Comparison of Methodologies to Quantify Phytate Phosphorus in Diets Containing Phytase and Excreta from Broilers

de P. Naves, L.,Rodrigues, P.B.,Bertechini, A.G.,Correa, A.D.,de Oliveira, D.H.,de Oliveira, E.C.,Duarte, W.F.,da Cunha, M.R.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.7

The use of a suitable methodology to quantify the phytate phosphorus ($P_{phy}$) content in both the feed and the excreta from broilers is required to enable accurate calculation of the catalytic efficiency of the phytase supplemented in the feed. This study was conducted to compare 2 analytical methodologies (colorimetry and also high-performance liquid chromatography with a refractive index detector) in order to calculate the phytase efficiency by utilizing the results from the methodology that was shown to be the most appropriate. One hundred and twenty broilers were distributed in a $(4+1){\times}2$ factorial arrangement, corresponding to 4 diets that were equally deficient in P supplemented with increasing levels of phytase (0, 750, 1,500, and 2,250 units of phytase activity - FTU - per kg of feed) plus 1 positive control diet without phytase, supplied to male and female birds. The result indicated that the colorimetric methodology with an extraction ratio of 1:20 (mass of sample in g:volume of the solvent extractor in mL) was shown to be the most adequate. There was no interaction between the phytase level and the sex of the broilers (p>0.05). Males consumed 12% more $P_{phy}$ than did females (p<0.01), but the sex of the broilers did not affect (p>0.05) the excretion and retention coefficient of $P_{phy}$. The increase in the phytase level of the diet reduced (linear, p<0.01) the $P_{phy}$ excretion. The greatest $P_{phy}$ retention was estimated at 87.85% when the diet contained 1,950 FTU/kg (p<0.01), indicating that it is possible to reduce the inorganic P in the formulation at an amount equivalent to 87.85% of the $P_{phy}$ content present in the feed, which, in this research, corresponds to a decrease in 2.86 g of P/kg of the feed.

Ingestive Behavior of Heifers Supplemented with Glycerin in Substitution of Corn on Brachiaria brizantha Pasture

Facuri, L.M.A.M.,Silva, Roberio Rodrigues,da Silva, F.F.,de Carvalho, G.G.P.,Sampaio, C.B.,Mendes, F.B.L.,Lisboa, M.M.,Barroso, D.S.,Carvalho, V.M.,Pereira, M.M.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.11

The objective was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers finished on a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture receiving four levels of glycerin in their supplementation. Thirty-six crossbred heifers with average initial weight of $264.83{\pm}3.83kg$ and 20 months of age were distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replications: control (0%), 4.82%, 10.12%, and 15.56% glycerin in the dry matter. The grazing time reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the time spent on activities like rumination, idleness, trough and total chewing time were quadratically affected (p<0.05). Bite rate and number of bites/day were quadratically influenced (p<0.05). The number of bites/swallowed cud and the number of bites/minute, however, increased linearly (p<0.05). Although the time spent on each cud and number of chews per cud were not affected (p>0.05).The number of rumination periods reduced linearly (p<0.05), whereas the number of grazing, idle and trough periods, and the times per grazing, idle, rumination and trough periods were quadratically affected (p<0.05). The feed and rumination efficiencies of the dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, pasture dry matter and concentrate were quadratically affected (p>0.05) whereas the feed efficiency of neutral detergent fiber reduced linearly (p<0.05). Addition of glycerin in substitution of corn in supplements for animals managed on pastures does not influenced feed intake, but reduces the grazing time and increases the idle time. The supplementation also improves feed and rumination efficiencies.

Highly tailorable gellan gum nanoparticles as a platform for the development of T cell activator systems

Daniel B. Rodrigues,Helena R. Moreira,Mariana T. Cerqueira,Alexandra P. Marques,António G. Castro,Rui L. Reis,Rogério P. Pirraco 한국생체재료학회 2022 생체재료학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Background: T cell priming has been shown to be a powerful immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment in terms of efficacy and relatively weak side effects. Systems that optimize the stimulation of T cells to improve therapeutic efficacy are therefore in constant demand. A way to achieve this is through artificial antigen presenting cells that are complexes between vehicles and key molecules that target relevant T cell subpopulations, eliciting antigenspecific T cell priming. In such T cell activator systems, the vehicles chosen to deliver and present the key molecules to the targeted cell populations are of extreme importance. In this work, a new platform for the creation of T cell activator systems based on highly tailorable nanoparticles made from the natural polymer gellan gum (GG) was developed and validated. Methods: GG nanoparticles were produced by a water in oil emulsion procedure, and characterized by dynamic light scattering, high resolution scanning electronic microscopy and water uptake. Their biocompatibility with cultured cells was assessed by a metabolic activity assay. Surface functionalization was performed with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies via EDC/NHS or NeutrAvidin/Biotin linkage. Functionalized particles were tested for their capacity to stimulate CD4+ T cells and trigger T cell cytotoxic responses. Results: Nanoparticles were approximately 150 nm in size, with a stable structure and no detectable cytotoxicity. Water uptake originated a weight gain of up to 3200%. The functional antibodies did efficiently bind to the nanoparticles, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE, which then targeted the desired CD4+ populations, as confirmed by confocal microscopy. The developed system presented a more sustained T cell activation over time when compared to commercial alternatives. Concurrently, the expression of higher levels of key cytotoxic pathway molecules granzyme B/perforin was induced, suggesting a greater cytotoxic potential for future application in adoptive cancer therapy. Conclusions: Our results show that GG nanoparticles were successfully used as a highly tailorable T cell activator system platform capable of T cell expansion and re-education.

Ferroelectric switching behavior of pulsed laser deposited Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films

José P.B. Silva,Koppole C. Sekhar,Sofia A.S. Rodrigues,Anatoli Khodorov,Javier Martín-Sanchez,Mário Pereira,Maria J.M. Gomes 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.4

The effect of pulse amplitude on the ferroelectric and switching properties of pulsed laser deposited Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films has been studied. The structural and morphological analysis revealed that the films had a well crystallized perovskite phase and grain size of about 30e40 nm. A well saturated PeE hysteresis loop was observed with a remnant polarization (Pr)z4.8 mC/cm2 and a coercive fieldz100 kV/cm at a frequency of 1 kHz. The Pr has been found to be decreased only 4.3% after passing 8.0 × 108 cycles. The analysis of switching response with nucleation limited switching model reveals that characteristic switching time (t0) variance is due to the random distribution of the local electric fields. The peak value of polarization current and t0 exhibits exponential dependence on reciprocal of pulse amplitude. The effect of pulse amplitude on the ferroelectric and switching properties of pulsed laser deposited Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films has been studied. The structural and morphological analysis revealed that the films had a well crystallized perovskite phase and grain size of about 30e40 nm. A well saturated PeE hysteresis loop was observed with a remnant polarization (Pr)z4.8 mC/cm2 and a coercive fieldz100 kV/cm at a frequency of 1 kHz. The Pr has been found to be decreased only 4.3% after passing 8.0 × 108 cycles. The analysis of switching response with nucleation limited switching model reveals that characteristic switching time (t0) variance is due to the random distribution of the local electric fields. The peak value of polarization current and t0 exhibits exponential dependence on reciprocal of pulse amplitude.

(Cyto)genomic and epigenetic characterization of BICR 10 cell line and three new established primary human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cultures

Ilda P. Ribeiro,Joana M. Rodrigues,Alexandra Mascarenhas,Vanessa Marques,Francisco Caramelo,Maria J. Julião,Thomas Liehr,Joana B. Melo,Isabel M. Carreira 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.10

Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines are useful preclinical models to understand the molecular processes underlying the development of such tumors, and to establish targeted therapies. Objective We performed a comprehensive (cyto)genomic and epigenetic characterization of three new established primary human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cultures and an established, yet undercharacterized cell line: BICR 10. Methods Karyotyping, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization, array comparative genomic hybridization and methylation- specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were applied. Results The three primary cultures turned out to be a near-triploid and BICR 10 near-diploid. Banding and molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed non-random numerical and structural aberrations. The most common rearrangements identified in BICR 10 cell line were non-complex derivatives of reciprocal translocations, in which the breakpoints often appeared in centromeric/near-centromeric regions. In the 3 primary cell cultures the most common rearrangements observed were iso- and derivatives chromosomes derived from translocations. Overall, gains of 7p, 8q and losses at 3p, 8p, 9p, 18q and Xp were present in all four studied samples. Among the analyzed genes, BICR 10 cell line exhibited enhanced methylation of gene promoter; however, in all studied samples PAX5, WT1 and GATA5 were methylated. Conclusion The here reported comprehensive characterization of BICR 10 cell line and the new established cultures enriches the resources available for head and neck cancer research, especially for testing therapeutic agents.

Validation of Prediction Equations of Energy Values of a Single Ingredient or Their Combinations in Male Broilers

R.R. Alvarenga,P.B. Rodrigues,M.G. Zangeronimo,E.C. Oliveira,F.C.M.Q. Mariano,E.M.C. Lima,L.P. Naves,N.B.S. Nardelli,N.B.S. Nardelli 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9

A set of prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of individual ingredients and diets used in the poultry feed industry was evaluated. The AMEn values of three energy ingredients (maize, sorghum and defatted maize germ meal), four protein ingredients (soybean meal, maize gluten meal 60% crude protein, integral micronized soy and roasted whole soybean) and four diets (three containing four feedstuffs, complex diets, and one containing only corn-soybean meal, basal diet) were determined using a metabolism assay with male broilers from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 days old. These values were compared to the AMEn values presented in the tables of energy composition or estimated by equation predictions based on chemical composition data of feedstuffs. In general, the equation predictions more precisely estimated the AMEn of feedstuffs when compared to the tables of energy composition. The equation AMEn (dry matter [DM] basis) = 4,164.187+51.006 ether extract (% in DM basis)–197.663 ash–35.689 crude fiber (% in DM basis)–20.593 neutral detergent fiber (% in DM basis) (R2 = 0.75) was the most applicable for the prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs and diets used in the poultry feed industry.

Validation of Prediction Equations of Energy Values of a Single Ingredient or Their Combinations in Male Broilers

Alvarenga, R.R.,Rodrigues, P.B.,Zangeronimo, M.G.,Oliveira, E.C.,Mariano, F.C.M.Q.,Lima, E.M.C.,Garcia, A.A.P. Jr,Naves, L.P.,Nardelli, N.B.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9

A set of prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of individual ingredients and diets used in the poultry feed industry was evaluated. The AMEn values of three energy ingredients (maize, sorghum and defatted maize germ meal), four protein ingredients (soybean meal, maize gluten meal 60% crude protein, integral micronized soy and roasted whole soybean) and four diets (three containing four feedstuffs, complex diets, and one containing only corn-soybean meal, basal diet) were determined using a metabolism assay with male broilers from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 days old. These values were compared to the AMEn values presented in the tables of energy composition or estimated by equation predictions based on chemical composition data of feedstuffs. In general, the equation predictions more precisely estimated the AMEn of feedstuffs when compared to the tables of energy composition. The equation AMEn (dry matter [DM] basis) = 4,164.187+51.006 ether extract (% in DM basis)-197.663 ash-35.689 crude fiber (% in DM basis)-20.593 neutral detergent fiber (% in DM basis) ($R^2=0.75$) was the most applicable for the prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs and diets used in the poultry feed industry.

Validation of Prediction Equations to Estimate the Energy Values of Feedstuffs for Broilers: Performance and Carcass Yield

Alvarenga, R.R.,Rodrigues, P.B.,Zangeronimo, M.G.,Makiyama, L.,Oliveira, E.C.,Freitas, R.T.F.,Lima, R.R.,Bernardino, V.M.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.10

The objective was to evaluate the use of prediction equations based on the chemical composition of feedstuffs to estimate the values of apparent metabolisable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) of corn and soybean meal for broilers. For performance and carcass characteristics, 1,200 one-d-old birds (male and female) were allotted to a completely randomised factorial $2{\times}8$ (two genders and eight experimental diets) with three replicates of each sex with 25 birds. In the metabolism trial, 240 eight-d-old birds were distributed in the same design, but with a split plot in time (age of evaluation) with five, four and three birds per plot, respectively, in stages 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 d of age. The treatments consisted of the use of six equations systems to predict the AMEn content of feedstuffs, tables of food composition and AMEn values obtained by in vivo assay, totalling eight treatments. Means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability and a confidence interval of 95% was used to check the fit of the energy values of the diets to the requirements of the birds. As a result of this study, the use of prediction equations resulted in better adjustment to the broiler requirements, resulting in better performance and carcass characteristics compared to the use of tables, however, the use of energy values of feedstuffs obtained by in vivo assay is still the most effective. The best equations were: AMEn = 4,021.8-227.55 Ash (for corn) combined with AMEn = -822.33+69.54 CP-45.26 ADF+90.81 EE (for soybean meal); AMEn = 36.21 CP+85.44 EE+37.26 NFE (nitrogen-free extract) (for corn) combined with AMEn = 37.5 CP+46.39 EE+14.9 NFE (for soybean); and AMEn = 4,164.187+51.006 EE-197.663 Ash-35.689 CF-20.593 NDF (for corn and soybean meal).

Effect of ripening time on bacteriological and physicochemical goat milk cheese characteristics

Rodrigo V. Moreira,Marion P. Costa,Beatriz S. Frasao,Vivian S. Sobral,Claudius C. Cabral,Bruna L. Rodrigues,Se´rgio B. Mano,Carlos A. Conte-Junior 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4

Cheese ripening involves lactose metabolism, lipolysis and proteolysis, which are affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to assess changes due to ripening (90 days) of goat milk cheese through bacteriological and physicochemical analysis in order to verify if, at the end of ripening period, this cheese could be considered ‘‘lactose-free’’. Three batches of the goat milk cheese were manufactured and ripened at 10 C and 80% relative humidity for 90 days. Titratable acidity increased by about 59 D due to carbohydrate degradation and organic acid production. However, pH (5.31–5.25) remained constant. Lactococcus was the dominant cheese microbiota, acting in the fermentation of lactose (1.17–0.06 mg/g) and lactic acid production (5.49– s10.01 mg/g). Thus, ripening time was decisive for bacteriological and physicochemical goat milk cheese characteristics.

Ewing`s Sarcoma Of The Lesser Sac Masquerading As A Pancreatic Tumor

( Lakshmi Rao ),( Vidya Monappa ),( Gabriel Rodrigues ),( B P Suresh ) 대한내과학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.27 No.1

Extraosseous Ewing`s sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) is an uncommon, aggressive, and malignant tumor with a poor patient outcome. Its occurrence in the lesser sac is a rare event and to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously described. The present case was clinically and radiologically misdiagnosed as a pancreatic tumor/gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Histopathology revealed a tumor with "small round cells" that were positive for CD99, confirming the diagnosis of ES/PNET. This report highlights the importance of considering Ewing`s sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of intraabdominal, extraintestinal masses.