From Power to Biopower

Paul?Antoine Miquel 인천대학교 인문학연구소 2011 인문학연구 Vol.15 No.-

Unacceptable but Indispensable: Opium Law and Regulations in Guangdong, 1912-1936

Xavier Paulès 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.7

During most of the period from 1912 to 1936, Guangdong Province was independent from the central government. The local authorities there were facing a dilemma regarding opium, as others were elsewhere in China. On the one hand, opium was considered the symbol of China’s weakness, and its suppression was a top priority; on the other hand, opium taxes represented an indispensable source of fiscal income. Some Guangdong power holders were truly committed to a suppression agenda, especially from 1913 to 1924. During this period, with the exception of a brief interlude from 1915 to 1916, opium laws were prohibition laws. Even if these laws were not always enforced with full vigor, the drug remained illegal in Guangdong. After 1924, opium was legalized, and the authorities openly ruled an opium monopoly. They came out with increasingly comprehensive regulations, which proved successful in increasing opium revenues. Yet, as this article makes clear, there was nothing like direct government control: traditional tax-farming arrangements with local opium merchants (though under stricter supervision) remained the backbone of the monopoly. The article also pays attention to the influence of the Six-Year Plan (1935–1940) launched by the Nanking government. As a credible set of suppression laws, it appealed to the Guangdong progressive elites who were hostile to opium. They urged the local autocrat Chen Jitang to take similar action. Chen made attempts to launch his own plans for suppressing opium, but they were unconvincing and nothing concrete came out of them. This article suggests that, in order to obtain a better understanding of how easily Chen Jitang was driven out of power in the summer of 1936, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of the Six-Year Plan in undermining his legitimacy.

Issues in Hiriong People with Disabilities Expressed by Employers

Christina Kim,Heidi Paul 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

고용주의 장애인 고용에 대한 현안사항 탐색-미국 캘리포니아 지역을 중심으로 -Christina Kimm* Heidi Paul**이 연구는 장애인을 고용할 때 고용주가 갖는 기대와 문제점을 주목적으로 장애인의 고용률을 증가시킬 수 있는 요소가 무엇인지를 알아보고자 하는 연구이다 . 연구의 참가자는 미국 캘리포니아주 남부(남가주)에 사업체를 가지고 있는 2,000여 명의 고용주들에게 설문지를 보내어 약 665명으로부터 얻은 결과를 기록했다 . 참가자는 남가주 지역사회의 구성인원의 비율보다는 동양인과 히스패닉

타성상폐수의 주입이 하수처리효율에 미치는 영향

정팔진,곽동희,송탁식 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

This study was to investigate the effects of dumping nightsoil, septage, and leachate to the activated sludge process receiving a mixture of sewage and industrial wastewater on its treatment performance. For the mixture of sewage and industrial wastewater, the overall removal efficiencies of BOD, COD and SS were 87.6%, 74.5% and 94.0% respectively. When the nightsoil and septage were dumped into the plant, the scum and foaming problems occurred at each stage of treatment unit. Direct dumping of the septage also induced the DO deficiencies in the aeration tanks, which resulted in a deflocculation problem in the secondary clarifiers. It may be favorite to pretreat it at the nightsoil treatment plant. When the leachate was dumped into the plant, the effluent qualities were highly fluctuating probably due to the presence of the toxic and inhibitory substances in it. It might be necessary to pretreat the raw leachate at the landfill site prior to dumping it into the plant.

長城湖의 水質特性에 關한 硏究

정팔진,박귀님,곽동희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1995 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.1

To investigate the water quality of the Lake Jangseong, samples were collected 4 times during this study period at five stations each season. According to the inflowing stream loading, BOD loading was caused to land, human activity and fish farm sequentially. COD, T-N and T-P were contributed to fish farm, human activity and land sequentially. The Lake Jangseong had the characteristic of high algae growth rate according to long hydraulic retention time and low mean depth(9m of mean depth, 0.76year of hydraulic residence time). The amount of phosphorus accumulated was 5.2㎏/d. The excessive critical loading was 2.10tP/yr. The actual inflowing 8.36tP/yr, showing 4 times higher than the excessive critical loading. The water quality of the Lake Jangseong was transparency 1.4m, water temperature 13℃, pH 7.3, DO 6.9㎎/ℓ, COD 4.2㎎/ℓ, SS 5.1㎎/ℓ, T-N1.104㎎/ℓ, T-P 0.070㎎/ℓ, chlorophyll-a 17.5㎎/㎥. The water quality value was the highest in the fish farm(L2) by sites and high in winter, fall, summber, spring sequentially.

용담댐 유역 영양염의 연중, 계절적 변화 및 지역적 분포

정팔진,김민정,권지영 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

The water quality criteria of the Yongdam basin is polluted over second grade. Trophic state in the area indicate supper eutrophic state. This study was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of the nutrient, and to find the interrelationships among them, focusing upon the eutrophication in the Yongdam dam basin. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Nutrients was estimated as total nitrogen of 1.021∼1,034㎎/ℓ. 2. The trophic state was supper entrophic, and the state of DO level was supersaturation in spite of high organic loads from the each tributary. 3. The limiting factor of the reservoir is T-P, according to the criteria of eutrophication. 4. After Dam construction, T-P concentration of 26㎎/㎥ and Korea Trophic State Index of 50 were predicted.

칸트

쾨스터스 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 인문과학연구소 1997 인문학 연구 Vol.2 No.-

조류성장잠재력(AGP) 시험에 의한 섬진강의 조류생장 제한영양염의 추정

정팔진,김민정,김종신 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

Algal Growth Potential spike test of Sumjin River were carried out in order to identify algal growth limiting constituents. To investigate the water quality of Sumjin river, samples were collected 8 times during this study period at five station. BOD, T-N and T-P loading were sequentially caused by live stock, human activity, land and fish farm. The amount of BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated were respectively 12,165.1㎏/d, 2,416.9㎏/d and 1,119.8㎏/d. Particularly, 69 percent of total BOD loading, 66 percent of T-N and 92 percent of T-P loading resulted from live stock. Among the tested sites, W-1 point water greadly produced biomass up to 14㎎ dry weight of Selenastrum capricornutum/ℓ due to the fact that 0.1㎎ PO_4-P/ℓ addition of orther constituents are excessive. Therefore, Sumjin River were identified as extremely phosphorus-limited water for algal growth.

대청호 저질의 용출특성과 수질에 미치는 영향

정팔진,이성우,곽동희 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1997 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.12 No.1

Lake eutrophication that bring about by excessive amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen becomes the main problem in Daechung Lake. To control the eutrophication like water bloom, it is important to quantify the nutrients loading and estimate the mass balance in the lake. In this paper, it was carried out to evaluate the nutrients discharging and characteristics of release in Daechung lake and investigate the effect of sediments on water quality. Also, it is suggested that the method of water quality management is required to improve it. The results of study are summarized as following ; 1. It is estimated that about 54% of input TP is accumulated in Daechung lake 2. It is surveyed that the mean range of TP release rate is 4.2∼10.1㎎/㎡·d at sampling sites of the lake 3. In order to improve the water quality of Daechung lake, it is needed the wastewater treatment plant and the sediment dredging of the lake preferentially.

간헐 혐기·호기공법에 의한 축산폐수의 처리에 관한 연구

정팔진,김민정,현미희,정진필 全北大學校 附設 都市및環境硏究所 1996 都市 및 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.1

The livestock waste which contains a high concentration of nutrients was operated by the continuous operation and anaerobic·aerobic process in order to observe the features of biological N, P reaction. As the characteristics of the livestock waste and Aiksang Busic Liquid were studied, the basic data of an efficient development of Aiksang Busic Liquide were suggested through the problems in a real operation. During the handling of livestock waste, the eliminating tendency of organic substats in a reactor and anaerobic·aerobic process were steady as same as SCODcr and TOC. The efflent SCODcr 1,575㎎/ℓ decreased to 820㎎/ℓ in an aerobic reactor. In addition, 52.2% of the efflent was eliminated and this figure indicated that the biological matters having the potential decomposition were completely decomposed. While the livestock waste was being handled by anaerobic·aerobic process, "24hr track study" was performed to measure "release-uptake rate" caused by poly-P organisms. The result of this study was quite different form the studies done before. Total N and dissolved N were hot released and these concentration sharply decreased during the anaerobic period. On the other hand, these concentration increased during the aerobic period.