Bovine Heat Stress and Genes (Review)

Naresh Kumar Singh,이성진 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소 2015 동물자원연구 Vol.26 No.2

Evidences from the past century have recorded that global warming has been increasing constantly and will continue to rise at the rates that are estimated to be between 0.1 to 0.2℃ per decade in the next century. We cannot negate the fact that rising temperatures would also effect harshly to animal sector particularly dairy sector. So far, it has been noticed that rising temperatures causing heat stress among dairying. However, at cellular level molecular chaperones (genes/heat shock proteins) gets activated and released. Genes that get up/down regulated following heat stress have been shown to be involved in protein folding, protein degradation, protein synthesis and detoxification, oxygen transport, phosphorylation etc. in different animals. In this study we discuss the impact of heat stress on cow’s dairy capacity, health and alongside the responses of different molecular chaperones in protecting the existing proteins for routine health and production. Additionally, the different mechanism that underlie activation of the heat shock proteins response and the role of heat shock proteins as cyto-protective molecules to develop them into active molecules as regulators of heat stress in animals.

반추동물에서의 보조생식기술 (총설)

Naresh Kumar Singh,이성진 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소(구 강원대학교 동물자원공동연구소) 2016 동물자원연구 Vol.27 No.1

It has been now believed and documented that high producing animals can be exploited even best if the heat period expressed in them could be synchronized. Recently, the development in the field of animal science and the introduction of newer technology such as assisted reproductive technology (ART) has immensely rationalized the importance of certain techniques by improvising them in order to benefit the production part from animals. Assisted reproductive technologies have not only benefitted a lot by increasing the production but also by addressing several problems of reproduction failure in farm animals. These technologies have also assisted in improving them and in accelerating genetic improvement among animal population. Techniques such as improved follicular efficiencies, ovum pick up, in vitro embryo production, embryo and semen sexing, somatic cell nuclear transfer and production of transgenic and cloned embryos have been now taken up as cost effective shape in accelerating genetic improvement in animal population and all such technologies have been overviewed and highlighted in this review.

Epitaxial Growth and Magnetodielectric Properties of Terbium-Iron-Garnet Thin Films

Naresh Kumar,정종훈,정명화,Namgun Kim,허남정,YongAn Park,Younghun Jo 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.1

We report on the (110)-oriented epitaxial growth of terbium-iron-garnet (Tb3Fe5O12, TbIG) thin films on Pt(111)/Gd3Ga5O12 (110) substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and their dielectric and magnetodielectric properties. High-quality TbIG thin films with clear interfaces can be achieved at a 750℃ substrate temperature and a 120 mTorr oxygen partial pressure, with subsequent annealing at 900℃ in air. The thickness of Pt is found to be crucial for epitaxial growth of TbIG and is optimized at 35 nm. The temperature-dependent dielectric constant shows a clear kink near 150 K due to a structural transition, similar to that of a single crystal. However, the magnetic feld dependence of the dielectric constant is an order of magnitude smaller than that of a single crystal and appears only when applied magnetic and electric felds are normal to the film plane, a sharp contrast to the case of a single crystal. We have attributed such differences to the rotation of magnetic easy axis from [1-11] to [110] and to the reduced magnetostriction due to the clamping effect from the substrate.

Hybrid porous thin films: Opportunities and challenges for sensing applications

Kumar, Pawan,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Vellingiri, Kowsalya,Samaddar, Pallabi,Kumar, Parveen,Deep, Akash,Kumar, Naresh Elsevier 2018 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol.104 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, the scientific progress in the field of thin film materials and their associated sensing technologies are described comprehensively to address the directions for future research and developments as per the need of modern-day technologies. To begin with, we briefly discussed the fundamental synthesis approaches for advanced thin films with an emphasis on the properties necessary for controlled fabrication (e.g., the elemental ratio and spatial arrangement). Subsequently, we explored the control, characterization, and optimization of hybrid porous thin films with respect to diverse sensing applications. The application of hybrid porous thin film materials has also been discussed in relation to the mechanisms used for biological, optical, electrical, acoustic, and other advanced sensing techniques (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)). Finally, conclusions are drawn to highlight the current status of thin film-based sensing technology along with its opportunities and challenges.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fundamental synthesis approaches of advanced thin films. </LI> <LI> Here optimization of hybrid porous thin films for advanced sensing techniques is reviewed. </LI> <LI> Current status, opportunities, and challenges are discussed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Current Status of the Use of Salvaged Blood in Metastatic Spine Tumour Surgery

Naresh Kumar,Nivetha Ravikumar,Joel Yong Hao Tan,Kutbuddin Akbary,Ravish Shammi Patel,Rajesh Kannan 대한척추신경외과학회 2018 Neurospine Vol.15 No.3

To review the current status of salvaged blood transfusion (SBT) in metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS), with regard to its safety and efficacy, contraindications, and adverse effects. We also aimed to establish that the safety and adverse event profile of SBT is comparable and at least equal to that of allogeneic blood transfusion. MEDLINE and Scopus were used to search for relevant articles, based on keywords such as “cancer surgery,” “salvaged blood,” and “circulating tumor cells.” We found 159 articles, of which 55 were relevant; 20 of those were excluded because they used other blood conservation techniques in addition to cell salvage. Five articles were manually selected from reference lists. In total, 40 articles were reviewed. There is sufficient evidence of the clinical safety of using salvaged blood in oncological surgery. SBT decreases the risk of postoperative infections and tumour recurrence. However, there are some limitations regarding its clinical applications, as it cannot be employed in cases of sepsis. In this review, we established that earlier studies supported the use of salvaged blood from a cell saver in conjunction with a leukocyte depletion filter (LDF). Furthermore, we highlight the recent emergence of sufficient evidence supporting the use of intraoperative cell salvage without an LDF in MSTS.

Defatted algal biomass as feedstock for short chain carboxylic acids and biohydrogen production in the biorefinery format

Naresh Kumar, A.,Min, Booki,Venkata Mohan, S. Elsevier 2018 Bioresource Technology Vol.269 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential application of defatted algal biomass (DAB) residue as a resource for biobased product synthesis in the biorefinery framework. Acid-catalyzed pretreatment of DAB residue resulted in higher reducing sugars (RS) solubilization (0.26 g RS/g DAB) than corresponding base method (0.19 g RS/g DAB). Subsequently, resulting RS were acidogenically fermented for the production of Bio-H<SUB>2</SUB> and short chain carboxylic acids (SCA)/volatile fatty acids (VFA) at varying redox conditions (pH: 6, 7 and 10). Biosystem with pH-6 resulted in higher SCA (0.54 g SCA/g RS) and Bio-H<SUB>2</SUB> production (0.83 l) followed by pH-10 (0.43 g SCA/g RS, 0.71 l) and pH-7 (0.27 g SCA/g RS, 0.48 l). Higher SCA production in pH-6 system resulted in maximum acidification (23%). Algal biomass majorly derived from CO<SUB>2</SUB> and its residues after lipids extraction accounted as major feedstock for acidogenic product synthesis. Evaluation of these studies using DAB residues offers sustainability to algal refineries on its entirety use.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Acid catalyzed pretreatment of DAB residues resulted in higher sugar solubilization. </LI> <LI> Higher biohydrogen production was resulted with pH-6 operation. </LI> <LI> Biosystem redox condition showed influence on SCA production and distribution. </LI> <LI> Use of DAB as a resource renders the sustainability to current algal biorefineries. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Terbium Iron Garnet Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Naresh Kumar,N. G. Kim,Y. S. Koo,N. Hur,M. H. Jung,J. H. Jung 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

FE Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Residual Stresses in Vibration Assisted Turning of Ti6Al4V

Naresh Kumar Maroju,Vamsi Krishna Pasam 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.3

Titanium alloys are widely employed in aerospace, marine and biomedical industries due to their durability and ability to sustain elevated operating temperature. Vibration assisted turning (VAT) is found to be an effective alternative to machine hard materials and promises significant process improvements compared to conventional turning (CT). This paper presents experimental studies and finite element simulations in turning of Ti6Al4V alloy with uncoated carbide tools. The influence of VAT on residual stress is evaluated in both experiment and simulation. The residual stresses are evaluated experimentally along the direction of cutting and perpendicular to the direction of cutting using X-ray diffraction analysis. 3-D finite element model is developed to predict cutting forces, temperature, and machining-induced stress field and the residual stresses. It is observed that the nature of residual stresses is predominantly compressive in VAT compared to CT, due to the reduced the cutting forces, effective stresses, and temperature.

Symptomatic Construct Failure after Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery

Kumar Naresh,Patel Ravish,Tan Jiong Hao,Song Joshua,Pandita Naveen,Hey Dennis Hwee Weng,Lau Leok Lim,Liu Gabriel Ka-Po,Thambiah Joseph,Wong Hee-Kit 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and presentation of symptomatic failures (SFs) after metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS). To identify the associated risk factors. To categorize SFs based on the management in these patients.Overview of Literature: Few studies have reported on the incidence (1.9%–16%) and risk factors of SF after MSTS. It is unclear whether all SFs, occurring in MSTS-patients, result in revision surgery.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on 288 patients (246 for final analysis) who underwent MSTS between 2005–2015. Data collected were demographics and peri/postoperative clinical and radiological features. Early and late radiological SF were defined as presentation before and after 3 months from index surgery, respectively. Univariate and multivariate models of competing risk regression analysis were designed to determine the risk factors for SF with death as a competing event.Results: We observed 14 SFs (5.7%) in 246 patients; 10 (4.1%) underwent revision surgery. Median survival was 13.4 months. The mean age was 58.8 years (range, 21–87 years); 48.4% were women. The median time to failure was 5 months (range, 1–60 months). Patients with SF were categorized into three groups: (1) SF when the primary implant was revised (n=5, 35.7%); (2) peri-construct progression of disease requiring extension (n=5, 35.7%); and (3) SFs that did not warrant revision (n=4, 28.5%). Four patients (28.5%) presented with early failure. SF commonly occurred at the implant-bone interface (9/14) and all patients had a spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) >7. Thirteen patients (92.8%) who developed failure had fixation spanning junctional regions. Multivariate competing risk regression showed that preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score was a significant risk factor for implant failure (adjusted sub-hazard ratio, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.63–30.07; p<0.0009).Conclusions: The incidence of SF (5.7%) was low in patients undergoing MSTS although these patients did not undergo spinal fusion. Preoperative ambulators involved a 7 times higher risk of failure than non-ambulators. Preoperative SINS >7 and fixations spanning junctional regions were associated with SF. Majority of construct failures occurred at the implant-bone interface.

Progress in the sensing techniques for heavy metal ions using nanomaterials

Kumar, Pawan,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Bansal, Vasudha,Lazarides, Theodore,Kumar, Naresh Elsevier 2017 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.54 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The widespread pollution of toxic metals has drawn much attention due to its potential to harm both human health and the environment. Recently, a large volume of scientific literature has identified a potent role for nanomaterials in capturing, separating, and probing for such hazardous pollutants. This review discusses the opportunities and challenges in applying nanomaterials to sense hazardous metals in relation to their general working principles. This review evaluates their performance and advantages about conventional analytical methods. Our review also describes the basic features of this developing field to help establish a plan to counteract heavy metal ions contamination.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Heavy and transition metals ions (HTMs) are major concern due to potential health hazards. </LI> <LI> Merits/demerits of different sensing techniques are discussed using recent prominent studies. </LI> <LI> The performance of nanomaterials is discussed for sensing of HTMs. </LI> <LI> Nanomaterials are found as the perceptive tool for HTMs sensing. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>