Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Condensed Tannins through Leaf Meal Mixture on Intake, Nutrient Utilization and Performance of Haemonchus contortus Infected Sheep

Pathak, A.K.,Dutta, Narayan,Banerjee, P.S.,Pattanaik, A.K.,Sharma, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.10

The study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of leaf meal mixture (LMM) containing condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, nutrient utilization and performance of sheep infected with Haemonchus contortus. Eighteen adult sheep of similar age and body weight ($25.03{\pm}1.52$) were included in this study and out of these, 12 sheep were infected with single dose of infective third stage larvae of H. contortus at 2,000 larvae per sheep. The experimental sheep were allocated in three different groups' i.e. negative control (NC; no infection), control (C; H. contortus infected) and treatment (T; H. contortus infected+CT at 1.5% of the DM through LMM) and the experiment was conducted for a period of 90 d. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and digestibility of DM, OM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were comparable among three animal groups. However, digestibility of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in NC group as compared to both C and T groups. Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d or % of N intake) was significantly (p = 0.038) lower in C group as compared to T and NC groups. Daily intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) of digestible crude protein (DCP), digestible organic matter (DOM) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) did not differ significantly (p<0.05) in the three groups. Haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly (p<0.001) higher in treatment group as compared to control. The level of Hb and PCV reduced (p<0.001) after 30 days of experimental feeding. CT significantly (p<0.001) reduced serum urea in T group as compared to NC and C groups. Serum proteins differed significantly (p<0.01) among the three groups. The activity of serum enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and LDH were also statistically non significant (p<0.05) among treatments. The weight of abomasal lymph nodes (ALN) in T group was higher (p<0.05) than in C group. Treatment group had lower (p<0.05) total worms and fecal egg count compared to control group. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT through LMM significantly improved the N retention, and inhibited the different developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimental sheep.

Temperature dependent structure formation and photoluminescence studies of a series of magnesium-based coordination networks

Calderone, P.J.,Banerjee, D.,Plonka, A.M.,Kim, S.J.,Parise, J.B. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2013 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.394 No.-

A series of three magnesium trimesate coordination networks was synthesized from identical reaction mixtures by varying synthetic temperature. Mg(HBTC)(DMF)<SUB>2</SUB>.[(CH<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH] (1; BTC=trimesate; space group P6<SUB>3</SUB>/m, a=16.596(4)A, c=14.351(8)A) crystallizes at 65<SUP>o</SUP>C, Mg<SUB>3</SUB>(BTC)(HCOO)<SUB>3</SUB>(DMF)<SUB>3</SUB> (2; space group P@?3, a=13.928(2)A, c=8.025(6)A) crystallizes at 100<SUP>o</SUP>C, and Mg<SUB>3</SUB>(BTC)<SUB>2</SUB>(DMF)<SUB>4</SUB> (3; space group P2<SUB>1</SUB>/c, a=17.490(4)A, b=11.940(2)A, c=18.460(4)A, β=116.87(3)<SUP>o</SUP>) crystallizes at a temperature of 180<SUP>o</SUP>C. Each network contains metal-coordinated solvent DMF molecules, but thermodynamics and solvent hydrolysis play major roles in structure formation. Compounds 1 and 2 are two-dimensional networks which incorporate hydrolysis byproducts. Compound 3 is a three-dimensional network and shows no inclusion of byproducts. The series follows the trend of increased network connectivity resulting from increased temperature. Each of the networks show a weak photoluminescence response, suggesting that coordinated solvent molecules and interlayer species play a role in quenching photoluminescence.

Validity of the 20-m Multi Stage Shuttle Run Test for the Prediction of VO2max in Junior Taekwondo Players of India

( Pinaki Chatterjee ),( A. K. Banerjee ),( P. Majumdar ),( Pratima Chatterjee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.18 No.1

Indian scientists have not yet used the 20-m multi stage shuttle run test (20-m MST) and validity of the test has not been studied for use with any of the Indian population. The purpose of the study was to validate the applicability of the 20-m multi stage shuttle run test (20-m MST) in junior Taekwondo players of India. Thirty-three Junior Taekwondo players (age range 15 ~ 17 yr.) were recruited for the study. For validity of the results, repeatability was used. Direct measurement of VO2 max comprised treadmill exercise with continuous gas analysis by Oxycon Champion, whereas VO2 max was indirectly predicted by 20-m MST. The difference between the mean VO2 max (± SD) values of direct measurement (VO2 max = 44.82 ± 7.78 ml/kg/min) and the 20-m multi stage shuttle run test (SPVO2 max = 44.49 ± 7.59 ml/kg/min) was statistically significant (p<0.05), although limits of agreement analysis reveal that 20-m MST may be used confidently in place of direct measurement. To produce a better estimation of maximum oxygen uptake, a new equation has been developed based on present data.

Synthesis and Antidiabetic Evaluation of Benzothiazole Derivatives

Mariappan, G.,Prabhat, P.,Sutharson, L.,Banerjee, J.,Patangia, U.,Nath, S. Korean Chemical Society 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.2

A novel series of benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized and assayed in vivo to investigate their hypoglycemic activity by streptozotocin-induced diebetic model in rat. These derivatives showed considerable biological efficacy when compared to glibenclamide, a potent and well known antidiabetic agent as a reference drug. All the compounds were effective, amongst them 3d showed more prominent activity at 100 mg/kg p.o. The experimental results are statistically significant at p<0.01 and p<0.05 level.

Weak Ligaments and Sloping Joints: A New Hypothesis for Development of Congenital Atlantoaxial Dislocation and Basilar Invagination

Avnish K. Chauhan,P. Sarat Chandra,Nishant Goyal,Madhumita R. Chowdhury,Jyotirmoy Banerjee,Manjari Tripathi,Madhulika Kabra 대한척추신경외과학회 2020 Neurospine Vol.17 No.4

Objective: Developmental bony craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies seem to have a genetic basis and also abnormal joint morphology causing atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) and basilar invagination (BI). Methods: DNA extracted polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) performed for mutation screening of FBN1 gene (n=50 cases+ 50 age/sex-matched normal; total: 100). Samples with a deviated pattern of bands in SSCP were sequenced to detect the type of variation. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 100 patients (15–45 years old) compared with an equal number of age/sex-matched controls (21.9±8.2 years). Joint parameters studied: sagittal joint inclination (SI), craniocervical tilt (CCT), coronal joint inclination (CI). Results: Thirty-nine samples (78%) showed sequence variants. Exon 25, 26, 27, and 28 showed variable patterns of DNA bands in SSCP, which on sequencing gives various types of DNA sequence variations in intronic region of the FBN1 gene in 14%, 14%, 6%, and 44% respectively. CT radiology:SI and CCT correlated with both BI and AAD (p<0.01). The mean SI value in controls: 83.35°±8.65°, and in patients with BI and AAD:129°±24.05°. Mean CCT in controls: 60.2°±9.2°, and in patients with BI and AAD: 86.0°±18.1°. Mean CI in controls:110.3°±4.23°, and in cases: 125.15°±16.4°. Conclusion: The study showed mutations in FBN1 gene (reported in Marfan syndrome). There is also an alteration of joint morphology, correlating with AAD and BI severity. Hence, we propose a double-hit hypothesis: the presence of weak ligaments (due to FB1 gene alterations) and abnormal joint morphology may contribute to AAD and BI.

Changes in Physiological Profile of Indian Women Boxers During a Six Week Training Camp

( Pinaki Chatterjee ),( A. K. Banerjee ),( P. Majumdar ),( Pratima Chatterjee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2006 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.18 No.2

Women`s boxing is a newly recognized game. The purpose of the present study was to frame out the physiological profile of Indian women boxers. The present study is based on a sample of 45 female boxers attending a Senior National Women`s Boxing Camp, at sports Authority of India, Southern Center, Bangalore. Each subject was evaluated for selected physiological variables at the beginning and end of the 6 week training camp. Standard techniques and procedures were followed for all the evaluations. Data were subjected to statistical treatment such as mean and standard deviation. Test of significance t-test (for paired samples) was applied to assess the difference in pre- and post-test. Results reveal that mean (± Standard Deviation) Basal heart rate, VO2max, O2 debt and maximum ventilation of the boxers, as found in the pre-test were 70 ± 7 beats/min, 48.6 ± 6.8 ml/kg/min, 4.33 ± 0.73 liter, 93.8 ± 11.1liter/min respectively. Training camp had the positive effect of improving VO2max (P<0.01). No significant change was observed in O2 debt, and maximum heart rate. A norm of desired level for physiological status of the women boxers may be formulated after sufficient data of their international counterparts are available. However, further improvement of certain parameters is required to withstand the physiological demands of the game.

Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate and Blood Lactate Response during Sparring on Indian Women Boxers

( Pinaki Chatterjee ),( A. K. Banerjee ),( P. Majumdar ),( Pratima Chatterjee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2005 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.17 No.2

Women boxing is a newly recognized game and till date no work has been reported on physiological demand of the sport. Hence, the present study was carried out as a pioneer attempt to assess the physiological demand of the game. The study was conducted on 20 female boxers (aged 17 ~ 24 years) attending the Senior National Women Boxing Camp. Heart rate and oxygen consumption was measured first in the laboratory during a graded treadmill exercise with a continuous gas analysis by Oxycon Champion. During sparring heart rate was continuously recorded using heart rate monitor. To calculate the oxygen consumption, HR-VO2 regression equation was used. For estimating whole blood lactate capillary blood samples were drawn from a fingertip between 2 min (minute) and 3 min after the cessation of the activity. The samples were analyzed in a calibrated automatic lactate analyzer for estimating whole blood lactate. Data were subjected to statistical treatment like mean and standard deviation. One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to assess the difference in between the rounds. Results revealed that average heart-rate response and oxygen consumption considering the total duration of boxing sparring were 179 ± 8 beats/min and 2.53 ± 0.32 l/min (43.97 ± 6.93 ml/kg/min) respectively. Lactate level at the end of the final round reached at a value of 10.1 ± 2.1 mmol/l. In oxygen consumption and heart rate response there was significant difference (p<.05) in between round 1 and 2 and round 1 and 3, but no significant difference was observed in between round 2 and 3. It was concluded that Women boxing was highly intensive activity involving the contribution of anaerobic and aerobic sources of energy release, high demand of glycolytic anaerobic metabolism.

Changes in expression of monocarboxylate transporters, heat shock proteins and meat quality of Large White Yorkshire and Ghungroo pigs during hot summer period

Parkunan, Thulasiraman,Das, Arun K.,Banerjee, Dipak,Mohanty, Niharika,Paul, Avishek,Nanda, P.K.,Biswas, TK,Naskar, Syamal,Bag, Sadhan,Sarkar, Mihir,Mohan, Narayana H.,Das, Bikash Chandra Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.2

Objective: Present study explores the effect of hot summer period on the glycolytic rate of early post-mortem meat quality of Ghungroo and Large White Yorkshire (LWY) pig and comparative adaptability to high temperature between above breeds by shifting the expression of stress related genes like mono-carboxylate transporters (MCTs) and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Methods: Healthy pigs of two different breeds, viz., LYW and Ghungroo (20 from each) were maintained during hot summer period (May to June) with a mean temperature of about $38^{\circ}C$. The pigs were slaughtered and meat samples from the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles were analyzed for pH, glycogen and lactate content and mRNA expression. Following 24 h of chilling, LD muscle was also taken from the carcasses to evaluate protein solubility and different meat quality measurements. Results: LWY exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher plasma cortisol and lactate dehydrogenase concentration than Ghungroo indicating their higher sensitivity to high temperature. LD muscle from LWY pigs revealed lower initial and ultimate pH values and higher drip loss compared to Ghungroo, indicating a faster rate of pH fall. LD muscle of Ghungroo had significantly lower lactate content at 45 min postmortem indicating normal postmortem glycolysis and much slower glycolytic rate at early postmortem. LD muscle of LWY showed rapid postmortem glycolysis, higher drip loss and higher degrees of protein denaturation. Ghungroo exhibited slightly better water holding capacity, lower cooking loss and higher protein solubility. All HSPs (HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90) and MCTs (MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4) in the LD muscle of pigs inclined to increase more in Ghungroo than LWY when exposed to high temperature. Conclusion: Effect of high temperature on the variation of HSPs and MCTs may play a crucial role in thermal tolerance and adaptation to different climatic conditions, pH regulation, muscle acidification, drip loss, protein denaturation and also in postmortem meat quality development.

Recent developments in G<small>EANT</small>4

Allison, J.,Amako, K.,Apostolakis, J.,Arce, P.,Asai, M.,Aso, T.,Bagli, E.,Bagulya, A.,Banerjee, S.,Barrand, G.,Beck, B.R.,Bogdanov, A.G.,Brandt, D.,Brown, J.M.C.,Burkhardt, H.,Canal, Ph.,Cano-Ott, D. Elsevier 2016 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.835 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>G<SMALL>EANT</SMALL>4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Over the past several years, major changes have been made to the toolkit in order to accommodate the needs of these user communities, and to efficiently exploit the growth of computing power made available by advances in technology. The adaptation of G<SMALL>EANT</SMALL>4 to multithreading, advances in physics, detector modeling and visualization, extensions to the toolkit, including biasing and reverse Monte Carlo, and tools for physics and release validation are discussed here.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Multithreading resulted in a smaller memory footprint and nearly linear speed-up. </LI> <LI> Scoring options, faster geometry primitives, more versatile visualization were added. </LI> <LI> Improved electromagnetic and hadronic models and cross sections were developed. </LI> <LI> Reverse Monte Carlo and general biasing methods were added. </LI> <LI> Physics validation efforts were expanded and new validation tools were added. </LI> </UL> </P>

Fundamental Aspects of the Unbalance Condition for the Forces involved in Rail Gun Recoil

Banerjee, Arindam,Radcliffe, P.J. Journal of International Conference on Electrical 2014 Journal of international Conference on Electrical Vol.3 No.3

The forces involved in the firing of the electromagnetic rail gun may be analyzed from Amperian, Maxwellian and Einsteinian approaches. This paper discusses these different paradigms with regard to rail gun performance modeling relating to the generation and balance of the forces caused by the currents and their induced magnetic fields. Recent experimental work on model rail guns, where the armature is held static, shows very little recoil upon the rails, thereby indicating a possible violation of Newton's Third Law of Motion. Dynamic testing to show this violation, as suggested by the authors in an earlier paper, has inherent technical difficulties. A purpose-built finite element C/C++ simulator that models that suspended rail gun firing action shows a net force acting upon the entire rail gun system. A new effect in physics, universal in scope, is thus indicated: a current circulating in an asymmetric and rigid circuit causes a net force to act upon the circuit for the duration of the current. This conclusion following from computer simulation based upon Maxwellian electrodynamics as opposed to the more modern relativistic quantum electrodynamics needs to be supported by unambiguous experimental validation.