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Kato, Naoto 한국알타이학회 2001 알타이학보 Vol.11 No.1
There are few documents concerning the people of the Great Xing-an-ling 大興安嶺 region, whose ethnic group do not have own writing system. In Qing archives, the most valuable documents on this people were, I think, the documents of the Headquarters at Butha 布特哈總管衙門 which is the center of the Qing's administration at the region. The Qing aimed to control the people living in the Xing-an-ling region through this Butha office. The Qing recognized that the people of the Great Xing-an-ling were divided into three groups, Solon, Dagur and Orocon. These people had lived in the upper and middle river district of the Amur river until the middle of the seventeenth century. They moved to the Nen-jiang valley at the end of the Qing Shun-zhi period. Dagur, Solon and a certain number of people who lived in northeast China, had studied Manchu language as a means of attaining culture. Even after the Qing dynasty had fallen, they continued to study Manchu language. The language of Dagur is not written, but they had been reading Mongolian, and moreover their language preserved an early form of Mongolian. Why did they study written Manchu rather than Mongolian letters? In the case of Dagur people, all of the people of over than 60 years old are good at reading and writing Manchu. In fact, there had been private schools for Manchu language until the end of Man-zhou-guo 滿洲國 or the beginning of New China. The Dagur's case is different from that of other people living in the lower Nen-jiang valley. For example, residents of San-jia-zi-tun 三家子屯 at Fu-yu-xian 富裕縣 in Heilongjiang Province, are the descendants of troops at Jilin Shui-shi-ying 吉林水師營 or the Headquarters of Water Troops at Jilin, and have kept their own Manchu language because of the geographical environment. So they are good at speaking Manchu, but not good at reading and writing. As the Manchu language of the Dagur people had been studied to gain literate culture, they are good at reading and writing, but not good at speaking. They studied written Manchu. We often form an image that the foundation of the Republic of China meant the denial and disappearance of Manchu culture. This understanding, however, is too inappropriate when studying the people living in the Great Xing-an-ling region. Not only after the 1911 Revolution, but at least until the foundation of the People's Republic of China, the culture of the people in this region meant the ability to read and write in Manchu language not in Chinese.
Development of a New Model Based Air-Fuel Ratio Control System
Junichi Kako,Shuntaro Okazaki,Naoto Kato 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
The second-generation air-fuel ratio control method has been developed to reduce exhaust gas emissions in accordance with the improvements in catalysts. The control system consists of a feedforward control using a fuelbehavior model, a feedback control using an universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensor and a feedback controlutilizing the heated exhaust gas oxygen (HEGO) sensor. Experimental results on actual vehicles show the effectivenessof presented method.
Factors Associated with Doses of Mood Stabilizers in Real-world Outpatients with Bipolar Disorder
Norio Yasui-Furukori,Naoto Adachi,Yukihisa Kubota,Takaharu Azekawa,Eiichiro Goto,Koji Edagawa,Eiichi Katsumoto,Seiji Hongo,Hitoshi Ueda,Kazuhira Miki,Masaki Kato,Reiji Yoshimura,Atsuo Nakagawa,Toshiak 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.4
Objective: Several evidence-based practice guidelines have been developed to better treat bipolar disorder. However, the articles cited in these guidelines were based on clinical or basic studies with specific conditional settings and were not sufficiently based on real-world clinical practice. In particular, there was little information on the doses of mood stabilizers. Methods: The MUlticenter treatment SUrvey on BIpolar disorder in Japanese psychiatric clinics (MUSUBI) is a study conducted to accumulate evidence on the real-world practical treatment of bipolar disorder. The questionnaire included patient characteristics such as comorbidities, mental status, treatment period, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score, and details of pharmacological treatment. Results: Most patients received mood stabilizers such as lithium (n = 1,317), valproic acid (n = 808), carbamazepine (n = 136), and lamotrigine (n = 665). The dose of lithium was correlated with age, body weight, number of episodes, depression and GAF. The dose of valproic acid was correlated with body weight, number of episodes, presence of a rapid cycle and GAF. The dose of carbamazepine was correlated with age, mania, and the presence of a rapid cycle. The dose of lamotrigine was correlated with the number of episodes, depression, mania, psychotic features, and the presence of a rapid cycle. Doses of coadministered mood stabilizers were significantly correlated, except for the combination of valproic acid and lamotrigine. Conclusion: The dose of mood stabilizers was selectively administered based on several factors, such as age, body composition, current mood status and functioning. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Noritaka Nakamichi,Shunsuke Nakao,Yusuke Masuo,Ayaka Koike,Naoto Matsumura,Misa Nishiyama,Aya Hasan Al-Shammari,Hirotaka Sekiguchi,Keita Sutoh,Koji Usumi,Yukio Kato 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.4
Salmon milt extract contains high levels of nucleic acids and has antioxidant potential. Although salmon milt extract is known to improve impaired brain function in animal models with brain disease, its effects on learning and memory ability in healthy subjects is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect of hydrolyzed salmon milt extract (HSME) on object recognition and object location memory under normal conditions. A diet containing 2.5% HSME induced normal mice to devote more time to exploring novel and moved objects than in exploring familiar and unmoved objects, as observed during novel object recognition and spatial recognition tests, respectively. A diet containing 2.5% nucleic acid fraction purified from HSME also induced similar effects, as measured by the same behavioral tests. This suggests that the nucleic acids may be a functional component contributing to the effects of HSME on brain function. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that gene expression of the markers for brain parenchymal cells, including neural stem cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, in the hippocampi of mice on an HSME diet was higher than that in mice on a control diet. Oral administration of HSME increased concentrations of cytosine, cytidine, and deoxycytidine in the hippocampus. Overall, ingestion of HSME may enhance object recognition and object location memory under normal conditions in mice, at least, in part, via the activation of brain parenchymal cells. Our results thus indicate that dietary intake of this easily ingestible food might enhance brain function in healthy individuals.