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Polystyrene Nanosphere Lithography Improved by the Insertion of a Sacrificial Polyimide Film
( Nu Ri Oh ),( Tae Jin Song ),( Sung Keun Lim ),( Chong Seung Yoon ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2005 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.1 No.2
A 2-dimensional hexagonal array of uniformly sized nano-holes, whose average size can be potentially changed from 50 nm to 240 nm, was fabricated using the etched nanosphere lithography (NSL) method. The conventional NSL method utilizing polystyrene beads (PS) coated on a Si substrate often suffers from a loss of uniformity during the etching of the PS beads. It was demonstrated that the uniformity of the hole size and position can be greatly improved by inserting a polyimide (PI) film between the Si substrate and the PS beads. A sufficiently thick (~40 run) PI film can act as a sacrificial layer, minimizing the rebound of the plasma during the reactive ion etching of the PS beads. Hence, the etching of the PS beads stabilized by the PI film can be used to determine the final desired size of the hole. The periodicity of the pattern can also be selected by changing the initial PS bead diameter.
( Nu-ri Jun ),( Sun-kyung Lee ),( Sang-im Lee ) 한국치위생과학회 2021 치위생과학회지 Vol.21 No.4
Background: Endodontic sealers or their toxic components may become inflamed and lead to delayed wound healing when in direct contact with periapical tissues over an extended period. Moreover, an overfilled sealer can directly interact with adjacent tissues and may cause immediate necrosis or further resorption. Therefore, the treatment outcome conceivably depends on the endodontic sealer’s biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and osteogenic effects of four different sealers in osteoblastic cells. Methods: AH Plus (resin-based sealer), Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (zinc oxide-eugenol sealer), BioRoot RCS (calcium silicate-based sealer), and Well-Root ST (MTA-based calcium silicate sealer) were mixed strictly according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and dilutions of sealer extracts (1/2, 1/5 and 1/10) were determined. Cell viability was measured using the water-soluble tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) assay. Differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation by Alizarin Red S staining. Results: The cell viability of the extracts derived from the sealers excluding Well-Root ST was concentration dependent, with sealer extracts having the least viability at a 1/2 dilution. At sealer extract dilution of 1/10, the test groups showed the same survival rate as that control group, with the exception of BioRoot RCS. Among all experimental groups, BioRoot RCS showed the highest cell viability after 48 hours. The ALP activity was significantly higher in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthemore, all four materials promoted ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation compared to the control at 1/10 dilutions. Conclusion: This is the first study to highlight the differences in biological activity of these four materials. These results suggest that the composition of root canal sealers appears to alter the form of biocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation.
( Nu Ri Choi ),( Dong Won Seo ),( Slim Ben Jemaa ),( Hasina Sultana ),( Kang Nyeong Heo ),( Cheorun Jo ),( Jun Heon Lee ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.5
Background: Korean native chicken (KNC) is a well-known breed due to its superior meat taste. This breed, however, owing to a low growth rate, has a high market price. In order to overcome this disadvantage, the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in Korea developed a commercial KNC breed, named Woorimatdag version 2 (WM2), an upgraded version of the Woorimatdag (WM1) breed and the WM2 was created by crossing the KNC with meat type breeds. This study aims to discriminate between WM2 and other chicken breeds using microsatellite (MS) markers. Methods: A total of 302 individuals from eight Korean chicken populations were examined. The genetic diversity and population structure analysis were investigated using Cervus, API-CALC, STRUCTURE, PowerMarker programs. Results: Based on heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values, 30 MS markers were initially selected from 150 markers. The identified average number of alleles (Na), expected heterozygosity, and PIC values for the WM2 samples were 7.17, 0.741, and 0.682, respectively. Additionally, the paternity of individuals was assigned with a success rate of greater than 99% using 12 markers, the best minimum number of markers. The 12 selected markers contained heterozygosity and PIC values above 0.7 and probability of identity values around zero. Using these markers, the determined probability of identity (PI), PIhalf-sibs, and PIsibs values were 3.23E-33, 5.03E-22, and 8.61E-08, respectively. Conclusions: WM2 is well differentiated with respect to other chicken breeds based on estimated genetic distances. The results presented here will contribute to the identification of commercial WM2 chicken in the market.
Photodissociation of Nitrous Oxide by Slice Ion Imaging: The Stagnation Pressure Dependence
Nu Ri Cheong,Hye Sun Park,남상환,신승근,조수경,이해황,송재규,박승민 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11
Photodissociation of nitrous oxide near 203 nm has been studied by a combination of high resolution slice ion imaging technique and (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy of N2(X1Σg +) via the (a″1Σg +) state. We have measured the recoil velocity and angular distributions of N2 fragments by ion images of the state-resolved photofragments. The N2 fragments were highly rotationally excited and the NN-O bond dissociation energy was determined to be 3.635 eV. Also, we investigated the photofragment images from the photodissociation of N2O clusters with various stagnation pressures.
Nu Ri Oh,Ae Rang Hwang,Ja In Jeong,Sung Hyun Park,Jin Seok Yang,Yong-Ho Lee 대한의생명과학회 2012 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.18 No.1
This study was to investigate the effects of high-fat diet feeding for a very long period of time on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse adipose tissue and to determine whether caloric restriction (CR) or insulin sensitizer treatment changes the cytokine gene expressions even in obese mice fed a high-fat diet for a very long term-period. Gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were examined by real-time PCR in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SubQ) from obese and non-obese male C57BL/6 mice at 16, 26, 36, 47, and 77 weeks of age on either normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) after starting at 6 weeks of age. In addition, gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 were determined in SubQ before and after rosiglitazone treatment or CR on 47-week-old obese mice. The results demonstrated that gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly increased with aging in SubQ of mice in both groups of diet. MCP-1 gene expression of SubQ in all ages tested was significantly or marginally increased in mice on HFD compared with ND. While TNF-α expression was significantly reduced by rosiglitazone, IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly decreased by CR. The basic data in this study will be useful for characterizing the C57BL/6 mouse as an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat diet feeding for a very long period of time, and a better understanding of inflammatory cytokine regulation in diet induced obesity which may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent the complications of obesity.