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Rapid Bodyweight Reduction before Lumbar Fusion Surgery Increased Postoperative Complications
Rudy Hayeem L.,Cho Woojin,Oster Brittany A.,Tarpada Sandip Parshottam,Moran-Atkin Erin 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.5
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To determine the effects of massive weight loss on perioperative complications after lumbar fusion surgery (LFS).Overview of Literature: Patients who are obese are more likely to experience low back pain, which would require LFS. Nonetheless, they have a higher risk of perioperative complication development compared with individuals who are not obese.Methods: Patients who underwent LFS at hospitals that participated in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database within the United States between 2005 and 2015. Outcomes included 30-day medical complications, surgical complications, and length of stay (LOS). We analyzed a total of 39,742 patients with the use of the International Classification of Disease, ninth revision codes. The patients were categorized in the following two groups: group 1, individuals with a history of massive weight loss within 6 months before LFS, and group 2, individuals without a history of massive weight loss before surgery. Massive weight loss was defined as loss of 10% of total body weight. Patients with a history of malignancy or chronic disease were excluded from the study. Patients in each group were randomly matched based on age, gender, sex, smoking status, and body mass index. Paired two-tailed Student t -tests were used to compare the outcomes.Results: Of the 39,742 patients identified, 129 (0.32%) met the criteria for inclusion in the weight loss group (WL group) and were successfully matched to individuals in the non-weight loss group (non-WL group). Compared with the non-WL group, the WL group had a significantly longer LOS (9.7 vs. 4.0 days, p <0.05), higher surgical site infections (SSIs) (8.0 vs. 3.0, p <0.05), increased number of blood transfusions (40.0 vs. 20.0, p <0.05), and greater deep vein thrombosis (DVTs) (5.0 and 0.00, p <0.05).Conclusions: On a nationwide scale, rapid weight loss before LFS is associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications, including SSI and DVTs, longer average LOS, and more frequent blood transfusions.
A Time to Fast, a Time to Feast: The Crosstalk between Metabolism and the Circadian Clock
Judit Kovac,Jana Husse,Henrik Oster 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.2
The cyclic environmental conditions brought about by the 24 h rotation of the earth have allowed the evolution of endogenous circadian clocks that control the temporal alignment of behaviour and physiology, including the uptake and processing of nutrients. Both metabolic and circadian regulatory systems are built upon a complex feedback network connecting centres of the central nervous system and different peripheral tissues. Emerging evidence suggests that circadian clock function is closely linked to metabolic homeostasis and that rhythm disruption can contribute to the development of metabolic disease. At the same time, metabolic processes feed back into the circadian clock, affecting clock gene expression and timing of behaviour. In this review, we summarize the experimental evidence for this bimodal interaction, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms mediating this exchange, and outline the implications for clock-based and metabolic diseases.
Schultz, Bruce T.,Teigler, Jeffrey E.,Pissani, F.,Oster, Alexander F.,Kranias, G.,Alter, G.,Marovich, M.,Eller, Michael A.,Dittmer, U.,Robb, Merlin L.,Kim, Jerome H.,Michael, Nelson L.,Bolton, D.,Stre Cell Press 2016 Immunity Vol.44 No.1
<P>A central effort in HIV vaccine development is to generate protective broadly neutralizing antibodies, a process dependent on T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. The feasibility of using peripheral blood counterparts of lymph node Tfh cells to assess the immune response and the influence of viral and vaccine antigens on their helper functions remain obscure. We assessed circulating HIV-specific IL-21(+) CD4(+) T cells and showed transcriptional and phenotypic similarities to lymphoid Tfh cells, and hence representing peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cells. pTfh cells were functionally active and B cell helper quality differed depending on antigen specificity. Furthermore, we found higher frequency of pTfh cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens from the ALVAC+AIDSVAX (RV144) HIV vaccine trial associated with protective antibody responses compared to the non-protective DNA+Ad5 vaccine trial. Together, we identify IL-21(+) CD4(+) T cells as pTfh cells, implicating them as key populations in the generation of vaccine-evoked antibody responses.</P>
Kim, D.S.,Kim, M.J.,Cha, S.H.,Kim, H.M.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, K.N.,Lee, J.S.,Choi, J.Y.,Castells, V.B.,Kim, H.S.,Bang, J.,Oster, P. Decker 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.45 No.-
<P>Objectives: To assess the safety and immunogenicity of a meningococcal polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-D) in a Korean population. Methods: This was a phase III, blind-observer, controlled study in which participants aged 11-55 years were randomized (2: 1 ratio) to a single dose of MenACYW-D or tetanus/diphtheria/acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine. Outcomes included rates of seroconversion against all serogroups (>= 4-fold increase in antibody titer from pre-vaccination), geometric mean titers (GMTs) at days 0 and 28 based on a serum bactericidal assay using baby rabbit complement, rates of seroprotection (titer >= 1: 128) at day 28, and safety. Results: A total of 300 participants were enrolled in the study (200 MenACYW-D and 100 Tdap). Seroconversion rates for serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 were 77.8%, 88.3%, 74.6%, and 92.4%, respectively, for the MenACYW-D group and 9.3%, 8.1%, 12.2%, and 8.2%, respectively, for the Tdap group. The proportions of participants with pre-vaccination titers >= 1: 128 were 57.3%, 12.6%, 51.5%, and 22.2% for serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135, respectively; post-vaccination rates were 98.5%, 89.4%, 96.0%, and 95.0% for the MenACYW-D group. A lower proportion of participants reported solicited reactions with MenACYW-D (46.2%) compared with Tdap (76.8%). Conclusion: A single dose of MenACYW-D was well tolerated and elicited a robust immune response in Korean adolescents and adults. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).</P>
Final report on CCQM-K125: elements in infant formula
Merrick, J,Saxby, D,Dutra, E S,Sena, R C,Araú,jo, T O,Almeida, M D,Yang, L,Pihillagawa, I G,Mester, Z,Sandoval, S,Wei, C,Castillo, M E D,Oster, C,Fisicaro, P,Rienitz, O,Pape, C,Schulz, U,Jä BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.1