of robust plate and shell elements has been a very challenging area for several decades. The main difficulty has been the shear locking phenomenon in plate elements and the shear and membrane locking phenomena together in the shell elements. Among the various artifices or devices which are used to develop elements free of these problems is the field-consistency approach. In this paper this approach is reviewed, It turns out that not only Mindlin type elements but also elements based on higher-order theories could be developed using the technique.
A comparative study on damping of finite dry and saturated sand stratum under vertical vibrations
Prathap Kumar, M.T.,Ramesh, H.N.,Raghavebdra Rao, M.V.,Asha, M. Techno-Press 2010 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.2 No.1
Vertical vibration tests were conducted using model footings of different size and mass resting on the surface of finite sand layer with different height to width ratios which was underlain by either rigid concrete base, under both dry and saturated condition. The effect of saturation on the damping ratio of finite sand stratum underlain by a rigid base has been verified and compared with the results obtained for the case of finite dry sand stratum underlain by the rigid base. Comparison of results of the experimental study showed that the damping in both the cases is less than 10%. The damping ratio obtained for finite saturated sand stratum is marginally lower than that obtained on finite dry sand stratum at H/B ratio of 0.5. The difference between the two cases becomes significant when the H/B ratio increases to 3.0, indicating the significant influence of soil moisture on damping ratio of foundation- soil system with increase in the thickness of the finite sand stratum. Comparison of the predicted damping ratio for a homogeneous sand stratum with the experimental damping ratio obtained corresponding to the height to width ratio of 3.0 of the finite sand stratum underlain by the rigid concrete base indicates a significant reduction in damping ratio of the foundation-soil system for both the cases.
Preparation and characterization of sprayed In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Mo films
Prathap, P.,Gowri Devi, G.,Subbaiah, Y. P. V.,Ganesan, V.,Ramakrishna Reddy, K. T.,Yi, J. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.205 No.8
<P>Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) play a major role in the area of thin film photovoltaics, flat panel displays, organic light emitting diodes and other optoelectronic devices. In order to improve the performance of a device, the TCO should have good optical transmittance as well as conductivity. In the present study, In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>:Mo films have been grown by an economic and simple spray pyrolysis method with different molybdenum doping concentrations that vary in the range, 0–12 at% at a substrate temperature of 400 °C. The structural and morphological, electrical and optical behaviour of the as-grown layers were studied. All the deposited layers showed a body-centered cubic structure with a strong (222) orientation. In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>:Mo films grown with Mo-concentration of 6.0 at% had the maximum grain size of 90 nm. The average optical transmittance of the films was >85% in the visible region. The change of grain size, electrical resistivity, carrier mobility and density, optical band gap and figure of merit with doping concentration was reported and discussed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>
The unsymmetric finite element formulation and variational incorrectness
Prathap, G.,Manju, S.,Senthilkumar, V. Techno-Press 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.1
The unsymmetric finite element formulation has been proposed recently to improve predictions from distorted finite elements. Studies have also shown that this special formulation using parametric functions for the test functions and metric functions for the trial functions works surprisingly well because the former satisfy the continuity conditions while the latter ensure that the stress representation during finite element computation can retrieve in a best-fit manner, the actual variation of stress in the metric space. However, a question that remained was whether the unsymmetric formulation was variationally correct. Here we determine that it is not, using the simplest possible element to amplify the principles.
Ch. Prathap,V. V. Ramana Kumar,M. Venkata Rao,P. Nagaiah,S. Rama Rao K.,B. David Raju 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.79 No.-
With the aim of understanding the influence of CeO2 on MgO, Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 in CO2 assistedoxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene was attempted and the results conveyed that theMgAl2O4 spinel supported CeO2 (CeO2/MgAl2O4) catalyst exhibited superior activity with 80% yield ofstyrene and in apart activity consistency up to 50 h of time-on-stream, revealing the establishment ofsynergism in CeO2/MgAl2O4, ascertained from XRD, BET Surface area, FT-IR, H2-TPR, UV–vis DRS, XPS, TPDand HRTEM techniques, acid-base characteristics of MgAl2O4, smaller particle size of CeO2 and its highdispersion are responsible for elevated activity, stability and regenarable capability.
Immunogenicity and protection of oral influenza vaccines formulated into microparticles
Shastri, Prathap Nagaraja,Kim, Min‐,Chul,Quan, Fu‐,Shi,D'Souza, Martin J.,Kang, Sang‐,Moo Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol.101 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Influenza is a deadly disease affecting humans and animals. It is recommended that every individual should be vaccinated annually against influenza. Considering the frequency of administration of this vaccine, we have explored the oral route of vaccination with a microparticulate formulation. Microparticles containing inactivated influenza A/PR/34/8 H1N1 virus with Eudragit S and trehalose as a matrix were prepared using the Buchi spray dryer. Particle size distribution of microparticles was measured and the bioactivity of vaccine in a microparticle form was analyzed using a hemagglutination activity test. Furthermore, the efficacy of microparticle vaccines was evaluated <I>in vivo</I> in Balb/c mice. Analysis of serum samples showed that microparticles resulted in enhanced antigen‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies. Upon challenge with homologous and heterologous influenza viruses, microparticle vaccines showed significantly increased levels of protection. Use of microparticles to deliver vaccines could be a promising tool for the development of an oral influenza vaccine. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 101:3623–3635, 2012</P>
The unsymmetric finite element formulation and variational incorrectness
G. Prathap,S. Manju,V. Senthilkumar 국제구조공학회 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.1
The unsymmetric finite element formulation has been proposed recently to improve predictions from distorted finite elements. Studies have also shown that this special formulation using parametric functions for the test functions and metric functions for the trial functions works surprisingly well because the former satisfy the continuity conditions while the latter ensure that the stress representation during finite element computation can retrieve in a best-fit manner, the actual variation of stress in the metric space. However, a question that remained was whether the unsymmetric formulation was variationally correct. Here we determine that it is not, using the simplest possible element to amplify the principles.
Growth and characterization of indium oxide films
P. Prathap,G. Gowri Devi,Y.P.V. Subbaiah,K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy,V. Ganesan 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.2
In2O3 250450.C. The structural and morphological properties of the as-deposited lms were studied using X-ray diractometer and scanningelectron microscope as well as atomic force microscope, respectively. The lms formed at a temperature of 400.C showed body-centeredcubic structure with a strong (22) orientation. The structural parameters such as the crystallite size, lattice strain and texture coecientof the lms were also calculated. The lms deposited at a temperature of 400.C showed an optical transmittance of >85% in the visibleregion. The change of resistivity, mobility, carrier concentration and activation energies with the deposition temperature was studied.The highest gure of merit for the layers grown at 400℃ was 1.09x10-³Ω-¹.