Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity, Phytochemical Profile and Minerals Composition of Garlic Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum

Nauman Khalid,Iftikhar Ahmed,Malik Shah Zaman Latif,Tariq Rafique,Sardar Atiq Fawad 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3

Allium species are considered to be one of the world’soldest cultivated vegetables. Most commonly used species ofgarlic in Pakistan and India is Allium sativum, while Alliumtuberosum is mainly consumed and cultivated in China, SoutheastAsia, and North-east part of India. The present study wasconducted to compare the antimicrobial activity, nutritional valueand antioxidant profile of Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum. The outcome indicates that Allium tuberosum have slightly higherantimicrobial activity, higher mineral profile, and enriched inantioxidants in comparison with Allium sativum. The highestantimicrobial activity of Allium tuberosum was noticed againstStaphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with 43.9 and 40.7mm zone of inhibition using 100% extract. Allium tuberosumcontains high contents of calcium (28.662±.00mg/100 g), potassium(10.62±0.50) and zinc (59.00±1.00). Allium tuberosum alsoshowed higher antioxidant activity (0.24±0.03 mg vitamin Cequivalent (VCE)/g fresh weight in ferric reducing antioxidantpower assay, 0.18±0.02 mg VCE/g fresh weight in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and 1.09±0.12 mg VCE/g fresh weight in2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay) incomparison with Allium sativum.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity, Phytochemical Profile and Minerals Composition of Garlic Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum

Khalid, Nauman,Ahmed, Iftikhar,Latif, Malik Shah Zaman,Rafique, Tariq,Fawad, Sardar Atiq The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3

Allium species are considered to be one of the world's oldest cultivated vegetables. Most commonly used species of garlic in Pakistan and India is Allium sativum, while Allium tuberosum is mainly consumed and cultivated in China, Southeast Asia, and North-east part of India. The present study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial activity, nutritional value and antioxidant profile of Allium sativum and Allium tuberosum. The outcome indicates that Allium tuberosum have slightly higher antimicrobial activity, higher mineral profile, and enriched in antioxidants in comparison with Allium sativum. The highest antimicrobial activity of Allium tuberosum was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with 43.9 and 40.7 mm zone of inhibition using 100% extract. Allium tuberosum contains high contents of calcium ($28.662{\pm}.00mg/100g$), potassium ($10.62{\pm}0.50$) and zinc ($59.00{\pm}1.00$). Allium tuberosum also showed higher antioxidant activity ($0.24{\pm}0.03mg$ vitamin C equivalent (VCE)/g fresh weight in ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, $0.18{\pm}0.02mg\;VCE/g$ fresh weight in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and $1.09{\pm}0.12mg\;VCE/g$ fresh weight in 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay) in comparison with Allium sativum.

Fabrication of printed memory device having zinc-oxide active nano-layer and investigation of resistive switching

Nauman Malik Muhammada,Navaneethan Duraisamy,Khalid Rahman,Hyun Woo Dang,Jeongdae Jo,Kyung Hyun Choi 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.1

An all printed resistive memory device, a 9-bit memristor, has been presented in this study consisting of 3 x 3 memristor crossbars deposited via electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing process at room conditions. Transparent zinc oxide active nano-layers, directly deposited by electrospray process, are sandwiched between the crossbars to complete the metaleinsulator metal structure consisting of copper ezinc oxideesilver, where Cu and Ag are used as bottom and top electrodes respectively. The 9-bit memristor device has been characterized using currentevoltage measurements to investigate the resistive switching phenomenon thereby confirming the memristive pinched hysteresis behavior signifying the readewrite and memory characteristics. The memristor device showed a current bistability due to the existence of metaleoxide layer which gives rise to oxygen vacancies upon receiving the positive voltage hence breaking down into doped and un-doped regions and a charge transfer takes place. The maximum ON/OFF ratio of the current bi-stability for the fabricated memristor was as large as 1 x 103, and the endurance of ON/OFF switchings was verified for 500 readewrite cycles. The metale insulatoremetal structure has been characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope techniques.

Fabrication of printed memory device having zinc-oxide active nano-layer and investigation of resistive switching

Muhammad, Nauman Malik,Duraisamy, Navaneethan,Rahman, Khalid,Dang, Hyun Woo,Jo, Jeongdae,Choi, Kyung Hyun Elsevier 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.1

Xylanolytic Modification in Wheat Flour and its Effect on Dough Rheological Characteristics and Bread Quality Attributes

Zulfiqar Ahmad,Nauman Khalid,Masood Sadiq Butt,Anwaar Ahmed 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6

Effects of various xylanase treatments applied at different stages of bread making process on dough rheological characteristics and bread quality attributes were investigated. Different doses (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 IU) of purified enzyme were applied at two stages (tempering and mixing). In milling and dough making processes, both types of flour (subjected to enzyme treatment during tempering and flour mixing) exhibited decreasing trend in water absorption, dough development time, dough stability, softening of dough, dough mixing time, viscosity peak, set back, and increasing tendency in peak height and pasting temperature. Treatments during tempering resulted in more significant effects as compared to applications during flour mixing. The dough rising during proofing resulted in enhancement from 137±3.21% (control) to maximum value (192.33±2.90%), when 600 IU of xylanases were applied to 1 kg of wheat grains during tempering. The bread sensory attributes also exhibited significant improvement in response to various doses of purified enzymes.

Analysis of Different Classification Techniques for Two-Class Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy-Based Brain-Computer Interface

Naseer, Noman,Qureshi, Nauman Khalid,Noori, Farzan Majeed,Hong, Keum-Shik Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Computational intelligence and neuroscience Vol.2016 No.-

<P>We analyse and compare the classification accuracies of six different classifiers for a two-class mental task (mental arithmetic and rest) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals. The signals of the mental arithmetic and rest tasks from the prefrontal cortex region of the brain for seven healthy subjects were acquired using a multichannel continuous-wave imaging system. After removal of the physiological noises, six features were extracted from the oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) signals. Two- and three-dimensional combinations of those features were used for classification of mental tasks. In the classification, six different modalities, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), <I>k</I>-nearest neighbour (<I>k</I>NN), the Naïve Bayes approach, support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANN), were utilized. With these classifiers, the average classification accuracies among the seven subjects for the 2- and 3-dimensional combinations of features were 71.6, 90.0, 69.7, 89.8, 89.5, and 91.4% and 79.6, 95.2, 64.5, 94.8, 95.2, and 96.3%, respectively. ANN showed the maximum classification accuracies: 91.4 and 96.3%. In order to validate the results, a statistical significance test was performed, which confirmed that the<I> p </I>values were statistically significant relative to all of the other classifiers (<I>p</I> < 0.005) using HbO signals. </P>

Food irradiation technology: Prospects and future applications

Sawera Asghar,Haris Ayub,Nauman Khalid 한국식품저장유통학회 2022 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.29 No.7

Food irradiation technology (FIT) is a non-thermal processing that covers all significant aspects of food processing and preservation such as shelf-life extension, natural flavour maintenance, chemical-free preservation, and pathogen reduction. Excessive irradiation dosages can have negative consequences on food, which may include a reduction in functional and sensory qualities. On the other hand, the standard dose can have a positive influence, such as phytosanitary treatments, detoxifying aflatoxins, reducing pathogenic microorganism growth, reducing allergenicity of food allergens and increasing the product's shelf life. Consumer acceptance, prejudice, incorrect information, stringent legal and regulatory restrictions, and a subsequent unwillingness of food makers and the food trade to employ the latest technology are all impediments to FIT.

Evaluation of Glucose Dehydrogenase and Pyrroloquinoline Quinine (pqq) Mutagenesis that Renders Functional Inadequacies in Host Plants

( Muhammad Naveed ),( Younas Sohail ),( Nauman Khalid ),( Iftikhar Ahmed ),( Abdul Samad Mumtaz ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.8

The rhizospheric zone abutting plant roots usually clutches a wealth of microbes. In the recent past, enormous genetic resources have been excavated with potential applications in host plant interaction and ancillary aspects. Two Pseudomonas strains were isolated and identified through 16S rRNA and rpoD sequence analyses as P. fluorescens QAU67 and P. putida QAU90. Initial biochemical characterization and their root-colonizing traits indicated their potential role in plant growth promotion. Such aerobic systems, involved in gluconic acid production and phosphate solubilization, essentially require the pyrroloquinoline quinine (PQQ)- dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) in the genome. The PCR screening and amplification of GDH and PQQ and subsequent induction of mutagenesis characterized their possible role as antioxidants as well as in growth promotion, as probed in vitro in lettuce and in vivo in rice, bean, and tomato plants. The results showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in parameters of plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight, etc., deciphering a clear and in fact complementary role of GDH and PQQ in plant growth promotion. Our study not only provides direct evidence of the in vivo role of GDH and PQQ in host plants but also reveals their functional inadequacy in the event of mutation at either of these loci.

GENERALIZED DERIVATIONS ON PRIME RINGS SATISFYING CERTAIN IDENTITIES

Al-Omary, Radwan Mohammed,Nauman, Syed Khalid Korean Mathematical Society 2021 대한수학회논문집 Vol.36 No.2

Let R be a ring with characteristic different from 2. An additive mapping F : R → R is called a generalized derivation on R if there exists a derivation d : R → R such that F(xy) = F(x)y + xd(y) holds for all x, y ∈ R. In the present paper, we show that if R is a prime ring satisfying certain identities involving a generalized derivation F associated with a derivation d, then R becomes commutative and in some cases d comes out to be zero (i.e., F becomes a left centralizer). We provide some counter examples to justify that the restrictions imposed in the hypotheses of our theorems are not superfluous.

Formulation of Edible Coatings from Alfalfa Saponins to Enhance the Postharvest Quality of Tomatoes

Mahnoor Akhtar,Aqsa Akhtar,Wahab Nazir,Nauman Khalid 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.28 No.2

Tomatoes are a major crop for global exports and have significant nutritional benefits. However, their lifespan is limited due to various biotic and abiotic factors. This study aimed to formulate an edible coating using crude alfalfa saponins coupled with decaglycerol monolaurate (ML-750) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), to enhance the postharvest quality and shelf life of tomatoes by preventing spoilage. The effectiveness of alfalfa saponins coatings, both alone, and with ML-750 and Tween 20, was evaluated by comparing their impact on color, texture, overall acceptability, and % weight loss at 4°C and 25°C for 7 days. Significant improvements were observed in the quality attributes of tomatoes, including firmness, aroma, color, texture, and overall acceptability. Crude alfalfa saponins in emulsified form with Tween 20 increased the shelf stability of tomatoes more effectively than uncoated and ML-750 combined coatings. The total soluble solids (TSS) and pH also play a crucial role in determining the quality of the fruits. The results indicated no significant changes in the TSS of tomatoes coated with encapsulated saponins. Subsequently, a gradual increase in the pH of the coated tomatoes was observed on days 5 and 7, respectively. The findings of this study revealed that alfalfa saponins coupled with synthetic emulsifiers may be a beneficial strategy for prolonging the shelf life and improving the postharvest quality of tomatoes.