Application of Multispectral Remotely Sensed Imagery for the Characterization of Complex Coastal Wetland Ecosystems of southern India: A Special Emphasis on Comparing Soft and Hard Classification Methods

Palanisamy Shanmugamt,Yu Hwan Ahn,Shanmugam Sanjeevi 大韓遠隔探査學會 2005 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

This paper makes an effort to compare the recently evolved soft classification method based on Linear Spectral Mixture Modeling (LSMM) with the traditional hard classification methods based on Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) and Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) algorithms in order to achieve appropriate results for mapping, monitoring and preserving valuable coastal wetland ecosystems of southern India using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) 1C/1D USS-Ⅲ and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper image data. ISODATA and MLC methods were attempted on these satellite image data to produce maps of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wetland classes for each of three contrast coastal wetland sites, Pitchavaram, Vedaranniyam and Rameswaram. The accuracy of the derived classes was assessed with the simplest descriptive statistic technique called overall accuracy and a discrete multivariate technique called KAPPA accuracy. ISODATA classification resulted in maps with poor accuracy compared to MLC classification that produced maps with improved accuracy. However, there was a systematic decrease in overall accuracy and KAPPA accuracy, when more number of classes was derived from IRS-1C/1D and Landsat-5 TM imagery by ISODATA and MLC. There were two principal factors for the decreased classification accuracy, namely spectral overlapping/confusion and inadequate spatial resolution of the sensors. Compared to the former, the limited instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of these sensors caused occurrence of number of mixture pixels (mixels) in the image and its effect on the classification process was a major problem to deriving accurate wetland cover types, in spite of the increasing spatial resolution of new generation Earth Observation Sensors (EOS). In order to improve the classification accuracy, a soft classification method based on Linear Spectral Mixture Modeling (LSMM) was described to calculate the spectral mixture and classify IRS-1C/1D LISS-Ⅲ and Landsat-5 TM Imagery. This method considered number of reflectance end-members that form the scene spectra, followed by the determination of their nature and finally the decomposition of the spectra into their end-members. To evaluate the LSMM areal estimates, resulted fractional end-members were compared with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), ground truth data, as well as those estimates derived from the traditional hard classifier (MLC). The findings revealed that NDVI values and vegetation fractions were positively correlated (r2=0.96, 0.95 and 0.92 for Rameswaram, Vedaranniyam and Pitchavaram respectively) and NDVI and soil fraction values were negatively correlated (r2=0.53, 0.39 and 0.13), indicating the reliability of the sub-pixel classification. Comparing with ground truth data, the precision of LSMM for deriving moisture fraction was 92% and 96% for soil fraction. The LSMM in general would seem well suited to locating small wetland habitats which occurred as sub-pixel inclusions, and to representing continuous gradations between different habitat types.

Influence of Environmental Parameters on the Distribution and Diversity of Molluscan Composition in Pondicherry Mangroves, Southeast Coast of India

Palanisamy Satheeshkumar,Anisa Basheer Khan 한국해양과학기술원 2012 Ocean science journal Vol.47 No.1

Seasonal variation in the distribution of mollusks in relation to environmental parameters was studied at four mangrove stations on the Pondicherry coast during September 2008-August 2009. A total of 37 species of molluscs were recorded, among them 16 species of bivalves belonging to 7 families and 12 Genera, and 21 species of gastropods belonging to 14 families and 19 Genera, with the Cereithedia cingulata being the dominant group. An increase of species density and diversity in the Post monsoon season was observed, with the highest values for both indexes at stations 1 and 2, and the lowest at stations 3 and 4 fine where the sand assemblage was dominated by a few gastropods. Pollution indicator species Cassidula nucleus, Melampus ceylonicus, Sphaerassiminea minuta were found only in highly polluted regions near stations 3 and 4; they were totally absent in moderately polluted areas near stations 1 and 2. From a stepwise multivariate analysis of the different environmental parameters regarding molluscan density, it was found that in all 10 parameters govern the density variation of benthic mollusks in Pondicherry mangroves and that the organic matter of sediment and sulphide, DO, and salinity were the highly significant ones.

Experimental validation of Kalman filter-based strain estimation in structures subjected to non-zero mean input

Palanisamy, Rajendra P.,Cho, Soojin,Kim, Hyunjun,Sim, Sung-Han Techno-Press 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.2

Response estimation at unmeasured locations using the limited number of measurements is an attractive topic in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). Because of increasing complexity and size of civil engineering structures, measuring all structural responses from the entire body is intractable for the SHM purpose; the response estimation can be an effective and practical alternative. This paper investigates a response estimation technique based on the Kalman state estimator to combine multi-sensor data under non-zero mean input excitations. The Kalman state estimator, constructed based on the finite element (FE) model of a structure, can efficiently fuse different types of data of acceleration, strain, and tilt responses, minimizing the intrinsic measurement noise. This study focuses on the effects of (a) FE model error and (b) combinations of multi-sensor data on the estimation accuracy in the case of non-zero mean input excitations. The FE model error is purposefully introduced for more realistic performance evaluation of the response estimation using the Kalman state estimator. In addition, four types of measurement combinations are explored in the response estimation: strain only, acceleration only, acceleration and strain, and acceleration and tilt. The performance of the response estimation approach is verified by numerical and experimental tests on a simply-supported beam, showing that it can successfully estimate strain responses at unmeasured locations with the highest performance in the combination of acceleration and tilt.

Treatment of Ovarian Cancer Cells with Nutlin-3 and Resveratrol Combination Leads to Apoptosis via Caspase Activation

Palanisamy Marimuthu,Kamal Kaur,Umadevi Kandalam,Vandana Jasani,Nidha Bukhari,Michelle Nguyen,Alleesa Abdul,Farheen F. Pervez,Appu Rathinavelu 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

The current study was focused on the induction of apoptotic effects of resveratrol along with the combination treatments of nutlin-3 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) against the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780/CP70. To determine the extent of apoptosis following the above-mentioned treatments, we assessed the execution of apoptotic events that proceed via caspase activation and cytochrome c release. We estimated the caspase-3 and -9 activities using a direct enzymatic assay that measures the cleavage of synthetic peptide substrate (N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-p-nitroanilide). Our experiments showed an increase in caspase-3 and -9 activities in the cells that were treated with the combination of resveratrol (5μM) with nutlin-3 (5μM) or TGF-β (1μg/mL). Since activation of procaspase-3 by caspase-9 requires the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, we measured the levels of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm by western blot experiments. The data indicated a considerable increase in caspase-3 and cytochrome c levels when cells were treated with drugs for 24 hours. Experiments with 4,6′-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining also confirmed the induction of apoptosis in all the above-mentioned treatments done at 24 and 48 hours. These results support our hypothesis that resveratrol combination can induce programmed cell death at doses that

High-performance Organic Solar Cells based on a Low-bandgap Poly-thienothiophene-benzodithiophene Polymer and Fullerene Composite Prepared by using the Airbrush Spray-coating Technique

Palanisamy Kumar,Santhakumar Kannappan,Shizuyasu Ochiai,신백균 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.8

In the present work, we have demonstrated high-performance organic solar cells with spray coated active layers. The influence of the nanomorphology on the power conversion efficiency of poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl] [3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl] thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7):[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid (PC71BM)methyl ester bulk heterojunction solar cells is presented. Active layers were prepared using a chlorobenzene solvent containing a small volume of 1,8-diiodooctane as an additive by spray coating with conventional handheld airbrushes. The surface morphology of the active layers deposited for various spray-coating times was examined using atomic force microscopy. The resulting devices were measured under AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm2) conditions in an ambient atmosphere. The optimized spray-coated PTB7:PC71BM film showed a high solar cell performance with a short-circuit current density of 14.20 ± 0.41 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 56.00 ± 0.02% and a power conversion efficiency of 5.96 ± 0.15%.

Self-assembled porous MoO₂/graphene microspheres towards high performance anodes for lithium ion batteries

Palanisamy, Kowsalya,Kim, Yunok,Kim, Hansu,Kim, Ji Man,Yoon, Won-Sub Elsevier 2015 Journal of Power Sources Vol.275 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Three dimensional (3D) porous self-assembled MoO<SUB>2</SUB>/graphene microspheres are successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted hydrothermal process in a short reaction time followed by thermal annealing. Such rationally designed multifunctional hybrid nanostructure is constructed from interconnected MoO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (3–5 nm), which is self-assembled into ordered nanoporous microspheres via strong electrostatic attraction between graphene sheets and MoO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles. The MoO<SUB>2</SUB>/graphene hybrid structure delivers a high reversible capacity with significantly enhanced cycling stability (∼1300 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> after 80 cycles at C/10 rate) and excellent rate capability (913 and 390 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> at 2C and 5C rates, respectively), when used as an anode material. The microspheres are interconnected and well encapsulated by the flexible graphene sheets, which not only accommodates large volume change but also increases the electrical conductivity of the hybrid structure. Moreover, nanoporous voids present in the 3D framework facilitate effective electrolyte penetration and make a direct contact with the active MoO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles, thereby greatly enhancing lithium ion transport. The strategic combination of self-assembly, nanoporous voids, 3D network and intriguing properties of graphene sheets provides excellent electrochemical performance as anode materials for Lithium ion battery applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MoO<SUB>2</SUB>/graphene microsphere is synthesized by microwave assisted hydrothermal method. </LI> <LI> Graphene encapsulation driven the self-assembly of 3D porous framework. </LI> <LI> Nanoporous voids enable effective electrolyte penetration. </LI> <LI> Strategic combination of 3D architecture provides superior Li ion storage property. </LI> </UL> </P>

Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator-Based Tracking Control for Fuzzy Systems

Palanisamy Selvaraj,Boomipalagan Kaviarasan,Seung-Hoon Lee,Oh-Min Kwon 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

In this paper, a novel robust tracking control scheme is developed for a class of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems subject to completely unknown perturbed dynamics and unknown external disturbances. The main objective of this paper is to simultaneously reject the lumped disturbance and asymptotically track a prescribed reference signal by the system states. First, the uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) algorithm is used to estimate and cancel out the unknown lumped disturbance effect. The concept behind the UDE algorithm is that a signal can be approximated and estimated by using a filter with the appropriate bandwidth. Then, the tracking control problem of considered fuzzy system is equivalently transformed into the stability problem of an error system. Finally, two numerical examples with simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and applications of the proposed control scheme.

A Dual Channel Colorimetric and Fluorescence Chemosensing of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> Ion and Its Bio-Imaging Application

Palanisamy Ravichandiran,Maciej Masłyk,Antony Paulraj Bella,Dong Jin Yoo 한국에너지학회 2019 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2019 No.10

Reactive Power Control and Neutral Current Elimination of Four Wire Five Level NPC Inverter based STATCOM using 3D-SVPWM Technique

Palanisamy R.,Karthikeyan D.,Vidyasagar S.,Kalyanasundaram V.,Selvakumar K.,Vijayakumar K.,Selvabharathi D. 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.4

In this paper, three phase four wire fi ve level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (NPCI) based Static synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is implemented for reactive power control and neutral current elimination. Three dimensional Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (3D-SVPWM) control strategy is developed to control this 5-level NPC inverter. The behaviour of static synchronous compensator is analyzed and reactive power control is done using constant DC voltage. The objective of this compensating method is to provide balanced and sinusoidal source currents under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions and reactive power control. The 3D-SVPWM technique provides reduced harmonic content in output voltage and current, controlled source current, minimized common mode voltage and improved output voltage. In 3D-SVPWM, switching pulses are generated with non-redundant switching states, which lead to reduce the complexity in switching time calculation and computational time is less. The highlights of the paper includes the neutral current is reduced to 0.25A, source current harmonics is minimized and it provides balanced and sinusoidal source currents with help of STATCOM compensation. The simulation and experimental results demonstrates the sinusoidal and harmonics free source current and minimized neutral current for four wire fi ve level NPCI based STATCOM.

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.): A Renowned Commercial Timber Species

Palanisamy, K.,Hegde, Maheshwar,Yi, Jae-Seon Institute of Forest Science 2009 Journal of Forest Science Vol.25 No.1

Teak (Tectona grandis) is one of the most valuable timber yielding species in the world, with predominant distribution in tropical or sub-tropical countries. However, natural teak available only in few countries like India, Myanmar, Laos People's Democratic Republic and Thailand. Teak grows well in deep, well-drained alluvial soils, fairly moist, warm, tropical climate with pH ranges from 6.5-7.5. Teak is cultivated in many Asian, African and South American countries for timber production. The global teak plantations are estimated to be three million hectare with major share in India (44%) followed by Indonesia (33%). India is considered as richest genetic resources of teak with large areas of natural teak bearing forests (8.9 million ha), plantations (1.5 million ha), clonal seed orchards (1000 ha) and seed production areas (5000 ha). The studies on diversity of teak populations showed that teak is an out crossing species with major portion of diversity present within the populations. The productivity and quality of teak timber varies depending upon the site and environmental conditions. Teak wood is moderately heavy, strong and tough,straight grained, coarse textured and ring porous with specific gravity varies from 0.55 to 0.70. The sapwood is white to pale yellow in colour and clearly demarcated while heartwood is dark brown or dark golden yellow in colour. Teak is one of the most durable timbers in the world, practically, impervious to fungus and white ant attack and resistant to decay. Teak wood is used in ship and boat constructions, furnitures and aesthetic needs. Genetic improvement programmes have been undertaken in countries like Thailand, India, Malaysia and Indonesia. The programme includes provenance identification and testing, plus tree selection and clonal multiplication, establishment of seed orchards and controlled hybridization. Several aspects like phenology, reproductive biology, fruit characteristics, silvicultural practices for cultivation, pest and diseases problems, production of improved planting stock, harvesting and marketing, wood properties and future tree improvement strategy to enhance productivity have been discussed in this paper.