$\Theta$-Derivations on Prime Rings

Kyoo-Hong Park,Yong-Soo Jung 한국전산응용수학회 2003 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.12 No.1-2

In this paper we show the following: Let R be a prime ring (withcharacteristic dierent wo) and a ∈R. Let Θ, :R → R be automorphisms andletd :R → R be a nonzero Θ-derivation. (iif [d(x), a]Θ = 0 (or d([x, a]) = 0 )for all x ∈R, then a + (a) ∈Z, the center ofR, (iiif .d(x), a. = 0 for allx ∈R, then d(a) = 0. (iiiif [ ad(x), x] = 0 for all x ∈R, then eithera = 0 o rR is commutative.AMS Mathematics Subject Classication : 16W25, 16W20, 16U80Key words and phrases : Prime ring, Θ-derivation1. IntroductionThroughout this paper,R will represent an associative ring andZ will be itscenter. Letx,y∈R. The commutatorxy yx will be denoted by [x, y] and theproductxy+ yx by .x, y.. Let:R → R be an automorphism. We write [x, y]forxy (y)x, and will make extensive use of the following basic commutatoridentities: [xy, z] = x[y, z] + [x, z]y, [xy, z] = x[y, z]+ [x, (z)]y =x[y, z]+[x, z]y, [x, yz]=[x, y]z + (y)[x, z].Let Θ :R → R be an automorphism. An additive mapping d :R → R iscalled a Θ-derivation ifd(xy)=d(x)y ( x)d(y) for all x, y∈R.A 1-derivation is called simply a derivation, where 1 :R → R is the identitymap. A derivationd is inner if there exists ana ∈R such thatd(x)=[x, a] forall x ∈R.LetR be a prime ring with characteristic dierent wo andd : R → R anonzero derivation. In [1], I. N. Herstein proved that ifa ∈R and [d(x), a]=0Received July 10, 2002. Revised January 23, 2003This work was done under the support of Seowon University Research Fund 2002.c. 2003 Korean Society for Computational & Applied Mathematics.313314 Kyoo-Hong Park and Yong-Soo Jungfor allx ∈R, thena ∈Z. As a continuation of our earlier works for derivations([2], [3]), we here improve the above result and obtain some analogous results.

Notes on bird species newly recorded in Korea

Kim, Hwa-Jung,Kim, Dong-Won,Hur, Wee-Haeng,Jang, Byoungsoon,Lee, Yun-Kyung,Kwon, In-Ki,Park, Jong-Hyun,Park, Jong-Gil,Kang, Chang-Wan,Kim, Eun-Mi,Choi, Soon-Kyoo,Kim, Han-Kyu The National Institute of Biological Resources 2020 Journal of species research Vol.9 No.4

A total of 527 species of birds have been recorded in Korea. We summarize the records of three genera and six species that have been newly reported in Korea, discovered through the avian monitoring programs carried out by The National Institute of Biological Resources from 2013 to 2016. These six newly recorded species are; Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris), Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis), Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola), Black-winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus), Mongolian Lark (Melanocorypha mongolica) and Crested Myna (Acridotheres cristatellus). One Ring-necked Duck was observed on March 23, 2014 in Jungrangcheon Stream. One male Lesser Scaup was recorded on February 24, 2014 in Gyeongpoho Lagoon. A male bufflehead was first seen in Yeongrangho Lagoon on January 26, 2013. The Black-winged Kite was first observed on January 23, 2013 at the Gangseo Wetland Ecological Park. One Mongolian Lark was also recorded on May 11, 2016 and May 12, 2017 in Marado Island. The Crested Myna was first observed on April 20, 2016 in Seomando, Island.

부신절제가 전기경련 충격에 의한 흰쥐 뇌의 조기유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

하규섭,강웅구,정희연,주연호,박주배,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

부신피질 호르몬이 뇌에서 전기경련 충격(ECS)에 의한 조기유전자(IEG)의 발현에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 양측 부신을 절제한 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐에서 부신을절제한 지 3일 후에 ECS로 경련을 유발시켜 대뇌 피질, 해마 및 소뇌에서 c-fos, jun B, TIS 1의 발현 양상을 관찰하고 이를 대조군과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 부신절제 후 대뇌 피질에서 ECS에 의한 c-fos와 jun B 및 TIS 1 mRNA 발현은 대조군에 비하여 억제되었다. 2) 해마와 소뇌에서는 IEG의 종류에 상관없이 부신절제가 ECS에 의한 IEG의 발현에 별 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 부신절제는 ECS에 의한 IEG의 발현에 영향을 미치며, 그 영향은 뇌의 부위에 따라 다름을 확인할 수 있었다. 부신피질 호르몬이 IEG 발현에 영향을 미치는 기전에 대하여 고찰하였다. The adrenocortical hormones have been known to be related with the pathogenesis of mental disorders and individual vulnerability to stress. To evaluate the influences of adrenocortical hormone on the signal transduction system in rat brain, the authors observed the effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the induction of immediate early genes(IEGs) after electroconvulsive shock(ECS). Male Sprague-Dawley rats(200 - 250g) were treated with ECS(130V, 0.5sec) at day 3 after bilateral adrenalectomy. Rats were sacrificed at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after ECS, and cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum were dissected from the brain. The induction of IEGs was assessed with northern hybridization. The band intensities of the autoradiographs measured with densitometer were compared between adrenalectomized group and sham-operated control group. After adrenalectomy, the c-fos, jun B, and TIS 1 induction by ECS was generally attenuated in the cerebral cortex. The induction of IEGs in the hippocampus and in the cerebellum was not influenced by adrenalectomy. These results suggest that adrenalectomy has differential influences on the induction of IEGs by ECS in the rat brain depending on the region of brain.

윤곽검출용 CMOS 시각칩의 수평억제기능에 대한 해석

김정환,박대식,박종호,김경문,공재성,신장규,이민호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

어떤 흰쥐 뇌에서 부신절제가 전기경련 충격에 의한 조기유전자 발현에 미치는 영향

하규섭,강웅구,정희연,주연호,조수철,박주배,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

부신피질 호르몬이 70g 이내의 어린 흰쥐의 뇌에서 전기경련 충격에 의한 조기유전자(IEG)의 발현에 미치는 급성 효과 및 만성 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 70g 이내의 생식선이 발달하지 않은 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐에서 양측 부신을 절제한지 3일과 14일 후에 전기경련 충격으로 경련을 유발시켜 대뇌 피질과 해마에서 c-fos, jun B, TIS 1 의 발현 양상을 관찰하고 이를 대조군과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 부신절제 후 대뇌 피질에서 전기경련 충격에 의한 c-fos와 jun B mRNA 발현은 일찍 최대치에 도달하고 일찍 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 초기의 발현이 강화되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 경향은 jun B가 c-fos 보다 뚜렷하였으며, 부신절제 후 3일이 경과된 경우보다 14일이 경과된 경우가 뚜렷하였다. 2) TIS 1의 경우에는 대뇌 피질에서 이러한 초기 발현의 강화가 관찰되지 않았으며, 부신절제 14일된 어린 흰쥐에서만 발현이 억제되는 경향을 보였다. 3) 부신절제는 해마에서는 전기경련 충격에 의한 c-fos와 jun B의 발현에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 부신절제 3일 후 전기경련 충격에 의한 TIS 1의 발현은 억제되는 경향이 관찰되었으나, 부신절제 14일 후에는 이러한 경향이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 부신절제는 전기경련 충격에 의한 IEG의 발현에 영향을 미치며, 그 영향은 흰쥐의 뇌의 부위, IEG의 종류에 따라 차이가 있음을 알수 있었고, 흰쥐의 연령 및 부신피질 호르몬을 제거한 기간 등의 영향도 있음을 확인할수 있었다. To evaluate the influences of adrenocortical hormone on the signal transduction system in young brain, the authors observed the effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the induction of immediate early genes(IEGs) such as c-fos, jun B, and TIS 1 by electroconvulsive shock(ECS) in the young rats. The young(70g) male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ECS(130V, 0.5sec) at day 3 or 14 after bilateral adrenalectomy. They were sacrificed at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after ECS and cerebral cortex and hippocampus were dissected from their brans . The induction of IEGs were assessed with northern by hybridization. The band intensities of the autoradiographs measured by densitometer were compared between adrenalectomized group and sham-operated control group. In the cerebral cortex, c-fos and jun B appeared and disappeared earlier, and enhanced in the earlier phase of the induction in the adrenalectomized group. These trends were more prominent for jun B than for c-fos, and were more prominent at day 14 than at day 3 after adrenalectomy. The induction of TIS 1 was attenuated at day 14 after adrenalectomy. In the hippocampus, the induction of c-fos and jun B by ECS was not influenced by adrenalectomy. The induction of TIS 1 was attenuated at day 3 after adrenalectomy. These results suggest that adrenalectomy has influences on the induction of IEGs by ECS in rat brain differently, depending on the brain region, the kind of IEGs, the age of the rats, and the time passed after adrenalectomy.

A New 5α,8α-Epidioxy Sterol from a Marine Sponge Psammocinia Species

Hye Jin Park1,,Xuan Luo1,,Jongki Hong2,,Dong-kyoo Kim3,,Kwang Sik Im1, and,Jee H. Jung1* 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.4

An investigation of the MeOH soluble fractions of a marine sponge Psammocinia sp. (Order:Dictyoceratida) led to the isolation of a new epidioxy sterol (1) and four known sterols (2-5). Their planarstructures were defined by analyses of the spectroscopic data. The 27-nor-24-methylcholestan type side chain withan epidioxy nucleus (1) was unprecedented. Compounds 1-5 were isolated from a sponge Psammocinia sp. for the first time.

忠州市 요각골 水害의 水文學的 原因分析

張仁洙,朴定奎,金知學 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1995 産業科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

For the flood disaster analysis of the Yogak valley sustained much flood damage from June 30, 1994 to July 1, hydrologic analysis is carried out. In this analysis, models of rainfall frequency analysis are classified to following models : Two-Parameter Lognormal, Three-Parameter Lognormal, Pearson Type III, Log-Pearson Type III and Extremal Type I distribution. SCS curve number method is used at the estimation of excess rainfall. Muskingum model is used at the channel routing. Rational formula, Modified Kajiyama, Clark and SCS model are applied at the rainfall-runoff analysis in subbasins.

연속 저항 회로망을 이용한 국소 광적응 윤곽검출 시각칩의 설계

김경문,김정환,박종호,공재성,신장규,이민호 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

중증 재생불량성 빈혈 환자의 동종골수이식 후에 병발한 간정맥폐색질환(Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease)의 임상 경과 및 혈액응고 인자들의 변화

이제환,이규형,최성준,민영주,김신,이정신,김상희,박찬정,지현숙,김우건 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1999 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.4 No.2

연구배경: 재생불량성 빈혈 경우에는 조혈모세포 이식 후 VOD의 발생에 관한 보고가 거의 없는 실정이다. 저자 등은 cyclophosphamide와 antithymocyte globulin으로 전처치 후에 동종골수이식을 시행한 재생불량성 빈혈 환자들을 대상으로 하여 VOD의 발생과 임상 양상, 혈액응고 인자들의 변화에 관하여 분석하여 보았다. 방법: 재생불량성 빈혈로 동종골수이식을 시행 받은 13예 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 임상적 기준에 따라 VOD를 진단하였으며 임상 경과에 따라서 경중을 분류하였다. Protein C, protein S, antithrombin Ⅲ, tPA, PAI-1 등의 혈액응고 인자들을 전처치 투여전, 골수 주입당일, 이식 후 제7, 14, 21일에 측정하였다. 결과: 7예(53.8%)에서 VOD가 발생하였으며, 경증 5예, 중등도 2예였다. VOD군에서 혈소판치가 20.000/㎕ 이상을 유지하는 데까지 걸리는 시간이 더 길었다(p=0.026). 또한 VOD군에서 적혈구 및 혈소판의 수혈 요구량이 각각 유의하게 많았다(p=0.025, 0.015). 혈액응고 인자들의 변화를 보면, 제 0일에 VOD군에서 PAI-1의 혈중 농도가 유의하게 더 높았다.(p=0.034). 결론: 재생불량성 빈혈환자에서도 조혈모세포 이식 후에 VOD의 높은 발생률을 관찰하였으며, 대부분이 경증이었다. VOD 환자에서의 혈액응고 인자들의 변화는 PAL-1이 VOD의 감별 진단을 위하여 이용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. Background: There are few reports about the occurrence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease(VOD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA). We analyzed the incidence and clinical outcomes of VOD and changes of coagulation factors in patients with SAA who were conditioned with cyclophosphamide plus ATG and underwent allogeneic BMT. Methods: Thirteen patients with SAA who underwent allogeneic BMT were included. A diagnosis of VOD was made according to clinical criteria, and severity of VOD was classified according to clinical course. Plasma levels of protein C, protein S, antithrombin Ⅲ, t-PA, and PAI-1 were determined before preparative chemotherapy, in the day of marrow infusion, and days 7, 14, and 21. Results: VOD occurred in 7/13(53.8%). Five were mild VOD and two were moderate VOD. Time to platelet ≥20,000/L was slower (p=0.026) and red cell and platelet transfusion requirements were higher (p=0.025,0.015) in patients with VOD . The mean plasma level of PAI-1 at 0 were higher in patients with VOD (p=0.034). Conclusion: We observed the high incidence of VOD after allogeneic BMT in patients with SAA. A majority of cases of VOD were mild. The changes of PAI-1 after BMT may be useful marker of hepatic VOD

8년간(1992~1999) 산업안전보건연구원에 의뢰된 직업병 심의 사례 분석

강성규,김규상,김양호,최정근,안연순,진영우,최병순,양정선,김은아,채창호,최용휴,김대성,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardio-cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Methods : The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999. Results : Male was 80.7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75.5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50.7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4%), cancers(18.5%), Neuropsychiatric problems(14.5%), and musculoskeletal problems(13.5%). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73.6% of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28.5 % were by organic solvents. 67% of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country. Conclusions : A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.