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Microbial reduction field model for the table egg with chlorine dioxide gas
Dong-Hoon Myeong,Han-Sung Chung,Kyoung-Ju Song,Seoung-Jun Kim,Kwang-Hoon Choi,Nong-Hoon Choe 한국예방수의학회 2020 예방수의학회지 Vol.44 No.1
Recently, improvement of eggshell hygiene has emerged as an important issue in food industry. Various studies have continued to examine methods for controlling egg-borne pathogen, and among such methods, for table eggs, washing (with UV irradiation) is the most commonly used method. However, this method was not sufficient to control egg microbial contamination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to verify whether it is appropriate to use ClO₂ gas, which has been proven safe in this experiment model, as an alternative to the conventional washing (with UV irradiation) method. As a result, we have identified a range of optimal effectiveness in response to exposure concentrations and time of ClO₂ gas. Through experimental models that reflect differences in farm size, a microbial reduction effect of approximately >2 log CFU/eggshell was achieved at 40ppm/8h for small farms, and 160ppm/30min for large farms, indicating greater effectiveness than the conventional method. However, in large-scale experiment, when bulk eggs were stacked and exposed to ClO₂ gas, eggs in the depths showed a lower effect by approximately 0.8~1.5 log CFU/eggshell, as compared to the eggs in the upper section. For further study, if technical improvements are achieved in the future studies allowing the gas to better penetrate the depths of stacked eggs, it will be a model that can be more useful to the field.
조제 분유에서 검출될 수 있는 미생물학적 위해요소 감소 방안
이수진 ( Soo JinLee ),백현 ( Hyun Baek ),김영조 ( Young Cho Kim ),최농훈 ( Nong Hoon Choe ) 한국수의공중보건학회 2010 예방수의학회지 Vol.34 No.3
In recent years, the national surveillance network reported the isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii and coliform from powdered infant formula (PIF). PIF means a breast-milk substitute specially manufactured to satisfy the nutritional requirements of infants during the first month. PIF is not sterile infant food and may be intrinsically contaminated with pathogens, such as E. sakazakii and Salmonella enterica that can cause serious illness in infants. Intrinsic contamination of PIF with E. sakazakii and S. enterica has been a cause of infection and illness in infants. E. sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogens and more commonly found than S. enterica in manufacturing environment. Even low levels of contamination of E. sakazakii and S. enterica in PIF were considered to be a risk factor. Enterobacteriaceae showed the high prevalence and some Enterobacteriaceae causing disease were detected. The infant food industry should be encouraged to reduce the concentration and prevalence of E. sakazakii in both the manufacturing environment and PIF. The presence of these microorganisms in PIF may occur as a results of contamination through ingredients during PIF manufacturing process and from the processing environment during packaging. In order to ensure that ingredients and packaging materials are microbiologically suitable, PIF manufacturer need to be selection of supplier according to stringent criteria (e.g. HACCP, good hygienic practices) and testing of ingredients especially colostrum. In conclusion, it is continually necessary to monitor the potential pathogens and reduce them to improve the microbial quality of non-sterilized PIF.
임영,최명옥,이권행,김경아,김길수,이명헌,리천주,이수진,최농훈,Lim Young,Choe Myung-Ok,Lee Kweon-Haeng,Kim Kyung-A,Kim Kil-Soo,Lee Myoung-Heon,Li Tian-Zhu,Lee Soo-Jin,Choe Nong-Hoon 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.2
본 연구에서는 DEP의 노출이 새로운 호흡기계 질환 유발의 가능성과 호흡기계의 염증성인자로 잘 알려진 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)의 역할에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 확인하고자 폐에서 염증성 반응 시 생성이 증가하는 것으로 알려진 Nitric Oxide (NO)의 형성과 NO의 생성에 관련된 효소인 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 및 NO에 의하여 형성되는 것으로 알려진 nitrotyrosilated-protein을 폐포 대식세포를 통해 분석하였다. 폐포대식세포에 DEP를 농도 별로 단독 처리하였을 때와 동일한 농도에서 배양시간을 달리하였을 때는 NO가 생성되지 않았으나 DEP와 함께 LPS를 처리하였을 때는 LPS를 단독으로 처리했을 때보다. 유의성이 있게 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 NO의 생성에 관련된 효소인 iNOS 및 NO에 의하여 형성되는 것으로 알려진 nitrotyrosilated-protein 발현의 정도를 면역화학염색과 Western analysis로 확인할 수 있었다. DEP는 폐포대식세포에서 직접적으로 NO생성에 영향을 미치지 않았으며, NO를 생성하는 iNOS나 nitrotyrosilated-protein의 발현에도 영향을 주지 않았으나 세균성 염증인자의 한 종류인 LPS가 NO를 형성하는 데에는 통계학적인 상승효과가 있었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 염증성질환의 환자에서 DEP의 흡입은 간접적으로 NO를 형성하는데 영향을 미쳐 질환을 악화시킬 것으로 판단한다. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Despite the epidemiological proof, the pathogenesis of DEP-related pulmonary diseases remain poorly understood. So, comprehensive in vivo and in vitro researches are required to know the effects of DEP on diverse lung diseases. Alveolar macrophages (AM) and airway epithelial cells are known as important cellular targets in DEP-induced lung diseases. Other studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) is involved in particle matter induced lung injury. The present study was undertaken to determine whether DEP has an synergistic effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO formation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with nitrotyrosilated-protein formation in cultured primary alveolar macrophages. The formation of NO was determined through the Griess reaction in the cultured medium and iNOS with nitrotyrosilated-proteins are analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and Western analysis. The results indicate that DEP exposure does not induce NO formation by itself, however DEP showed significant synergistic effects on LPS-induced NO formation. So, our results suggest that DEP inhalation could aggravate inflammatory lung disease through NO formation.