Effect of Thawing Methods and Storage Time on Physicochemical Characteristic and Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Content of Frozen Duck Meat

Kang-Nyeong Heo,Euichul Hong,Bo-Seok Kang,Byoungho Park,Jae-Beom Cha,Hyo-Jun Choo,Il Kwon,Ji-Hyuk Kim 한국가금학회 2019 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.46 No.4

This study investigated the effects of thawing methods and storage time on the quality of frozen duck meat. Meat was obtained from eight-week-old Korean native ducks (average weight=2.8 kg). Seventy-two samples were divided into eight treatments (three replicates/treatment, three samples/replicate) with 2 × 4 factorial arrangement based on two thawing methods (under running water at 12℃ for 3 h and in a refrigerator at 5℃ for 24 h) and four storage times (1, 3, 6, and 12 months). CIE b* was significantly different among different storage time treatments, reaching its lowest after 6 months (P<0.05). Cooking loss did not differ between storage times; however, it was significantly lower following application of the fast thawing treatment (P<0.05). Water-holding capacity of meat stored for one month was highest compared to that of meat stored for a longer period (P<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences based on storage time in γ-linoleic acid (C18:3n6) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) contents (P<0.01), as well as in protein contents (P<0.05). Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) typically decreased after three months of storage; however, this decline was not significant compared to other storage times. Essential amino acids contents, except methionine, were significantly difference at six and 12 months of storage (P<0.05). Similarly, non-essential amino acid contents, except tyrosine, were significantly different among storage periods (P<0.05, P<0.01). Alternatively, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition, fatty acid content, or amino acid content based on the thawing method.

유전 및 육종 : 한우 L4번 염색체 QTL 영역내 Fatty acid binding protein 5 유전자의 다형성과 도체 및 육질 형질과의 관련성 분석

허강녕 ( Kang Nyeong Heo ),김남국 ( Nam Kuk Kim ),이승환 ( Seung Hwan Lee ),김남영 ( Nam Young Kim ),전진태 ( Jin Tae Jeon ),박응우 ( Eung Woo Park ),오성종 ( Sung Jong Oh ),김태헌 ( Tae Hun Kim ),성환후 ( Hwan Hoo Seong ),윤두학 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.4

본 연구는 한우에서 소 염색체 14번(BTA14)에서 근내지방도 및 도체중과 관련성이 보고된 QTL영역(48-58cM) 내의 FABP5 유전자를 대상으로 SNP를 발굴하고 도체형질과의 관련성 분석을 위하여 수행하였다. PCR 및 염기서열결정법을 통해 FABP5 유전자내 4개의 SNP(-1141A>G, 949A>G, 969A>G, 1085C>G)를 발굴하였고, 이중 promoter 영역에 위치하는 SNP의 경우 미 보고된 신규 SNP로 확인되었다. 발굴된 4개의 SNP를 대상으로 표현형 기록치를 보유한 후대검정후 583두에 대하여 유전자형 분석 및 관련성 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 4개의 SNP중 SNP1 (-1141A>G)은 근내지방도에 있어서 G유전자형이 A유전자형에 비해서 근내지방도가 2.2 정도 높았고, SNP2(949A>G)는 배최장근 단면적에 있어서 G유전자형이 A유전자형보다 배장근단면적에 있어서 3cm2 만큼 높은 효과를 보였다. 본 결과에 대해 추후 지속적인 연구가 요구되어지며, FABP5의 SNPs은 한우의 도체 및 육질 관련 형질을 위한 유전자 마커로서 활용 가능할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다 The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between economic traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and genetic variation in fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) gene within QTL region of carcass weight and marbling score traits on BTA 14. We sequenced for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with 24 unrelated Hanwoo samples and identified four SNPs (-1141A>G, 949A>G, 969A>G and 1085C>G). Relationship between the genotypes of 583 Hanwoo individuals by PCR-RFLP and economic traits were analyzed by the mixed regression model implemented in the ASReml program. As the result of statistical analysis, SNP1 (-1141A>G) showed significant effect (p<0.003) on marbling score (MS) and SNP2 (949A>G) showed significant effect (p<0.034) on eye muscle area (EMA). Further studies are required to validate the significant SNPs in a bigger population, but the SNPs (-1141A>G and 949A>G) of FABP5 could be a genetic marker to estimate molecular breeding value (MEBV) for carcass traits in Hanwoo.

토종오리 대형종의 주령별 생산지수, 도체 수율, 부분육 비율 및 육질 평가

허강녕(Kang-Nyeong Heo),김학규(Hak-Kyu Kim),김종대(Chong-Dae Kim),김상호(Sang-Ho Kim),이명지(Myeong-Ji Lee),추효준(Hyo-Jun Choo),손보람(Bo-Ram Son),최희철(Hee-Cheol Choi),이상배(Sang-Bae Lee),홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong) 한국가금학회 2013 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.40 No.2

백색 토종오리의 성장능력 검정과 균일도 연구

허강녕(Kang-Nyeong Heo),추효준(Hyo-Jun Choo),강보석(Bo-Seok Kang),김상호(Sang-Ho Kim),김종대(Chong-Dae Kim),차재범(Jae-Beom Cha),홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong) 한국가금학회 2016 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

본 연구는 다른 지역에서 수집된 백색 토종오리의 생산성과 균일도를 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시동물은 토종오리 종란에서 발생된 병아리 중 백색을 가진 개체를 선별하여 이용하였다. 시험설계는 오리들을 지역에 따른 두 그룹(J, H)으로 나누고, 암수를 분리하여 2×2의 복합요인으로 4처리구, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 15수씩 총 240수를 완전임의 배치하여 생산성과 균일도를 조사하였다. 주령별 체중은 1주령을 제외하고 H군의 체중이 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 암수 간 체중은 6주령부터 수컷의 체중이 암컷에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 균일도는 J군이 1주령에 높게 나타났으며, 암수 비교에서는 6주령에 암컷의 균일도가 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 증체량은 H군이 J군에 비해 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 6∼7주령에는 수컷의 증체량이 암컷에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). H군의 사료섭취량은 J군에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 그러나 암수 간 비교에서는 사료섭취량의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사료요구율의 경우, 4∼5주령, 7∼8주령 그리고 0∼8주령에 J군이 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 1∼2주령, 5∼6주령, 6∼7주령 및 0∼8주령에 수컷의 사료요구율이 암컷보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 백색 토종오리의 성적은 J군에 비해 H군이 우수한 경향이었다. 백색토종오리의 실용화를 위해서는 균일도와 생산성뿐만 아니라, 육질이나 유전적 특성에 대하여 추가적인 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다. This study was carried out to evaluate performance and uniformity of White Korean native ducks collected from two areas in Korea. White ducklings were selected from all ducklings that were hatched from hatchery eggs of Korean native ducks. A total of two hundred forty white ducklings (1-d-old) were used in this work and were divided into 4 groups (4 replicates/group, 15 birds/replicate) with 2×2 factors (2 groups, J, H; genders, male and female). Weekly body weight of H groups was higher than that of J groups (P<0.05). Also, weekly body weight of male ducks was higher compared to that of female at 6∼8 wk old (P<0.05). Uniformity of J groups was higher than that of H groups at the age of 1 wks old (P<0.05), and that of female duck was higher than that of male at the age of 6 wks old (P<0.05). Body weight gain of H group was higher than that of J group (P<0.05), and that of male duck was higher compared to that of female at 6∼7 wks old (P<0.05). Feed intake of H group was higher compared to that of J group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between male and female on feed intake. On feed conversion ratio, J group was higher than H group at 4∼5 wks, 7∼8 wks and 0∼8 wks old (P<0.05), and feed conversion ratio of male duck was higher than that of female at 1∼2 wks, 5∼6 wks and 6∼7 wks old. Finally, these results was tended to show that performance of H groups was higher than that of J groups. Further researches need to carry out to commercial White Korean native ducks on performance and uniformity as well as meat quality and genetic characteristic.

냉동과 해동 방법이 오리고기의 특성에 미치는 영향

허강녕(Kang-Nyeong Heo),김지혁(Ji-Hyuk Kim),김상호(Sang-Ho Kim),강보석(Bo-Seok Kang),김종대(Chong-Dae Kim),차재범(Jae-Beom Cha),홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong) 한국가금학회 2016 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.43 No.4

본 연구는 냉동과 해동 방법에 따른 토종오리고기의 육질특성을 비교하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 시험에 사용된 공시재료는 8주령 토종오리(평균체중 2.8 kg)를 도압(屠鴨)하여 채취한 가슴육을 이용하였다. 본 시험의 처리구는 냉동 전 신선육을 대조구(CON)로 하고, 시험구는 냉동 2처리(급냉(FF), 완냉(SF)와 해동 2처리(급해동(FT), 완해동(ST))의 2×2 복합요인으로 4처리구로 하여 총 5처리구(CON, FFFT, FFST, SFFT, SFST), 처리구당 3반복, 반복당 3점씩 총 45점을 이용하였다. 급냉(시료를 —50℃ deep freezer에서 보관)과 완냉(시료를 —20℃ 냉동고에 보관)의 두 가지 방법으로 냉동된 시료를 1개월 저장 후, 급해동(12℃ 5시간의 유수해동)과 완해동(5℃ 24시간 냉장고 해동)의 두 가지 방법으로 해동하여 분석에 이용하였다. 육색 중 명도는 급냉시킨 경우와 급해동시킨 경우에 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다(P<0.05). 황색도는 완해동시킨 경우에는 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 물리적 성상 중 가열감량과 보수력은 대조구가 냉동과 해동 처리구에 비해 낮게 나타난 반면에(P<0.01, P<0.05), 전단력은 냉동과 행동 처리구에 비해 대조구에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 화학적 성상 중 수분의 함량은 완해동한 경우에 급해동에 비해 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 단백질 함량은 급해동한 경우 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Myristic acid(C14:0)와 linolenic acid(C18:3n3) 함량은 대조구에서 냉동과 해동 처리구에 비해 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). Stearic acid(C18:0) 함량은 완냉동시킨 경우에 급냉동의 경우보다 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 해동의 경우에는 처리구간 유의차를 보이지 않았다. Arachidonic acid(C20:4n6)은 완냉동과 완해동의 경우에 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01, P<0.05). 필수아미노산 중 대조구의 threonine, glycine, iso-leucine, leucine, tryptophan 함량은 냉동과 해동 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다(P<0.05). Methonine과 valine 함량은 해동에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 냉동 처리시대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 비필수아미노산 중 alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine 함량은 대조구에서 냉동과 해동처리구보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(P<0.01, P<0.05). 결론적으로, 토종오리고기의 냉동 및 해동은 수분과 관련된 육색, 전단력, 가열감량, 보수력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다. This work was carried out to investigate effects of the freezing/thawing method on duck meat kept in a freezer for a month. The meats used were breast muscle collected from Korean native ducks (KND) that were fed for 8 weeks (2.8kg of live weight). Forty-five samples were used after being frozen in storage for one month and were then divided into 5 treatments (3 replications/treatment, 3 samples/replication). Five treatments (CON, FFFT, FFST, SFFT and SFST) were control groups (CON) and four were experimental groups, using 2×2 complex factors with two freezing methods (fast freezing, FF, —50℃ in a deep freezer; slow freezing, SF, —20℃ in a common freezer) and two thawing methods (fast thawing, FT, 5 h 12℃ with flow water; slow thawing, ST, 24 h 5℃ in a refrigerator). Lightness of KND meat in FF and FT groups was lower than that of control (P<0.05). Yellowness of KND meat of the ST group was higher than that of control (P<0.05). Cooking loss (CL) and water holding capacity (WHC) of KND meat in the control were lower than those of the freezing and thawing groups (P<0.01, P<0.05), but shear force (SF) of the control was higher than that of other groups (P<0.01). Moisture content of the ST group was higher than that of the FT group (P<0.05), and protein content of the FF group was higher than that of control (P<0.05). Stearic acid (C18:0) of the SF group was higher than that of the FF group (P<0.05). Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) of control was higher than that of the SF and ST groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). Alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, and tyrosine content of the control were lower than that of the freezing and thawing groups (P<0.05). These results show that freezing and thawing methods affect meat color, shear force, cooking loss, and WHC-related water content.

토종 실용오리 생산을 위한 교배조합 설정 및 성장능력 비교

허강녕(Kang-Nyeong Heo),김지혁(Ji-Hyuk Kim),김상호(Sang-Ho Kim),강보석(Bo-Seok Kang),김종대(Chong-Dae Kim),방한태(Han-Tae Bang),차재범(Jae-Beom Cha),김학규(Hak-Kyu Kim),추효준(Hyo-Jun Choo),홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong) 한국가금학회 2015 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

토종닭과 실용계에서 TYR 및 MC1R 유전자의 변이 분석

허강녕(Kang Nyeong Heo),추효준(Hyo Jun Choo),서보영(Bo Young Seo),박미나(Mi Na Park),정기철(Kie Chul Jung),황보종(Jong Hwangbo),김학규(Hak Kyu Kim),홍의철(Eui Chul Hong),서옥석(Ok Suk Seo),강보석(Bo Seok Kang) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2011 농업과학연구 Vol.38 No.3

The commercial Korean native chickens (WR_CC) was developed by crossing a few native chicken breeds in Korea. In order to investigate the breed identification markers, SNPs from TYR gene and MC1R gene, which are associated with skin and feather colors respectively, were initially identified. In case of 3 identified SNPs in the TYR gene, yellow shank color was identified in Loss, Harvard, AA, RIR and CC, which have the fixed SNPs in most of the animals. On the other hand, SNP variations were observed in KNC_RB, C_B, WR_CC and HH_CC, which have the black, yellow and mixed color with black and yellow shank colors. Also, the investigation of 3 SNPs in the MC1R gene indicated that there were associations between shank and feather colors in RIR, SF, KNC_B, C_B and RIR. However, these results are not consistent among breeds. These SNP type inconsistencies within breeds suggested that the selection was performed based on the phenotypes, which is not include the genotype information. Thus, selection based on genetic information is required in the future.

Development of a Novel Korean H9-Specific rRT-PCR Assay and Its Application for Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance in Korea

Sagong Mingeun,Kang Yong-Myung,Kim Na Yeong,Noh Eun Bi,Heo Gyeong-Beom,An Se-Hee,Lee Youn-Jeong,Choi Young Ki,Lee Kwang-Nyeong 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.10

Since the 2000s, the Y439 lineage of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been the predominant strain circulating in poultry in Korea; however, in 2020, the Y280 lineage emerged and spread rapidly nationwide, causing large economic losses. To prevent further spread and circulation of such viruses, rapid detection and diagnosis through active surveillance programs are crucial. Here, we developed a novel H9 rRT-PCR assay that can detect a broad range of H9Nx viruses in situations in which multiple lineages of H9 AIVs are co-circulating. We then evaluated its efficacy using a large number of clinical samples. The assay, named the Uni Kor-H9 assay, showed high sensitivity for Y280 lineage viruses, as well as for the Y439 lineage originating in Korean poultry and wild birds. In addition, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with other subtypes of AIV or other avian pathogens. Furthermore, the Uni Kor-H9 assay was more sensitive, and had higher detection rates, than reference H9 rRT-PCR methods when tested against a panel of domestically isolated H9 AIVs. In conclusion, the novel Uni Kor-H9 assay enables more rapid and efficient diagnosis than the “traditional” method of virus isolation followed by subtyping RT-PCR. Application of the new H9 rRT-PCR assay to AI active surveillance programs will help to control and manage Korean H9 AIVs more efficiently.

토종 실용계 생산용 2원 교배종 종계의 산란 능력 검정

강보석(Bo-Seok Kang),추효준(Hyo-Jun Choo),김학규(Hak-Kyu Kim),김종대(Chong-Dae Kim),허강녕(Kang-Nyeong Heo),황보종(Jong Hwangbo),서옥석(Ok-Suk Suh),최희철(Hee-Cheol Choi),홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong) 韓國家禽學會 2012 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.39 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the performance of laying period of two-way crossbred of Korean native chickens. A total of four hundred eighty female 2-crossbred chicks that restored strains and were aboriginal at National Institute of Animal Science. Treatments were four crossbreds (4 replications/crossbred, 30 birds/replication) as A) C strain × S strain, B) C strain × H strain, C) R strain × S strain, and D) L strain × H strain, respectively. There were no significant difference on age, egg weight, and body weight at first egg among crossbreds (P>0.05). Body weight of D crossbred was lower compared to other crossbreds at the age of 24, 32, 40 and 60 week (P<0.05). Feed intake of A crossbred was highest among crossbreds (P<0.05). Weekly egg weight of A crossbred was the highest among crossbreds all laying period except 48~52 and 60~64 weeks. Hen-house egg production of A and B crossbreds was higher than that of C and D crossbreds (P<0.05). Hen-day egg production decreased after at the age of 36 weeks. Weekly egg production of A and B crossbreds was higher compared to C and D crossbreds (P<0.05). These results suggested the basic data on the record of laying period of 2- crossbreed Korean Native Chickens.

Nonruminant Nutrition : Power of Variance Component Linkage Analysis to Identify Quantitative Trait Locus in Chickens

( Hee Bok Park ),( Kang Nyeong Heo ),( Bo Seok Kang ),( Cheorun Jo ),( Jun Heon Lee ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2013 한국축산학회지 Vol.55 No.2

A crucial first step in the planning of any scientific experiment is to evaluate an appropriate sample size to permit sufficient statistical power to detect the desired effect. In this study, we investigated the optimal sample size of quantitative trait locus (QTL) linkage analysis for simple random sibship samples in pedigreed chicken populations, under the variance component framework implemented in the genetic power calculator program. Using the program, we could compute the statistical power required to achieve given sample sizes in variance component linkage analysis in random sibship data. For simplicity, an additive model was taken into account. Power calculations were performed to relate sample size to heritability attributable to a QTL. Under the various assumptions, comparative power curves indicated that the power to detect QTL with the variance component method is highly affected by a function of the effect size of QTL. Hence, more power can be achievable for QTL with a larger effect. In addition, a marked improvement in power could be obtained by increasing the sibship size. Thus, the use of chickens is advantageous regarding the sampling unit issue, since desirable sibship size can be easily obtained compared with other domestic species.