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Evaluation of pilot-scale in-vessel composting for Hanwoo manure management
Jeong, Kwang-Hwa,Kim, Jung Kon,Ravindran, Balasubramani,Lee, Dong Jun,Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung,Selvam, Ammaiyappan,Karthikeyan, Obuli P.,Kwag, Jung-Hoon Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The study investigated the effect of in-vessel composting process on Hanwoo manure in two different South Korea regions (Pyeongchang and Goechang) with sawdust using vertical cylindrical in-vessel bioreactor for 42days. The stability and quality of Hanwoo manure in both regions were improved and confirmed through the positive changes in physico-chemical and phytotoxic properties using different commercial seed crops. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC, ds/m) of composted manure in both regions were slightly increased. At the same time, carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio and ammonium nitrogen:nitrate nitrogen (NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-N:NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N) ratio decreased to 13.4–16.1 and 0.36–0.37, respectively. The germination index (GI, %) index was recorded in the range of 67.6–120.9%, which was greater than 50%, indicating phytotoxin-free compost. Although, composted manure values in Goechang region were better in significant parameters, overall results confirmed that the composting process could lead to complete maturation of the composted product in both regions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In-vessel composting process was effective in Hanwoo manure management. </LI> <LI> Both South Korea regions Hanwoo manure yielded matured and phytotoxic-free composts. </LI> <LI> Key process parameters were within the relevant compost standards. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Jung Kon,Lee, Dong Jun,Ravindran, Balasubramani,Jeong, Kwang-Hwa,Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung,Selvam, Ammaiyappan,Karthikeyan, Obuli P.,Kwag, Jung-Hoon Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.245 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The study investigated the effect of different initial moisture (IM) content (55, 60, 65, and 70%) of composting mixtures (swine manure and sawdust) for the production of nutrient rich manure, and the recovery of ammonia through a condensation process using a vertical cylindrical in-vessel composter for 56days. The composting resulted in a significant reduction in C:N ratio and electrical conductivity (EC), with a slight increase in pH in all products. The NH<SUB>3</SUB> were emitted notably, and at the same time the NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP>-N concentration gradually increased with the reduction of NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>-N in the composting mixtures. The overall results confirmed, the 65% IM showed the maximum nutritional yield, maturity and non-phytotoxic effects (<I>Lycopersicon esculentum</I> L.), with the results of ideal compost product in the following order of IM: 65%>60%>70%>55%. Finally, the recovered condensed ammonia contained considerable ammonium nitrogen concentrations and could be used as fertilizer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The integration of two process is a good strategy for swine manure management. </LI> <LI> The final compost from 65% initial moisture content treatment has well matured. </LI> <LI> A considerable amount of ammonium nitrogen recovered through a condensation process. </LI> <LI> Future study is needed on recovered ammonium nitrogen used as a liquid fertilizer. </LI> </UL> </P>
P. Gurumoorthy,J. Ravichandran,N. Karthikeyan,P. Palani,A. Kalilur Rahiman 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.7
The template synthesis of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes derived from 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol with diethylenetriamine or 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane produce the 12-membered N3O and 17-membered N4O macrocyclic complexes, respectively. The geometry of the complexes has been determined with the help of electronic and EPR spectroscopic values and found to be five coordinated square pyramidal and, six coordinated distorted tetragonal for 12-membered and 17-membered macrocyclic complexes, respectively. Electrochemical studies of the mononuclear N3O and N4O copper(II) complexes show one irreversible oneelectron reduction wave at Epc = –1.35 and –1.15 V respectively, and the corresponding nickel(II) complexes show irreversible one-electron reduction wave at Epc = –1.25 and –1.22 V, respectively. The nickel(II) complexes show irreversible one-electron oxidation wave at Epa = +0.84 and +0.82 V, respectively. All the complexes were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against the human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Krishnamoorthy, Karthikeyan,M. S. P., Sudhakaran,Pazhamalai, Parthiban,Mariappan, Vimal Kumar,Mok, Young Sun,Kim, Sang-Jae The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.7 No.32
<P>The dry reforming of methane (DRM) using CO2 for the production of syngas (H2 and CO) has received increasing attention for reducing global CO2 emissions. The main drawback of DRM reactions is the limited reusability of the spent catalyst due to carbon deposition on its surface. Thus, designing an appropriate catalytic system is adequate to achieve increased syngas production with low carbon deposition, and developing smart strategies to reuse the carbon deposited spent catalyst is highly desirable. In this work, two dimensional siloxene sheet (silicon analog of graphene oxide) coated nickel foam is examined as a novel catalyst for the DRM reaction. The siloxene/Ni foam catalyst demonstrated superior catalytic performance in terms of conversion efficiencies (for CH4 and CO2) and syngas production (H2 and CO) with a high H2/CO ratio of 1.5. Further, the carbon deposited siloxene/Ni spent catalyst recovered after the DRM reaction was effectively re-utilized as electrodes for a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) using an organic electrolyte. The fabricated SSC (using the spent catalyst as electrodes) delivered a high device capacitance (24.65 F g<SUP>−1</SUP>), high energy density (30.81 Wh kg<SUP>−1</SUP>), and high-power density (15 625 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP>) with a long cycle life. Considering that the estimated carbon cost for developing a supercapacitor electrode is about $15 per kilogram, our strategy to effectively reutilize the recovered carbon deposited spent catalyst for energy storage applications might be a promising and economical approach for utilization of the spent catalyst.</P>
조용남,강석현,( P. Santhoshkumar ),조윤철,( S. K. S Saravana Karthikeyan ),이창우 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1
One of promising advanced batteries is a Zn-air battery due to its high specific energy, low cost, high safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the Zn anodes in Zn-air batteries suffer from dendrite formation, shape change, corrosion, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The dendrite formation and shape change could be improved by mechanical recharging system. However, the corrosion and HER are critical issues for both electrical and mechanical rechargeable Zn-air batteries. In this study, we have tried to modify the Zn anodes by alloy or coating for suppressing corrosion, HER, and self-discharge of the Zn-air batteries.
MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF AN ELECTROPNEUMATIC BRAKE SYSTEM FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
P. KARTHIKEYAN,D. B. SONAWANE,S. C. SUBRAMANIAN 한국자동차공학회 2010 International journal of automotive technology Vol.11 No.4
A properly functioning brake system is critical for ensuring the safe operation of any vehicle on roadways. Commercial vehicles such as trucks, tractors-trailers and buses are equipped with an air brake system that uses compressed air as the energy transmitting medium. This paper presents a model-based control scheme for an electropneumatic brake system for use in commercial vehicles. A mathematical model for an electropneumatic brake system was developed and corroborated with experimental data. A control scheme was developed based on this model and was used to regulate the pressure of air inside the brake chamber according to a desired pressure trajectory. This control scheme was implemented on an experimental test bench, and its performance was studied for various values of the controller parameter. The control scheme was tested for various desired pressure trajectories reflecting actual brake operation.
Gurumoorthy, P.,Ravichandran, J.,Karthikeyan, N.,Palani, P.,Rahiman, A. Kalilur Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.7
The template synthesis of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes derived from 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol with diethylenetriamine or 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane produce the 12-membered $N_3O$ and 17-membered $N_4O$ macrocyclic complexes, respectively. The geometry of the complexes has been determined with the help of electronic and EPR spectroscopic values and found to be five coordinated square pyramidal and, six coordinated distorted tetragonal for 12-membered and 17-membered macrocyclic complexes, respectively. Electrochemical studies of the mononuclear $N_3O$ and $N_4O$ copper(II) complexes show one irreversible oneelectron reduction wave at $E_{pc}=-1.35$ and -1.15 V respectively, and the corresponding nickel(II) complexes show irreversible one-electron reduction wave at $E_{pc}=-1.25$ and -1.22 V, respectively. The nickel(II) complexes show irreversible one-electron oxidation wave at $E_{pa}=+0.84$ and +0.82 V, respectively. All the complexes were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against the human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Optimization of active area of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with better water management
M. Karthikeyan,M. Muthukumar,P. Karthikeyan,C. Mathan 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2019 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.20 No.5
Water flooding is one of the major issues which is influencing the performance of PEMFC, while scaling up the active area. Water accumulation in between the GDL and cathode flow field landing in PEMFC can be removed by fixing porous inserts along the landing area of the cathode flow field. In this paper, the optimum active area of the PEMFC is found from the experimental investigations of three active area sizes of 25 cm2, 36 cm2 and 70 cm2 with better water management by fixing porous inserts along the landing surface. All three active areas of PEMFCs with three different flow fields viz. Serpentine; Uniform and Stagger patterned pin types having porous inserts on cathode side have been investigated experimentally. The PEMFCs with active area of 25 cm2, 36 cm2 and 70 cm2 with stagger patterned pin types having porous inserts have obtained maximum power densities as 0.270 W/cm2, 0.338 W/cm2and 0.170 W/cm2 respectively. The PEMFC with active area of 36 cm2 yields higher power density compared to 25 cm2 and 70 cm2 PEMFCs. So it is found that the active area of 36 cm2 is the optimum active area of single cell PEMFC for maximum performance.
KARTHIKEYAN, K.,RAJA, D. SENTHIL,SUNDARARAJAN, P. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2022 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.40 No.1-2
We study the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of boundary value problems of nonlinear fractional order differential equations involving the Caputo fractional derivative by employing the Banach's contraction principle and the Schauder's fixed point theorem. In addition, an example is given to demonstrate the application of our main results.
Three dimensional electro catalytic oxidation of aniline by boron doped mesoporous activated carbon
S. Karthikeyan,K. Viswanathan,R. Boopathy,P. Maharaja,G. Sekaran 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1
In this report, boron doped mesoporous activated carbon (B-MAC) was synthesized by directhydrothermal route. The prepared B-MAC was characterized for HR-TEM, wide-angle XRD, SEM, XPS,FTIR and N2 sorption analyses. The results suggested that the B-MAC is mesoporous in structure andamorphous in nature, with surface area of 3.036 m2 g 1. The B-MAC was chosen as a catalyst for theelectrochemical oxidation of synthetic aniline solution. For the oxidations process, graphite rod waschosen as anode; SS 316 was chosen as cathode in the electrochemical catalytic oxidation process. Theelectro chemical oxidation of aqueous aniline solution was confirmed through UV–visible spectroscopy,Florescence emission spectrum and cyclic voltammetry analyses. The results revealed that, the removalefficiency of COD and aniline by B-MAC was found to be 76–80% and 80–85%, respectively, in electrocatalytic oxidation. MAC fluidized electro catalytic oxidation system removed COD by 40–45% andaniline by 50–62%, respectively. Thus, the B-MAC catalyst was found to be viable for the electrochemicaltreatment of aniline containing waste water.