네와르 불교(네팔 불교)를 재활성화시키는 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 축제 그 전통에 관한 연구

( Naresh Man Bajracarya ) 위덕대학교 밀교문화연구원 2013 密敎學報 Vol.14 No.-

나마상기띠(Namasamgiti)는 밀교경전이다. 사실 이 경전은 Mayajala―tantra의 samadhijala-patala의 일부분이다. 불행하게도 Mayajantra의 범어 완성본은 없어졌다. 그러나 다행히 Namasamgiti의 범어본 경전들이 네팔에 존재한다. 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 경전은 카트만두의 네와르 민족 불자들 가운데 유명한 경전이었으며 전통이었다. 이 경전은 네와르 불교 승려들과 신도들이 모두에게 불교 수행의 일부였다. 대략 6th 세기쯤에 쓰여진 이 경전은 이후에 중국어, 몽골어 그리고 티베트어로 초기에 번역되었으며, 근대에는 영어로도 번역되었다. 이 경전에 대한 주석서들은 초본이 많다. 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti)의 내용은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 대중 중에 주연사인 약샤(yaksha)의 대표인 Vajrapani(執金剛神)보살이 부처님께 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti)경전을 설해주길 청한다. 부처님이 Vajrapani(執金剛神)에게 감사하면서 지금부터 설할 것을 선언한다. 먼저 석가모니불은 바깔에 일체중생을 보시고 mayajalabhisambodhi(摩耶阇藍正覺)란 文殊 智身生(Manjusri-jynakayasattva)의 anutpada dharmini(無生)에 대한 설법을 한다. 이 뒤에 부처님은 智의 종류 즉 금강계만다라(vajradhatumandala)와 法界體性智(suvisuddhadharmadhatu), 大圓鏡智(pratyaveksana), 平等性智(samata), 妙觀察智(krtyanusthana), 成所作智(adarsa)에 대한 설법을 한다. 이 경전의 마지막에 대중을 대신해서 執金剛神이 부처님께 감사한다 여기에서 네와르불교를 간결하게 소개하면서 네와르 불교의 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 전통, 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 날, 네팔의 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 관정, 현재 네팔의 관정 행사 그리고 그의 영향을 강조하여 연구하였다. 새롭게 시작 된 나마상기띠(Namasamgiti) 축제와 행사의 성공적인 개최가 네와르 불교를 활성화 하는데 중요한 역할하고 있다. 이 두가지 행사가 네와르 불교의 새로운 지평을 열어가고 있다. The Namasamgiti is a text of Vajrayana. It is in fact, a part of samadhijala-pafala, a chapter of Mayajala-tantra. Unfortunately the complete original text (Sanskrit text) of Mayajala-tantra is not survived. Fortunately a bunch manuscript of the Namasamgiti in Sanskrit language is available in Nepal. The Ndmasamglti has been a popular text and tradition of the Newar Buddhists of the Kathmandu Valley. Both members of the Newar sangha and other householders have chanted this Sanskrit text as part of Buddhist practice. Probably written in the 6^th Century CE, the Namasamgiti was in subsequent centuries translated into Chinese, Mongol, and Tibetan language in early days. In modern era it has been translated in English language too. Commentaries on this important text were early and have been numerous. The contents of the Namasamgiti can be summarized here: the Bodhsattva Vajrapani, the lord of guhyaka (a class of god) was recognized as chief speaker in the audience and so he requested the Buddha to deliver a discourse on the Namasamgiti. Buddha thanked Vajrapani and assured him that he would now do so. First, Shakyamuni looked out to observe all living beings and then spoke about anutpada dharmini (law of no-origination) of Manjusri-jynakayasattva that is called mayajalabhisambodhi (maya-net enlightenment). Thereafter Buddha discussed the different forms of knowledge, namely the knowledge of vajradhatumandala, suvisuddhadharmadhatu, pratyaveksana, adarsa, samata, krtyanusthana respectively. Alter he eulogized the Five-tathagatas, he pointed out the benefits of chanting the Naamsamgiti. Finally, Buddha uttered mantra-s of Namasamglti. On behalf of the audience, Vajrapani expressed his thanks to the Buddha, ending the Namasamgiti. An attempt has been made to introduce the Newar Buddhism in brief, highlight Namasamglti Traditions in Newar Buddhism, the New Namasamgiti Parva(Festival), Namasamgiti Initiation tradition in Nepal, the Initiation Events in contemporary Nepal and its impact. The new Namasamgiti Festival and the event of Namasamgiti Initiation are the successful activities in revitalizing Newar Buddhism. The both opened a new chapter in Newar Buddhism.

Green Chemistry Approach for the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using the Fungus Alternaria sp

( Naresh Niranjan Dhanasekar ),( Ganga Ravindran Rahu ),( Kannan Badri Narayanan ),( Gurusamy Raman ),( Natarajan Sakthive ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.7

The synthesis of gold nanoparticles has gained tremendous attention owing to their immense applications in the field of biomedical sciences. Although several chemical procedures are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles, the release of toxic and hazardous by-products restricts their use in biomedical applications. In the present investigation, gold nanoparticles were synthesized biologically using the culture filtrate of the filamentous fungus Alternaria sp. The culture filtrate of the fungus was exposed to three different concentrations of chloroaurate ions. In all cases, the gold ions were reduced to Au(0), leading to the formation of stable gold nanoparticles of variable sizes and shapes. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of nanoparticles by reduction of Au3+ to Au0. TEM analysis revealed the presence of spherical, rod, square, pentagonal, and hexagonal morphologies for 1 mM chloroaurate solution. However, quasi-spherical and spherical nanoparticles/heart-like morphologies with size range of about 7-13 and 15-18 nm were observed for lower molar concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5 mM gold chloride solution, respectively. The XRD spectrum revealed the face-centered cubic crystals of synthesized gold nanoparticles. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of aromatic primary amines, and the additional SPR bands at 290 and 230 nm further suggested that the presence of amino acids such as tryptophan/tyrosine or phenylalanine acts as the capping agent on the synthesized mycogenic gold nanoparticles.

Selection of ecologically selective insecticides to be used against soybean insect pests

Naresh Dangi,Yong Ha Woo,Souvic Sarker,Un Taek Lim 한국농약과학회 2016 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

호마의궤 작법 : Samvarodaya Tantra 중심으로

Naresh Man Bajracarhya 위덕대학교 2009 밀교세계 Vol.5 No.-

어떤 종교에 의해서가 아니라 인간문명이 만들어 낸 호마 의궤 (Fire-ritual)는 인간의 불(火)과의 가까운 관계를 밝히고 있다. 오직 익혀 먹기, 짐승으로 침입을 막기 위해서나 밝히기 위해서 만 사용했던 불은 인간의 육체와 정신적 행복을 얻는데 사용할 수 있음으로 발전 것이 호마의식이다. 밀교 수행자들은 Agni를 통해서 육체와 정신적 안락을 얻을 수 있다고 생각한다. 이라한 믿음은 다른 종교의 영향을 받아서가 아니라 밀교의 주요 목적인 "Sarva prakaram jagato hitaya"( 일체 모든 방법으로 세상을 이롭게 한다)를 위해서 이다.

Identification and evaluation of Beauveria bassiana ARP14 against Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) and its parasitoids

Naresh Dangi,Un Taek Lim 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04

An entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana ARP14, was isolated from field collected Riptortus pedestris (F.). Lethal concentration of ARP14 was compared with commercialized GHA strain against R. pedestris and its egg parasitoids Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii and Gryon japonicum (Ashmead). Mortality and infection rate were evaluated in five concentrations, i.e., 1×10 9 , 1×10 8 , 1×10 7 , 1×10 6 , and 1×10 5 conidia/mL using glass scintillation vial. The LC50 of 2nd, 4th instar, and adult stage of R. pedestris was not different between the two strains. The infection rate of ARP14 was higher than that of GHA in 4th instar and adult stage in 1×10 8 conidia/mL. The infection rate was low in ARP14 than GHA in both egg parasitoids. Therefore, our results suggest that the ARP14 strain can be used against R. pedestris with less negative effect on egg parasitoids than GHA strain.

소의 열 스트레스와 유전자(총설)

Naresh Kumar Singh,이성진 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소(구 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소) 2015 동물자원연구 Vol.26 No.2

Evidences from the past century have recorded that global warming has been increasing constantly and will continue to rise at the rates that are estimated to be between 0.1 to 0.2℃ per decade in the next century. We cannot negate the fact that rising temperatures would also effect harshly to animal sector particularly dairy sector. So far, it has been noticed that rising temperatures causing heat stress among dairying. However, at cellular level molecular chaperones (genes/heat shock proteins) gets activated and released. Genes that get up/down regulated following heat stress have been shown to be involved in protein folding, protein degradation, protein synthesis and detoxification, oxygen transport, phosphorylation etc. in different animals. In this study we discuss the impact of heat stress on cow’s dairy capacity, health and alongside the responses of different molecular chaperones in protecting the existing proteins for routine health and production. Additionally, the different mechanism that underlie activation of the heat shock proteins response and the role of heat shock proteins as cyto-protective molecules to develop them into active molecules as regulators of heat stress in animals.

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Terbium Iron Garnet Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Naresh Kumar,N. G. Kim,Y. S. Koo,N. Hur,M. H. Jung,J. H. Jung 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Treatment of Reverse Osmosis Concentrate by Electrochemical microfiltration

Naresh Mameda,Kwang-Ho Choo 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

NIR luminescence and energy transfer kinetics in Nd³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped sodium aluminium bismuth fluoro-borosilicate glasses

Naresh, V.,Lee, Nohyun Elsevier 2019 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.45 No.17

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Here, we demonstrate the results pertaining to energy transfer kinetics in Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>/Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ions combinedly doped in oxy-fluoride based sodium aluminum bismuth fluoro-borosilicate glasses. The thermal stability for the parent NABFBS glass is evaluated from TG-DTA measurement, and Raman & FT-IR spectral profiles were investigated to realize the influence of phonon energy of host NABFBS glass and OH<SUP>−</SUP> content on luminescence features of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> and Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. Upon pumping at 808 nm, Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> glasses displayed intense NIR emission for 1 mol% concentration at 903, 1068 and 1348 nm labeled to corresponding transitions <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>→<SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>9/2</SUB>, <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>→<SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>11/2</SUB> and <SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>→<SUP>4</SUP>I<SUB>13/2</SUB>. Effect of multiphonon-, cross-relaxation and OH<SUP>−</SUP> group on Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission causing luminescence quenching above 1.0 mol % Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> is interpreted. The sensitizing effect of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission on Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> luminescence is investigated by co-doping Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> ion (optimized to 1 mol%) with different Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ion concentrations. The probability of energy-transfer (ET) between these ions has been substantiated by the considerable spectral overlap of Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> absorption and Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission, luminescence features, emission decay rates and energy level diagram. On co-doping Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> to Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>, the emission intensity of Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>is enhanced along with simultaneous decrement in Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> emission owing to transfer of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> excitation energy. This process is further supported by the shortening of Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> life-times in co-doped glasses compared with individually Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> doped glasses. The probability of transfer of energy in Nd<SUP>3+</SUP> and Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> combinedly doped system is estimated along the same lines of Dexter's theory and Inokuti-Hirayama (I-H) fitting model for dipole-dipole coupling. The results reveal that, the energy-transfer mechanism from Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>(<SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>3/2</SUB>)→Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>(<SUP>4</SUP>F<SUB>5/2</SUB>) is a non-radiative type governed by electric dipole-dipole interaction with phonon assistance. The energy transfer parameters, donor-acceptor coupling constant (<I>C</I> <SUB>DA</SUB>), energy-transfer efficiency (<I>η</I>) and probability of energy transfer (<I>P</I>) for co-doped glasses are computed from lifetime curves. In addition, back energy transfer Nd<SUP>3+</SUP>←Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> is also investigated.</P>

Role of Coflex as an Adjunct to Decompression for Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Naresh Kumar,Siddarth M Shah,Yau Hong Ng,Vinodh Kumar Pannierselvam,Sudeep DasDe,Liang Shen 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.2

Study design: Prospective cohort study. Purpose: To assess whether additional implantation of Coflex following spinal decompression provided better clinical outcomes compared to decompression alone for symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and to determine whether improvement in clinical outcomes correlated with changes in the radiological indices studied. Overview of Literature: Literature on benefits of additional Coflex implantation compared to decompression alone for symptomatic LSS is limited. Methods: Patients with symptomatic LSS who met the study criteria were offered spinal decompression with Coflex implantation. Those patients who accepted Coflex implantation were placed in the Coflex group (n=22); while those opting for decompression alone, were placed in the comparison group (n=24). Clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively, six-months, one-year and two-years postoperatively, using the Oswestry disability index, 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS)-back pain and VAS-leg pain, and short form- 36 (SF-36). Radiological indices (disc height, foraminal height and sagittal angle) were assessed preoperatively, six months, one year, and two years postoperatively. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant (p <0.001) improvement in all the clinical outcome indicators at all points in time as compared to the preoperative status. However, improvement in the Coflex group was significantly greater (p <0.001) than the comparison group. Changes in the radiological indices did not correlate significantly with the improvement in clinical outcome indicators. Conclusions: Additional Coflex implantation after spinal decompression in symptomatic LSS offers better clinical outcomes than decompression alone in the short-term. Changes in radiological indices do not correlate with the improvements in clinical outcomes after surgery for symptomatic LSS.