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Anamika Sharma,Vikrant Nain,Rameshwar Tiwari,Surender Singh,Anurup Adak,Pawan Kumar Singh Nain,Lata Nain 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.3
The present investigation was aimed towards pretreatment optimization of corncob to maximize cellulose and hemicellulose recovery, followed by substrate selection for holocellulase production using psychrotolerant Aspergillus niger SH3. Dilute alkali pretreatment (1.5% NaOH) resulted in higher recovery of cellulose (59.66%) and hemicellulose (28.34%) from corncob, while corn stover proved to be the best substrate for holocellulase production. Further, saccharification was optimized by Box-Behnken design to select the suitable conditions for maximum sugar release from pretreated corncob. The optimum conditions for maximum sugar release were 8% (w/v) substrate loading, 11 FPU/gds enzyme loading at temperature 38 oC and pH 3.0 which resulted in 114.5% higher sugar yield (912mg/gds of pretreated biomass) as compared with un-optimized conditions (425.35mg/gds). Theoretical yield of 48.8% ethanol was achieved through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using pretreated corncob. This study illustrates the potential of different corn residues as a promising substrate for bioethanol production.
Nain KIM,Moon-Hee CHOI,Hyun-Jae SHIN 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aurea helianthus (AH), one of representative warm-temperature plant in southern Korea, is traditionally used in China for various medicinal purposes. The bioactive constituents from aerial parts of the AH have been studied by several researchers showing anti-inflammation, immune-modulatory, antioxidant, and whitening effects. However, the effects of the hydrophobic extracts of AH flower on the biological activities for cosmetic application have not been thoroughly investigated. This study reported the possible utilization of the hydrophobic extracts of AH flower extracts (AHF) validated antioxidant and analysis of the lipid acids. The AHF was treated with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol respectively. Besides component analysis of the extract, the antioxidant activities were determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The chloroform and methanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activities and active ingredient contents like the total phenolic and flavonoid contents. lipid acids analysis was determined maximum in the hexane extracts. Then the biological activity of hydrophobic extracts such as anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial will be further studied. In summary, Hydrophobic extracts of AHF are useful plant resources that can provides promising antioxidant and can be used as potential natural cosmetics ingredients and healthy foods.
Nain de la Cruz,Michael Basin 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.6
This paper presents a novel continuous predefined-time convergent control algorithm for higher-order systems with incompletely and completely measured states subjected to deterministic disturbances and stochastic noises. The algorithm enables a control designer to assign the convergence time as a control law parameter of in advance, regardless of initial conditions. The designed control law employs time-varying linear control input terms substituting for previously used exponential ones. The control algorithm efficiency is demonstrated by numerical simulations for a four-dimensional (4D) permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system with incompletely and completely measured states affected by both deterministic disturbances satisfying Lipschitz conditions and stochastic white Gaussian noises. The numerical simulations confirm the algorithm efficiency in each considered case. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to design a predefined-time convergent continuous control law for higher-order systems with incompletely measurable states subjected to both deterministic disturbances satisfying Lipschitz conditions and stochastic white Gaussian noises, using a linear time-varying control input.
추출 방법에 따른 금화규 꽃 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 성분 함량 분석
김나인(Nain Kim),최문희(Moon-Hee Choi),박길수(Gil-Su Park),신현재(Hyun-Jae Shin) 한국생물공학회 2021 KSBB Journal Vol.36 No.2
Aurea helianthus (AH), one of representative warm-temperature plant in southern Korea, is traditionally used in China for various medicinal purposes. The bioactive constituents from aerial parts of the AH leaf and stem as well as flowers have been studied by several researchers showing anti-inflammation, immune-modulatory, antioxidant, and whitening effects. However, the effects of the AH flower on the biological activities for cosmetic application have not been thoroughly investigated. This study reported the possible utilization of AH flower extracts (AHF) with different extraction methods and validated antioxidant and analysis of the bioactive components. The AHF was treated with hot water, cold water, 70% ethanol respectively. Besides component analysis of the extract, the antioxidant activities were determined with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and 2,2"-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. The 70% ethanol extracts showed the highest antioxidant activities and active ingredient contents like the total phenolic, flavonoid and sugar and protein contents. Interestingly, collagen contents and free amino acids analysis were determined maximum in the cold-water extracts. Then the diversification and standardization of extraction methods were to be studied further in the future. In summary, AHF are useful plant resources that can provides promising antioxidation and can be used as potential natural cosmetics ingredients and healthy foods.
소석회(Ca(OH) 2 )와 탄산칼슘(CaCO 3 )을 이용한 매립장 주변 중금속 오염 지하수 정화
송나인(Nain Song),이예선(Yesun Lee),이민희(Minhee Lee) 대한자원환경지질학회 2005 자원환경지질 Vol.38 No.3
소석회(Ca(OH) 2 )와 탄산칼슘(CaCO 3 )을 응집제로 이용한 화학적 응집/침전법으로 지하수로부터 중금속을 제거하는 실내 실험을 실시하였다. 비소(As), 카드뮴(Cd), 망간(Mn), 납(Pb), 아연(Zn)으로 오염시킨 인공오염수로부터 중금속을 제거하는 배치 실험 결과, 소석회를 이용한 경우, As과 Mn의 제거 효율은 0.3 wt.% 소석회 첨가만으로 90% 이상을 나타내었으며, Cd와 Zn의 경우 0.5 wt.% 첨가 시 약 75-85%의 제거 효율을 나타내었다. 탄산칼슘을 첨가한 경우 소석회 첨가에서 제거 율이 비교적 낮았던 Pb의 제거율이 매우 높게 나타나 0.1 wt.%의 첨가만으로 거의 100%를 제거할 수 있었으며, Cd의 제거율도 소석회보다 높게 나타나 1.0 wt.% 첨가시 93%이상의 제거율을 나타내었다. 그러나 As, Mn, Zn의 제거율은 약 30-50% 정도로 낮게 나타났다. 대형 칼럼 반응조를 이용한 중금속 제거 실험에서는, 응집제를 오염지하수에 첨가한 후 응집 제의 확산 유도와 응집제와 응집할 입자간의 접촉을 위해 급속 교반하였으며, 교반으로 인해 성장된 플럭(floc)의 침전을 유도하여 상등액과 침전입자를 분리함으로써 오염지하수로부터 중금속을 제거하였다. 소석회를 첨가한 칼럼실험의 경우, 앞서의 배치실험 결과와 같이 As는 1wt.%의 소석회 첨가에 의해서 침전 30분 이후에 99%이상의 제거 효율을 나타내었 다. Cd, Mn, Zn도 80-85%의 제거효과를 나타내어 높은 제거 효율을 나타내었으나, Pb의 제거 효율은 배치 실험의 결과와 같이 낮아 약 40%내외를 유지하였다. 소석회 침전 슬러지를 재활용하여 중금속 제거 실험을 반복 실시한 결과도 As, Mn, Cd에 대해서는 침전 슬러지 재활용 2회까지 평균 90%이상의 높은 제거율을 나타내었으며, Zn에 대해서는 70%내외 의 제거율을 나타내었다. 탄산칼슘을 이용한 칼럼실험에서는 Cd와 Pb의 경우 제거 효율이 높아, 침전 후 30분 이내에 95%이상이 제거되었다. Zn은 57%의 제거율을 나타내었으며, As와 Mn은 제거율이 낮아 약 40%정도가 제거되었 다. Fe와 Mn의 농도가 매우 높은 울산지역의 실제 매립장의 오염지하수를 대상으로 1wt.%의 소석회를 이용한 칼럼실험 결과, 두 원소 모두 96%이상의 제거율을 나타내어 소석회를 이용한 응집/침전법의 중금속 오염지하수 정화 효율이 매우 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. Coagulation and precipitation process by using lime(Ca(OH) 2 ) and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) were applied to remove heavy metals from groundwater in laboratory scale. From results of batch tests, by the addition of 0.3 wt.% lime, more than 90% of As and Mn were removed and 75-80% of Cd and Zn were removed by using 0.5 wt.% of lime. Removal efficiency of Pb almost reached 100% with only 0.1 wt.% of calcium carbonate and more than 93% of Cd were removed by the addition of 1.0 wt.% of calcium carbonate. Pilot scale column experiments were performed to remove heavy metals in the separation process of precipitated floc to supernatant after the coagulation/ precipitation. For lime as a coagulant, more than 99% of As were removed from artificial groundwater and removal efficiencies of Cd, Mn, and Zn were over 80%. By using calcium carbonate, more than 95% of Cd and Pb were removed in column experiment. Fe and Mn contaminated groundwater taken from a real landfill site, Ulsan was used for the column experiment and more than 99% of Fe and Mn were removed by the addition of 1 wt.% lime in column experiment, suggesting that the coagulation/precipitation process by using lime and calcium carbonate have a great possibility to remove heavy metals from contaminated groundwater.