(The) effects of pre-task planning on low-level and advanced-level learners' oral performance

Piao, Meiying 한양대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Planning effects are generally believed to enhance oral performance among language learners, yet effects on accuracy have not been clear-cut. Despite the widespread adoption of planning in research studies, the literature has few attempts to combine the planning effects with mixed levels of proficiency. Based on experimental research involving two groups of advanced-level and low-level proficiency EFL learners, this thesis examined the effects of pre-task planning on narrative productions, and how differently these affect the two different levels. Two sets of picture series were provided in two tasks. Participants were to describe a complete story according to the picture series in three minutes. The first task was implemented directly, while the second task was conducted after a ten-minute pre-task planning opportunity. Students’ oral narratives were measured in two aspects: complexity and accuracy. Complexity was scored with four indices: the number of clauses per t-unit, the average length of t-unit, the amount of subordination per performance, and word types. On the other hand, to measure accuracy, five separate markers of past tense verb forms were examined, which were the past tense of verb forms of verb be, auxiliary verbs, regular verbs, irregular verbs, and general accuracy, that is, a sum of these four markers. The results support the trade-off effect in that there is competition between complexity and accuracy: the advanced-level learners benefited in one marker of accuracy (the irregular past verbs), but were not affected on complexity; on the other hand, learners with low proficiency gained the most in a marker of complexity (word types), but failed to significantly improve in accuracy. In the long run, EFL educators should consider proficiency gap, which is a factor that influences planning effects. In EFL classroom environments, teachers need to consider learners’ English levels in order to provide more valid and efficient planning conditions.

Controlled Release and Bioavailability of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs Using Nanoemulsifying Solid Dispersion

Piao, Zong Zhu 강원대학교 대학원 2009 국내박사

In the previous study, the solid self-nanoemulsifying solid dispersion system was prepared using the hot melting method. The optimal formulation was consisted of ITZ, poloxamer 407, oleic acid, glycerin, Brij 98, Primojel, adsorbent and butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). The objective of the present study was to prepare a solid dosage form containing solid dispersion system as well as to evaluate its in vitro dissolution and in vivo study. The core tablets consisting of the SD were formed by direct compression, and then coated with polymer. The in vitro release characteristics of tablet were evaluated in the enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF, 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) and further investigated the stability at various storage conditions. In vivo study of tablets (containing 55 mg ITZ) was carried out in eight healthy male human, the eight volunteers were randomly divided into two groups for a balance 2×2 two-way crossover design. Concentration of ITZ in the plasma was determined using HPLC with UV detector. Although the test tablets were low dose, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_(0-72), C_(max) and T_(max) were almost similar to commercial Sporanox^(??) capsules (containing 100 mg ITZ) and insignificant sequence effect was found for all of the pharmacokinetic parameters. Hence, it was concluded that the solid self-nanoemulsifying SD system could be considered as a valuable alternative for oral dosage forms of ITZ. The primary objective of the present study was: (i) to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, valsartan (VAL) and (ii) to validate a sensitive method of determining VAL concentration in human plasma samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with ultraviolet (UV) detection. The ternary solid dispersions (SDs) with poloxamer 407 as a carrier and Aeroperl^(??) 300 as an adsorbent were prepared using the hot melt method. The physicochemical properties of solid dispersed VAL were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The particle size of VAL in dissolution medium was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was shown that VAL was an amorphous state in the system and the absence of any significant interaction with other additives. The dissolution rate of SDs was markedly enhanced compared to pure VAL in enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF), attaining drug releases of up to 80% after 2 hr. The SD loaded controlled release tablets were prepared by direct compression and further investigated the stability at various storage conditions and the pharmacokinetic parameters of VAL were compared to commercial Diovan^(??) tablets. After a plasma simple protein precipitation using methanol, the analytes were separated on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column using 42% acetonitrile with 15 mM potassium dihydrogenphosphate in water (pH 2.0; adjusted with phosphoric acid) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The standard calibration curve constructed in the concentration range of 50-2000 ng/ml showed good linearity (r² >0.9997). Spironolactone was used as an internal standard (I.S). VAL and IS eluted at 10.25 and 12.17 min, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were satisfactory with relative standard deviations of less than 15%. No interference peaks or matrix effects were observed in human plasma. VAL concentration in human plasma was well established following a single 80 mg oral dose to eight healthy volunteers. The current determination of VAL concentration by protein precipitation using methanol followed by analysis using HPLC with UV detection was rapid and sensitive, and provide an alternative to the analysis of VAL by studying its clinical applications. The objective of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of a poorly water-soluble drug, itraconazole (ITZ), using a solid self-nanoemulsifying (SNE) solid dispersion system. The solid dispersion (SD) systems were prepared by the hot melt method. The physicochemical properties of solid dispersed ITZ were characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was shown that ITZ was an amorphous state in the SD system and the absence of any significant interaction with other additives. The dissolution rate of ITZ from SD was evaluated using USP dissolution method II (paddle method) in the enzyme-free simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The solid self-nanoemulsifying SD system was markedly enhanced dissolution rate of ITZ. The increased dissolution rate was attributed to increased solubility and improved wetting of ITZ crystals. The solid SNE solid dispersion system was also useful at improving the dissolution rate by forming a microemulsion droplets or dispersible particles within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Droplet size of ITZ emulsion measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) was constant in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) after 60 min of dissolution process. The release rate of solid SNE solid dispersion system was markedly enhanced compared to pure ITZ in the SIF. The method could simply and easily scaled up and have a general applicability to many poorly water-soluble drug entities in their oral routes. 본 논문의 목적은 난용성 약물인 Itraconazole (ITZ)과 Valsartan (VAL)를 함유한 새로운 self-emulsifying solid dispersion system을 구축하여 약물의 dissolution rate와 bioavailability를 제고하고 평가 하는 것이다. Chapter I 에서는 poorly water-soluble weakly basic ITZ를 모델약물로 선정하고 solid self-nanoemulsifying solid dispersion를 hot melt method으로 만든 후 평가하였다. ITZ를 함유한 Solid dispersion는 SIF (pH 6,8)에서 시판품 Sporanox^(??) 캡슐과 비하여 높은 용출율을 나타내었으며 DSC, PXRD and SEM 등 기계장비를 통하여 약물이 amorphous state로 존재하고 있음을 입증하었으며 또한 약물과 additives는 서로 interaction이 없이 안정함을 FT-IR로 증명하였다. Solid dispersion는 gastrointestinal (GI) tract에서 자율적으로 nanoemulsion droplet를 형성하었으며 DLS and TEM등 기계장비로 그 size를 측정한 결과 용출 1시간후 약 260 nm 었다. Chapter II 에서는 self-nanoemisifying solid dispersion을 로딩한 정제를 만들고 용출율과 생체이용율을 시판품과 비교평가 하였다. Solid dispersion를 loading 한 정제 (containing 55 mg ITZ)는 enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF)에서 높은 용출율을 나타내었으며 비록 낮은 dose이지만 AUC_(0-72), C_(max) and T_(max) 와 같은 pharmacokinetic parameters는 시판품 Sporanox^(??) capsules (containing 100 mg of ITZ)과 통계학적으로 유사하였다. Chapter III에서는 poorly water-soluble weakly acidic VAL를 모델약물로 선정하고 solid dispersion를 로딩한 controlled release (CR) matrix tablet를 만들고 용출율과 생체이용율을 평가하였다. VAL를 함유한 Solid dispersion는 SGF (pH 1.2)에서 시판품인 Diovan^(??) tablet과 비하여 높은 용출율을 나타내었으며 DSC, PXRD and SEM 등 기계장비를 통하여 약물이 amorphous state로 존재하고 있음을 역시 입증하었다. solid dispersion를 로당한 controlled release (CR) matrix tablet는 직타법으로 만들었으며 약물은 서방적인 방출 양상을 나타내었다. A rapid and reproducible HPLC-UV detection method was created using a one-step solvent extraction process for the determination of VAL concentration in human plasma for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. 본 연구에서 개발한 새로운 silid nanoemlisifying solid dispersion system은 기타 난용성 약물의 생체이용율의 개선에도 이용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Adaptive particle filter based on the kurtosis of distribution

Piao, Songlin 한양대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Kurtosis based adaptive particle filter is presented in this paper. The concept of belief is proposed to each particle sampling and the distribution of particles can be adaptively changed according to the belief and motion information so that particles could track object in higher accuracy. The belief and motion information could be defined as a distance function of observation vector. In order to achieve this goal, we change the way of normal re-sampling technique. We introduce a framework that particles are re-sampled based on the distance function. We demonstrate the advantages of proposed method in two steps. First, we did strict simulation tests in 1D, 2D and 3D spaces to show that our method can give better result. Furthermore, we did the experiments in the real cases. One is real particle tracking in the hydraulic engineering area and the other is normal face tracking based on the color feature. We compared the result in each step to the result obtained from standard particle filter.

한국 4세대 여성 아이돌의 캐릭터 유형화 연구

PIAO HEYING 이화여자대학교 대학원 2024 국내석사

The purpose of this paper is to analyze female idol characters from a narrative perspective by focusing on the storytelling in Korean idol content. As a sector of the Korean pop culture industry, idol content is also a representative cultural content in Korea. Currently, Korean idols have formed idol IP (Intellectual Property) and are producing and distributing contents through various media. Idol fandom voluntarily consumes idol contents. Therefore, Korean idols as cultural contents have become an independent field in the content industry. Idol characters are multifaceted. On one hand, idols are fictional characters that exist in fictional text such as music videos and informal contents that is produced by the management or the group themselves. On the other hand, idols are characters in real world that exist through concerts and fan meetings. This paper analyzes the juxtaposition of fourth-generation female idols’ formal aspect of character image and the content aspect of song lyrics, music video plot. The typology and characteristics of each type are derived from the analysis. Furthermore, this study examines the method and process of female idol characters acquiring subjective status. The formal and content aspects of female idol characters from the first to the third generation shows overlapping aspect. The first generation of female idols was centered around S.E.S and Pink (Fin.K.L), and their images were mainly limited to fairy or girl images. As the number of female idols increased dramatically with the systematization of the idol planning system of Korean idol entertainment companies, the character images of the second generation of female idols also diversified. Second generation of female idols were centered on Girls' Generation, Kara, and Wonder Girls, while 2NE1 differentiated themselves from previous female idols by presenting music in the girls' hip-hop genre and a femme fatale image. Since the third-generation of female idols, the character image has been standardized. What sets the fourth generation of female idols apart from the characters of the first and third generations is their song lyrics, music video plots, and the group’s own fictional world. While their character images are similar to those of previous generations of female idols, the fourth generation of female idols define their identity through song lyrics and other contents, which contains narratives in the form of hero’s journey. In this respect, fourth-generation female idols are characterized by a juxtaposition of formal and content aspects. In Chapter 2, types of fourth generation of female idols are categorized. The worlds in which female idol characters exist are divided into two types: the pervasive world and the fantastic world. The pervasive world of female idols is where the background of the fictional world appears to be consistent with the real world, but in reality, it is a mask that is created to look like reality according to the intentions of the entertainment. The fantastic world is new and different world that recombines elements from the real world, such as parallel worlds, multiple universes, superpowers, and the appearance of otherworldly creatures, which are found in fictional worlds of the fourth generation of female idols. Female idols who exist in pervasive or fantastic world are motivated by certain motives. In this study, we classify female idols' motives into two categories: self-actualization motives and relationship-oriented motives. Self-actualization motive is the desire to find one's identity and realize one's inner potential, while relationship-oriented motive is the desire to belong, establish and maintain affectionate or friendship relationships. When we set up the fantastic world as one axis and the self-actualization and relationship-oriented motives as the other axis, most groups were concentrated in the first quadrant, followed by the second, then the third. The only female idols in the fourth quadrant, relationship-oriented in a fantasy world, was Billle. Chapter 3 performs in-depth analysis of self-actualized female idol characters based on the typology in Chapter 2. First groups are (G)-IDLE and IVE, which are representatives of self-actualized idols in a progressive world. Second group is aespa, a self-actualized idol in a fantasy world, assuming that they acquire subjective status. (G)-IDLE and IVE aspire to be free from the order of the world in which they exist, to find their own identity, and to realize self-assurance and self-love. They achieve this status by violating the judgment, oppression, and established standards of others. On the other hand, aespa becomes a hero through adventure and this journey acts as the process of gaining empowerment. Chapter 4 examines how self-actualized female idols in the pervasive world and self-actualized female idols in the fantastic world emerged and what their significance is. The self-actualized female idols in the fantastic world presented their fictional world in detail not only through music videos, but also through anime, web toons, and web novels. This leaves less room for interpretation for the audience, which compensates for the limitations of female idol fandom. The self-actualized female idols in a pervasive world were initially characterized by flexible motivations, oscillating between self-actualization and relationship-orientation. As the number of self-actualizing female idols in the pervasive world continues to grow, this type has stabilized, and the self-actualizing messages they convey have become more proactive and enterprising. The fourth generation of female idols focuses on self-actualization messages such as identity exploration, self-love, and self-affirmation by bringing fictional world to the forefront. At the same time, they are significant in that they have opened up new possibilities of agency for female idols as characters. 본고의 목적은 한국 아이돌 콘텐츠 중에서도 여성 아이돌의 콘텐츠의 스토 리텔링에 주목해 서사학적 시각에서 여성 아이돌 캐릭터를 분석하고자 함에 있다. 한국 대중문화 산업의 한 분야인 아이돌 콘텐츠는 한국의 대표적인 문 화 콘텐츠이기도 하다. 현재 한국 아이돌은 단순히 음원과 음반의 결과물을 넘어서서 아이돌 IP(Intellectual Property)를 형성하고 이를 기반으로 다양한 매 체를 통하여 콘텐츠를 생산, 유통하고 있고 아이돌 팬덤은 자발적으로 아이돌 콘텐츠를 소비하고 있다. 따라서 문화 콘텐츠로서의 한국 아이돌은 콘텐츠 산 업에서 하나의 독립된 분야로 자리 잡았다. 아이돌 캐릭터는 다면성을 가지고 있다. 아이돌은 뮤직비디오, 자체제작 콘 텐츠 등 텍스트 속에 존재하는 허구적인 캐릭터인 동시에 콘서트, 팬 미팅 등 을 통해 실물이 보이는 현실 세계에 존재하는 캐릭터이기 때문이다. 본고는 캐릭터 이미지인 형식적인 측면과 노래 가사, 뮤직비디오 줄거리, 세 계관을 포함하는 내용적인 측면이 서로 병립되어 나타나는 4세대 여성 아이돌 을 연구대상으로 설정하여 유형화를 진행하고 유형별 특징을 도출한다. 그리 고 자기실현형 여성 아이돌 캐릭터가 주체적 지위를 획득할 수 있다고 보고 그 방식과 과정을 검토한다. 1~3세대 여성 아이돌 캐릭터의 형식적인 측면과 내용적인 측면은 중첩되는 양상을 보여주었다. 1세대 여성 아이돌은 에스이에스(S.E.S)와 핑클(Fin.K.L)이 그 중심이자 전체였고 이들의 이미지는 주로 요정이나 소녀 이미지에 국한되 었다. 한국 아이돌 엔터테인먼트 기업의 아이돌 기획 시스템이 체계화되면서 여성 아이돌 수가 급진적으로 증가함에 따라 2세대 여성 아이돌의 캐릭터 이 미지도 다양해졌다. 특히 소녀시대(Girls' Generation), 카라(KARA), 원더걸스 (Wonder Girls)가 그 중심을 이루었고 투애니원(2NE1)은 걸스 힙합 장르의 음 악과 팜므파탈 이미지를 선보이면서 기존 여성 아이돌과는 차별화된 모습을 보여주었다. 이후 3세대 여성 아이돌부터 캐릭터 이미지는 정형화되었다. 4세대 여성 아이돌이 1~3세대 여성 아이돌의 캐릭터와 차별화된 지점은 이 들의 노래 가사, 뮤직비디오 줄거리, 세계관에 있다. 4세대 여성 아이돌의 캐 릭터 이미지는 앞 세대 여성 아이돌들과 유사하지만 노래 가사나 기타 콘텐츠 를 통하여 자신의 정체성을 정의하거나 영웅 여정 세계관에 대한 이야기를 하 고 있다. 이러한 점을 보았을 때 4세대 여성 아이돌은 형식적인 측면과 내용적인 측면은 병립되어 나타난다. 먼저 2장에서는 4세대 여성 아이돌의 유형화를 진행한다. 여성 아이돌 캐릭터가 존재하는 세계를 핍진적 세계와 환상적 세계로 분류한다. 여성 아이돌의 핍진적 세계는 세계관의 배경이 현실 세계와 일치한 것처럼 보이지만 엔터테 인먼트에서 기획한 의도에 따라 현실처럼 만들어진 가면이다. 환상적 세계는 4세대 여성 아이돌 세계관에서 찾아볼 수 있는 평행세계, 다중 우주, 초능력, 이세계의 생명체의 등장과 같이 현실 세계에서의 요소들을 재조합한 새롭고 다른 세계를 의미한다. 핍진적 세계 혹은 환상적 세계에 존재하는 여성 아이 돌은 어떠한 동기에 의하여 행동을 하는데 본고에서는 여성 아이돌의 동기를 자기실현적 동기와 관계 지향적 동기 두 가지로 분류하였다. 자기실현적 동기 는 자신의 정체성을 찾고 자기 내면의 가능성을 실현하기를 열망하는 것이고 관계 지향적 동기는 소속에 대한 갈구, 애정 혹은 우정 관계를 수립하고 유지 하고 싶어 하는 것이다. 핍진적 세계와 환상적 세계를 한 축으로, 자기실현적 동기와 관계 지향적 동기를 다른 한 축으로 설정했을 때 여성 아이돌은 제1사분면에 집중적으로 분포되어 있었으며, 제2사분면, 제3사분면 순으로 많았다. 제4사분면인 환상적 세계에서의 관계지향형에 속하는 여성 아이돌은 빌리(Billle) 한 그룹이었다. 3장에서는 2장에서 진행한 유형화 작업을 토대로 자기실현형 여성 아이돌 캐릭터가 주체적 지위를 획득한다고 상정하고 핍진적 세계에서의 자기실현형 대표 아이돌인 (여자)아이들((G)-IDLE), 아이브(IVE)와 환상적 세계에서의 자기 실현형 아이돌인 에스파(aespa)에 대해 심층적으로 분석하고자 한다. (여자)아이들과 아이브는 그들이 존재하고 있는 세상 속의 질서로부터 자유로워지기를 바라고 자신들이 정체성을 찾고, 자기 확신과 자기애의 실현을 열망한다. 타인 들의 평가와 억압, 정해진 기준을 위반하면서 주체적인 지위를 획득한다. 에스 파는 모험을 통해 영웅이 되고, 이 여정은 주체적인 지위를 획득하는 과정으 로 작용한다. 4장에서는 핍진적 세계에서의 자기실현형 여성 아이돌과 환상적 세계에서의 자기실현형 여성 아이돌이 어떤 방식으로 출현하였는지, 그리고 그 의의는 무 엇인지에 대해 살펴보았다. 환상적 세계에서의 자기실현형 여성 아이돌은 뮤 직비디오뿐 아니라 애니메이션, 웹툰, 웹 소설 등을 통해 자신들의 허구적인 세계관을 구체적으로 제시하였다. 이로써 수용자들에게 주어진 해석의 여지는 줄어들었고 이는 여성 아이돌의 팬덤이 가지고 있는 한계를 보완해주었다. 핍 진적 세계에서의 자기실현형 여성 아이돌은 초기 캐릭터의 동기가 유동적이고 자기실현과 관계지향 사이를 넘나들면서 존재하였다. 핍진적 세계에서의 자기 실현형 여성 아이돌의 수가 계속 증가하면서 이 유형은 안정화 단계에 들어섰 고 이들이 전달하는 자기실현적 메시지는 더욱 적극적이고 진취적인 양상으로 나타나고 있다. 4세대 여성 아이돌은 허구적인 세계관을 앞세우고 정체성 찾기, 자기애, 자 기확신과 같은 자기실현형 메시지에 집중한다. 동시에 이들은 캐릭터로서의 여성 아이돌이 가질 수 있는 주체성이라는 새로운 가능성을 제시하였다는 점 에서 의의를 가진다.

Using Aspen™ software control and simulation of a multi-effect distillation(MED) plant for seawater desalination

Piao, Tie Zhu Graduate School, Korea University 2010 국내석사

Abstract In this thesis, the multi effect distillation (MED) desalination process was introduced and has been simulated at steady state and dynamic state using the AspenTM software. Also the control system was applied in MED dynamic simulation. This thesis was divided to mainly three parts. First part of this study is to search optimum operating condition based on design finished. In this part, 8effects MED plant was simulated at about 71.6 °C, 85.3 °C, 90.3 °C and 110.1 °C top brine temperature condition with range of 1.5°C ~2.5°C effect temperature difference. For comparisons between the four different operating conditions, maximum heat recovery is assumed by setting the same condition for feed and products. Through the AspenTM simulation, optimal operating conditions were obtained. Then we chose optimal operation conditions from previous one and described modeling and simulation of a MED process containing 8 effects using AspenTM software. Then the following two main control loops influence the process stability of production, inlet steam control loop and feed seawater flow control loop. Then it provides the briefly behaviors of close-loop dynamic simulation. Part two of this work was focused on both of view of design and operating process and to investigate influence of the design and operating factors. There are some factors affecting design and operation the MED plant include: plant size, top brine temperature (TBT), seawater temperature, seawater salinity, last effect temperature, steam temperature ,brine concentration, number of effects, effect temperature difference and so on. Applications of steady state modeling for parametric studies, such as improvement of design and operation variable for MED plant, have been discussed. Finally at part three, the optimum steady-state simulation presented in the previous part two sections. We use the steady-state solutions as initial conditions for system variables, and converted to dynamic state simulation and also include the controller. It also illustrates dynamic behaviors and implementation of suitable control strategies. This thesis could provide very useful information of the optimum of design and operation range and it was suggested good control strategies for MED plant.

불량한 전립선암의 예측인자로서 KIF11 mRNA 발현의 가치

PIAO, XUANMEI 충북대학교 2016 국내석사

BACKGROUND: KIF11 (kinesin family member 11), a molecular motor protein, is essential in mitosis and cell cycle progression. Inhibitors of KIF11 have been developed as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various cancers. Regarding prostate cancer (PCa), clinical trials using KIF11 inhibitors for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have been initiated. Therefore, we hypothesized that there might be a relationship between KIF11 expression and PCa. To investigate the functional activities and clinical usefulness of KIF11 in PCa, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to monitor KIF11 expression patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tissue samples from 134 PCa patients were analyzed by gene expression profiling and compared with tissues from 61 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). KIF11 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and compared with indicators of tumor aggressiveness, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score (GS), and tumor stage (TNM stage). RESULTS: KIF11 mRNA expression in tissue was not significantly different between BPH and PCa patients (P=0.089). Nevertheless the expression was significantly higher in PCa patients with elevated serum PSA levels (≥10 ng/ml), GS ≥8, T stage ≥T3, or metastatic disease than in those with PSA levels <10 ng/ml, GS =7, or T2 stage (P=0.019, P=0.011, P=0.012, respectively). CONCLUSION: KIF11 expression may be indicative of PCa aggressiveness, and could be useful as a prognostic marker in PCa.

지속 가능한 중국 해양 경제 발전에 관한 평가 연구

PIAO ZHENYING 국립부경대학교 대학원 2024 국내석사

The increase in the number of industries utilizing marine space and resources has propelled the development of the ocean economy. The annual gross marine product (GMP), equivalent to the gross domestic product (GDP), is at least $2.5 trillion. The total asset base of the ocean is estimated to be at least $24 trillion (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2015). Nations worldwide are actively assessing the potential for the development of ocean economies. In China, the ocean economy is becoming increasingly significant. China has the largest share of the ocean economy in its GDP worldwide. During 2001 to 2022, China's ocean economy has grown nearly tenfold. However, the initial global expansion of the ocean economy primarily emphasized economic growth without adequately considering sustainability, resulting in severe environmental degradation. In the future, as the ocean economy expands, the pressure on marine environments is expected to increase. Achieving long-term, environmentally friendly, and sustainable development based on the ocean requires the harmonious development of the economy, society, and the environment. Therefore, the current state of the ocean economy needs to be analyzed, considering the harmony of economic, social, and environmental factors as well as sustainability. In this study, the entropy method was employed to analyze the sustainable ocean economic development in 11 coastal regions of China from 2006 to 2021.

A study on the effects of tie strength in the international technology alliance of Chinese companies on innovation performance

PIAO , YUCHEN 이화여자대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

With the constant deepening of market economy structures, competition among enterprises in time and space is undergoing huge changes in the system. In the traditional sense of competition between individual enterprises,it has gradually evolved into league competition between groups, competition has become a new era of cooperation between the union competitive landscape. International technology alliance as a new approach to technical cooperation, not only improved the enterprise’s innovation development when needed, but also brought a higher level of knowledge exchange and technology transfer between enterprises. Through the development of technology alliances in recent years shows that individual enterprises are not beyond the advantage. The tie strength between partners can be an important factor of the international technology alliance. Since the international technology alliances between developed countries and developing countries most are asymmetric so that the tie strength will make the important influence on them. And tie strength can be defined into frequent, closeness and duration so that can also turn into repeated partner, technological distance, and relationship durability. Therefore,improving the international technology alliance between the relationship of partners can be an effective way to change the current situation. This article is stand on the developing countries’ point with this core problem and wants to expand the research to analysis the basic status of technology union and the tie strength of organization for innovation performance in effect and in-depth analysis between the relationship of partners’ effect factor. 시장 경제 구조가 끊임없이 심화되면서 기업들의 시간과 공간의 경쟁이 도 엄청난 변화를 일어나고 있다. 전통적인 기업 경쟁 의식에서 그룹 간 경쟁으로 점차 진화하고 있고 경쟁이 새로운 시대로 변하고 있다. 국제 기술 동맹은 기술 새로운 접근 방식으로서 기업의 혁신 개발을 필요할 때뿐만 아니라 지식 교환 및 기술 이전 수준을 높여줄 수 있습니다. 최근 몇 년 간에 기술연합의 발전을 통해 개인 기업의 장점은 결코 크지 않다. 협력 동반자 간의 연계 강도는 국제 기술 연맹의 중요 한 요소가 될 수 있다. 선진국과 개발도상국 사이의 국제 기술연합은 비대칭이기 때문에 이런 관계 연관성이 아주 중요 한 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 관계 강도는 잦고 친밀하고 지속적인 시간이 될 수 있으며, 이는 반복 되는 동반자, 기술적 거리와 관계의 지속 성이 될 수 있다. 이에 따라 협력 동반자 관계를 개선하는 것은 국제 기술 연맹은 현재의 형세를 바꾸는 효과적인 방법이다. 본문은 개발도상국에 입각에서 핵심 문제를 중심으로 연구 범위를 확대하고 기술연맹의 기본적 지위와 혁신적인 성과 그리고 조직의 연계 강도를 분석하고 협력 파트너의 효과를 분석하는 논문이다.

Design and Fabrication of Multicolor Volume Holographic Gratings in Photopolymer for Wearable Display

Piao, Mei Lan 충북대학교 2014 국내박사

The adoption of mobile devices such as personal digital assistants and smart phones offers new possibilities to interact with our environment, to obtain instantaneous information and to connect with people. Next generation mobile devices are expected to provide information by displaying it in a different manner than the current hand portable display screen. Advances in projection display technologies are enabling near-eye displays, such as see-through glasses often called wearable displays. However, its optical system is bulky and occupies much space inside the helmet. In order to meet the trends and requirements of lightweight and small size, display based on planar holographic waveguide with transparent-film is proposed as new designs for wearable display. This dissertation is dedicated to analyze, design, and fabricate a wedge-shaped planar waveguide based on multicolor volume holographic gratings (VHGs) for optical wearable display. The reasons for the interest in studying the planar waveguide using holographic grating lie on the properties of optical element: simple, free form design, and low cost. The basic concept is that light is diffracted by the grating at a designed angle. Photopolymer material Bayfol HX 102 is chosen for recording grating because it has high sensitivity, high resolution, long shelf life, and easy dry processing. The uniform grating is recorded with the help of knowing the characteristics of the material including the dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the total exposure energy and the spatial frequency. In this dissertation, the coupling theory describing the interaction of wave with the grating medium is discussed. Important parameters of a high diffraction efficiency volume grating such as the exposure energy, the incident angle, the angular selectivity, and the wavelength selectivity are based on these theories’ results. From that, the investigation of recording multicolor HVGs based on the sequential exposure with 633, 532, and 473 nm wavelengths is presented. It is successfully fabricated a compact multicolor HVG, which performed with high levels of optical efficiency, using one layer of photopolymer based on a color analysis of the HVG. By serially using spectral characterization of multicolor hologram, which is confirming in Denisyuk setup with sequential exposure, and therefore the optical efficiency and the color uniformity are increased by twice than normal exposure. Design of the configuration of the holographic waveguide based on HVG for the wearable display system is introduced. Provide the principle behind optical waveguides and Bragg gratings and discuss the design consideration used to model the characteristics of the structure. The HVGs that were attached to the designed waveguide have significant influence on the thickness, field of view (FOV), and display light source of the wearable display system. As a result, the thickness of the designed wedge-shaped waveguide can be reduced to 1.6 times in comparison with the system that uses the conventional reflective optics in the waveguide. Finally, this dissertation is successfully presented the design, fabrication, and proof of concept for a multicolor waveguide wearable display that uses a photopolymer. The presented wearable display system provided a good color complement, a secure FOV, high optical efficiency, and an excellent image through theoretical analysis and experiments. Using the spectral properties of the photopolymer, the HVGs are recorded in a one photopolymer layer by means of a special sequence recording process. The measured optical efficiency of the multicolor holographic waveguide wearable display system prototype is 31%, with 17° FOV and a large eye box. The results confirm that the designed and fabricated waveguide can be employed in future commercial wearable display. 본 논문은 볼륨 홀로그래피에 대한 기초적인 이론과 설계, 표현방법들에 관해 다루고 이를 이용한 멀티 컬러 볼륨 격자 제작 및 착용 디스플레이 응용에 관한 주제들에 관해 논하였다. 복합적 광 기능성 소자를 위한 홀로그래픽 광학소자를 설계하기 위해 격자형성의 결합이론을 수치적인 방법으로 논하고 투과형과 반사형 격자의 특징을 서로 비교해보고 착용 디스플레이 응용에 적합한 기록구조를 제안하였다. 포토폴리머가 갖는 광중합 과정을 이해하기 위해 격자형성 모델을 제시하였으며, 기록매질이 갖는 광학특성과 효율 안정화를 위한 격자 제작방법을 제시하였다. 또한 멀티 컬러 볼륨 격자를 표현하기 위해 기록 파장 별 순차적 노광방식을 제안하였으며, 균일한 출력효율을 확인하였다. 홀로그래픽 웨이브가이드를 이용한 착용 디스플레이 응용 분야로써 얇고, 출력효율이 보상된 웨지형 홀로그래픽 웨이브가이드의 설계 절차 및 구현 방법을 논하였다. 다음으로 설계한 웨이브가이드로부터 17° 시야각, 기존 홀로그래피 웨이브가이드 방식보다 1.6 배의 이상의 두께를 감소할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 포토폴리머를 이용한 멀티 컬러 볼륨 격자를 기반으로 웨지형 홀로그래픽 웨이브가이드를 제작하여 31% 광 출력효율을 획득하였으며, 실시간으로 제어가 가능한 마이크로 디스플레이를 이용해 착용디스플레이 가능성을 확인하였다.

재한 중국인 유학생의 계획된 우연기술과 학교생활만족도가 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향

PIAO YICHENG 경희대학교 대학원 2022 국내석사

21세기에 접어들어 급변하는 세계에서 많은 직업이 사라졌고 또 많은 직업이 새로 생겼다. 급변하고 있는 세계에서 직업세계로 진출하는 대학생들에게 더 많은 기능과 더 성숙한 진로태도를 요구한다. 재한 중국인 유학생의 진로발달을 돕기 위하여 본 연구에서 재한 중국인 유학생의 계획된 우연기술과 학교생활만족도가 진로태도성숙에 미치는 영향을 연구 및 검증하였다. 연구방법은 재한 중국인 유학생을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시, 260명에 대한 설문 결과를 바탕으로 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구도구는 65문항으로 계획된 우연기술 척도, 학교생활만족도 척도, 진로태도성숙 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 대한 요약은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재한 중국인 유학생의 계획된 우연기술은 그들의 진로태도성숙에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 학교생활만족도는 진로태도성숙에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않다는 결과로 계획된 우연기술은 학교생활만족도보다 진로태도성숙을 설명하는데 있어서 더 의미 있는 예측변인으로 나타났다. 계획된 우연기술과 학교생활만족도가 진로태도성숙의 각 하위요인에 미치는 영향을 살펴보면, 계획된 우연기술은 진로태도성숙의 하위요인인 결정성, 목적성, 확신성에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 준비성과 독립성에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 학교생활만족도는 준비성에 유의한 정적 영향을 미쳤으나, 다른 진로태도성숙의 하위요인에게 유의미한 예측변인으로 나타났지 않았다. 둘째, 계획된 우연기술의 하위요인별로 살펴보는 결과, 호기심은 진로태도성숙의 하위요인 중 확신성, 준비성, 독립성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유연성은 결정성, 확신성, 진로태도성숙 전체, 목적성 순으로 유의한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 인내심은 진로태도성숙 전체와 모든 하위요인에 대해 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 낙관성은 결정성, 진로태도성숙 전체, 확신성, 목적성 순으로 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 위험감수성은 독립성에 유의한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 학교생활만족도의 하위요인별로 살펴본 결과, 교우관계는 결정성, 준비성, 독립성에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 교사관계는 확신성, 결정성, 진로태도성숙 전체 순으로 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 결과가 나타났다. 학교학습은 진로태도성숙 전체나 하위요인의 예측변인으로 확인되지 않았다. 학교환경은 확신성, 결정성 순으로 유의한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 학교생활만족도의 모든 하위요인이 목적성에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 통해 추측하면, 어느 정도로 개인이 현 상태에 대해 만족할수록, 진로선택에 있어 추구함이 없어 방향과 확신이 없을 수 있다. 교우관계와 교사관계에 대한 만족도는 학생들이 자신의 관계능력과 교사에 대한 인정, 그리고 친구에 대한 인정을 통해 자기자신에 대한 인정을 반영할 수 있으므로, 역시 진로태도성숙에 유의한 영향을 미치는 결과로 나타났다. 교우관계는 결정성에 부적 영향을 미치는 것을 보면, 역시 친구들과의 관계에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 그들의 선택과 의견은 자신의 진로선택의 방향에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측할 수가 있다. 재한 중국인 유학생들에게 보다 더 적합한 진로선택과 진로발달을 돕기 위해, 계획된 우연기술의 높이기를 통해 진로태도성숙을 향상시키는 것이 필요가 있다, 그러나 진로태도성숙의 수준만 향상시키기 위한 진로상담 및 진로교육보다는 이러한 작업에서 계획된 우연기술도 중점에 둘 필요가 있어 보인다. 또한, 학교생활만족도를 증진시키기 위한 진학 전후의 상담과 교육도 중요할 것으로 대학교로 진학하기 전, 개인에게 더 적합한 대학교와 전공선택을 할 수 있게 돕기 위한 진학상담 및 교육, 또는 대학교에 입학한 후, 학생에게 교우관계 및 교사관계를 좋은 방향으로 증진하는 방법과 태도와 스스로의 학습에 대한 관심도와 성취욕구, 또한, 학교환경을 효과적으로 활용하는 방법과 태도 등을 지도해주는 학교상담을 필요할 것 같다. 따라서 본연구를 통해 도출된 결과가 재한 중국인 유학생의 계획된 우연기술과 진로태도성숙에 대한 추후 연구방향 및 실용성의 확보를 위한 개선점의 기초를 마련하는 데 도움이 될 것을 기대한다. Here we are in the 21st century, as many jobs disappearing, so many new ones are being crated in this rapidly changing world, in such a changing era, college students who are entering the world of work must acquire more skills and have a more mature career attitude. To help the career development of Chinese students in South Korea, this study was conducted to verify the effect of planned happenstance skills and students' life satisfaction on career attitude maturity of Chinese students in South Korea with an online approach. Subject to the study were 260 Chinese students in South Korea. Based on the results of an online survey of 260 people, multiple regression analysises were conducted. The questionnaire consisted of 65questions, including Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI) scale, students' life satisfaction scale and career attitude maturity scale. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, is has been shown that the planned happenstance skills of Chinese students of South Korea have significantly positive influence on the career maturity inventory attitude, and the students' life satisfaction of Chinese students of South Korea has no significant impact on the career maturity inventory attitude, planned happenstance skills as the predictor variable of career maturity inventory attitude is more meaningful than students' life satisfaction. Looking through the planned happenstance skills and students' life satisfaction’s influences on the career maturity inventory attitude’s sub-factors, planned happenstance skills was found to have no significant impact on career decisiveness, goal orientation and confidence, but have significantly positive influences on preparation and independence. students' life satisfaction has been shown to have a significantly positive influence on preparation, but no significant impact on the others. Second, looking through the sub-factor of planned happenstance skills, curiosity has been shown to have a significant influence on confidence, preparation, and independence. Flexibility has shown to have significantly negative influences on career decisiveness, confidence, the whole of career maturity inventory attitude and goal orientation. Persistence was found to have no significant influences on the whole of career maturity inventory attitude and its sub-factors. Optimism has been shown to have a significantly positive influence on career decisiveness, the whole of career maturity inventory attitude, confidence, and goal orientation. Risk-taking has been shown to have a significantly negative influence on independence. Third, looking through the sub-factor of students' life satisfaction, satisfaction of relationship with classmates was found to have significant influences on the career decisiveness, preparation, and independence. satisfaction of relationship with teachers has been shown to have a significantly positive influence on confidence, career decisiveness and the whole of career maturity inventory attitude. And then, satisfaction of school learning activities does not have any significant impact on career maturity inventory attitude at all. Satisfaction of school environment has been shown to have significantly negative influences on confidence and career decisiveness. For helping Chinese students in South Korea to choose more suitable career path and development, it is necessary to improve career maturity inventory attitude through the enhancement of planned happenstance skills, rather than career counseling and career education to only improve the career maturity inventory attitude, it also seems necessary to focus on the planned happenstance skills in these works. Also, counseling and education before and after entering school to improve students' life satisfaction are important. Such as admission counseling and education to help individuals choose a more suitable university and major before entering the university, and, after entering the university, it seems that school counseling is necessary to guide students on how to improve their relationship with classmates and teachers in a good way and attitude, and then guides students improving interest in their own learning, their desire for achievement, and how to effectively use the school environment and correct attitudes. Therefore, it is expected that the results derived from this study will help lay the foundation for improvement to secure practicality and future research directions on planned happenstance skills, students’ life satisfaction, and career maturity inventory attitude of Chinese students in South Korea.