조선후기 가집 편찬의 전통과 『고금가곡』

송안나 ( Song An-na ) 국제어문학회(구 국제어문학연구회) 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.89

『고금가곡』은 주제별 가집으로 알려졌으나 시조 작품을 내용별로 분류하여 가집에 수록하는 전통이 과연 어디에서 유래한 것인지는 그간 논의되지 못하였다. 당대 주류적 편찬 방식에서 벗어난 독특한 가집 정도로 평가받은 것이다. 그러나 가집의 작품들을 면밀히 검토한 결과 본 가집의 작품 편집 의식 기저에는 ‘내용별 편가(編歌)’의 구성이 자리 잡고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 단순히 유사한 내용들을 한데 묶어놓은 것이 아니라 정서의 고양, 혹은 상황의 점진적 고조에 따라 연결되는 작품들이 모여 있는 것이다. 이는 당대 가창 현장에서 향유된 하나의 개별적 편가들이라 할 수 있다. 한시와 가사류를 전반부에 수록하고 후반부에 시조를 싣는 편집 형태 역시 유래를 찾아보기 힘든 독특한 방식이다. 이러한 편제의 기원을 홍만종의 「청구영언서」와 「이원신보서」를 통해 추적한 결과 17세기 말까지 존재했을 것으로 보이는 가집 편찬 방식과 상당히 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 사대부들이 창작한 다양한 가창물과 시조 작품을 함께 수록한 점은 명공석사, 문인사객들의 장가걸작을 실은 홍만종의 『청구영언』과 유사하다. 작품을 내용별로 분류하는 관습 역시 「이원신보서」에서 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 이 가집은 단순히 개인적 취향이 반영된 독특한 대상으로만 이해해서는 안 될 것이다. 17세기 말 가집 편찬 전통의 한 양상을 계승하였으며 내용별 편가 편집 방식의 마지막 잔영을 확인할 수 있는 가집이 바로 『고금가곡』이라 할 수 있다. Gogeumgagok has been studied as a collection of sijos categorized by theme, but the origin of this tradition of compiling works into a collection has not been discussed. It has been evaluated as a unique method compared to mainstream compilations of that time. However, careful examination of the songs in the book reveals that performing arts (編歌) by Content is in the composition of the book’s editing ceremony. It is not just a collection of similar contents, but of works that gradually escalate the situation or provide an emotional upliftment. This is one of the individual artists enjoyed at the singing site of the time. The editing of Chinese poems and Gasa in the first half and sijo in the second half of Gogeumgagok is also unique. The origins of this compilation were traced back to Hong Man-jong’s “Cheongguyeongeon’s preface” and “Yiwon-shinbo’s preface,” which existed until the end of the 17th century. The combination of various songs and sijo works created by the nobility seems to be similar to Hong Man-jong’s Cheonggu-yeongeon, which also contained outstanding works by the nobility. The practice of classifying works by content was also found in “Yiwon-shinbo’s preface.” Therefore, the song-book should not only be understood as a unique object that reflects personal tastes, but as a successor to the late 17th century collection traditions. Furthermore, “Gogumagok” shows the last vestiges of the editing method of compilation by themes.

The Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between Inactive Chronic Hepatitis B and HBeAg Negative Hepatitis B with Virologic Response

( Seong Kyun Na ),( Byung-cheol Song ),( Eun Kwang Choi ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) suppress HCC development in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This study is aimed to compare incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and survival between inactive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and HBeAg(-) CHB patients with virologic response. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed NA-naïve inactive CHB patients (n=80) and HBeAg(-) CHB patients on entecavir with virologic response (VR, DNA<2000 IU/mL) (n=72) at Jeju National University Hopital in Jeju, Korea, between March 2007 and December 2010. Decompensated liver cirrhosis patients were excluded. Results: Median follow-up duration was 8.1 years (interquartile range[IQR] 7.0 - 9.0). Age, sex distribution were not different between two groups, however, patients with liver cirrhosis was higher in HBeAg(-) CHB group (8.8% versus 30.6%, P=0.001). During the follow up, one HCC (1.3%) and 10 HCCs (13.9%) were developed, in inactive group and HBeAg(-) CHB group, respectively. Estimated 10-year HCC incidence rates were 1.5% in inactive group and 25.4% in HBeAg(-) CHB group (P<0.001). Progression to decompensation was comparable (no event in inactive group, one hepatic encephalopathy in HBeAg(-) CHB group, P=0.278). Liver-related death was also similar (no death in inactive group, one death in HBeAg(-) CHB group, P=0.278). In multivariable analysis, HBeAg(-) CHB (adjusted hazard ratio[aHR] 10.17 (95% confidence interval[CI] 1.20-86.29), P=0.034) and liver cirrhosis (aHR 11.02 (95% CI 2.61-46.63), P=0.001) were significant risk factors for HCC. Conclusions: Between inactive CHB patients and HBeAg(-) CHB patients on entecavir with VR, overall survival was comparable. However, HCC incidence was significantly higher in HBeAg(-) CHB patients with VR.

Canine susceptibility to human influenza viruses (A/pdm 09H1N1, A/H3N2 and B)

Song, Daesub,Kim, Hyekwon,Na, Woonsung,Hong, Minki,Park, Seong-Jun,Moon, Hyoungjoon,Kang, Bokyu,Lyoo, Kwang-Soo,Yeom, Minjoo,Jeong, Dae Gwin,An, Dong-Jun,Kim, Jeong-Ki Society for General Microbiology 2015 The Journal of general virology Vol.96 No.2

<P>We investigated the infectivity and transmissibility of the human seasonal H3N2, pandemic (pdm) H1N1 (2009) and B influenza viruses in dogs. Dogs inoculated with human seasonal H3N2 and pdm H1N1 influenza viruses exhibited nasal shedding and were seroconverted against the viruses; this did not occur in the influenza B virus-inoculated dogs. Transmission of human H3N2 virus between dogs was demonstrated by observing nasal shedding and seroconversion in naïve dogs after contact with inoculated dogs. The seroprevalence study offered evidence of human H3N2 infection occurring in dogs since 2008. Furthermore, serological evidence of pdm H1N1 influenza virus infection alone and in combination with canine H3N2 virus was found in the serum samples collected from field dogs during 2010 and 2011. Our results suggest that dogs may be hosts for human seasonal H3N2 and pdm H1N1 influenza viruses.</P>

Energy storage capabilities of nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles fabricated through rapid pyrolysis

Yun, Young Soo,Kim, Yu Hyun,Song, Min Yeong,Kim, Na Rae,Ku, Kyojin,An, Ji Su,Kang, Kisuk,Choi, Hyoung Jin,Jin, Hyoung-Joon Elsevier 2016 Journal of Power Sources Vol.331 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nanostructured pyropolymers contain significant amounts of redox-active heteroatoms, have high specific surface areas, and a defective carbon microstructure, indicating good potential for pseudocapacitive charge storage. In this study, nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) are fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>. N-PNs-50 exhibit a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt%, a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>, and an amorphous carbon structure with an I<SUB> <I>D</I> </SUB>/I<SUB> <I>G</I> </SUB> intensity ratio of 0.95. These unique characteristics lead to good electrochemical performances, in which reversible capacities of 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively, with favorable voltage characteristics (<1.5 V for Li-ions and <1.2 V for Na-ions). This study provides a more feasible production method for nitrogen-doped pyropolymers and their practicable electrochemical performances for use as an anode in energy storage devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nanostructured pyropolymers (N-PNs-50) were fabricated by rapid pyrolysis. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a nitrogen content of 9.8 wt% and amorphous carbon structure. </LI> <LI> N-PNs-50 exhibited a high specific surface area of 875.8 m<SUP>2</SUP> g<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> 660 and 255 mAh g<SUP>−1</SUP> were achieved for Li-ion and Na-ion storage, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrogen-enriched pyropolymer nanoparticles (N-PNs-50) were fabricated from polyaniline nanotubes through rapid pyrolysis at 50 °C min<SUP>−1</SUP>, showing superior electrochemical performances.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

액상 TiO₂를 이용한 Rhodamine B 광촉매 분해

나영수,김도한,이송우,송승구 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 環境硏究報 Vol.16 No.-

Rhodamine B 광분해 반응성을 연구하기 위하여 UV, TiO_2 그리고 TiO_2와 UV를 동시에 사용하여 염료 분해 실험을 행하였다. 그리고 pH, 초기 Rhodamine B 농도와 TiO_2 투여 농도에 대한 염료 분해에 관하여 실험하였다. 이때 TiO_2와 UV를 동시에 사용한 경우가 가장 높은 분해속도를 나타내었으며, TiO_2 투여량 증가와 pH가 높을 수록 분해효율이 증가하였으며, 초기 염료 농도가 높을 수록 감소하였다. 그리고 분해 속도는 pseudo-1st order로 나타났다. The photocatalytic activation of Rhodamine B in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions has been studied and compared with different methods: UV Light, TiO_2, and TiO_2 with UV illumination. The influence of pH, initial Rhodamine B concentration and TiO_2 concentration on reaction rate has been investigated in detail. The photocatalytic degradation with TiO_2 and UV illumination showed higher activity than only UV or TiO_2. Reaction rate Increased with TiO_2 concentration and pH but decreased with initial Rhodamine B concentration. The decomposition showed pseudo-1st order reaction.

착한 야만인에서 부패한 인디오로

나송주 세계문학비교학회 2003 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.8 No.-

El propo′sito de este estudio es mostrar co′mo se cambia la visio′n sobre los indi′genos del buen salvaje al ba′rbaro corrupto. Se describe a las poblaciones nativas del Nuevo Mundo como victimas de la crueldad y codicia de los conquistadores espan~oles en la primera e′poca colonialista. Pero esta idea ideal con respecto a los indi′denos da la vuelta dra′stica pasando el tiempo. Asi′ la querella sobre la capacidad inteletual y religiosa sobre los indigenas americanos representa esa visi′on contraria por Bartolome′ de la Casas y Juan Gine′s de Sepu′lveda. El tratado que Las Casas leyo′ ante los jueces del consejo real convocado en Valladolid aquel an~o estaba intima a saber: que′ clase de seres eran los aborigenes americanos y que′ aptitudes tenian para convertirse a la religio′n cristiana y adquirir la civilizacio′n europea. Ya el titulo de la obra Defensa contra los perseguidores y calumniadores de las gentes del Neuvo Mundo descubierto del otro lado del mar , que Las Casas escribio′ despue′s, da′ndole una forma definitiva y con la cual creyo′ demoler los argumentos de su oponente, el erudito renacionista Sepu′lveda, indica su principal objetivo. En este estudio tratamos de la agria disputa sobre los indigenas americanos, la cual sosteniero. Las Casas y su oponente refirie′ndose a sus dia′logos concretos. Las Casas como un defensor humanista de los indi′genas, mientras Sepu′lveda declaro′ sus antiguas ha′bitos de holgazaneria, desnudez, creencia en brujos, ebriedad, etc. Tambie′n aqui ponemos de relieve la dicotomia de salvaje y civilizacio′n, la cual los espan~oles utilizaron para governar a los indi′genas americanos y con la cual aque′llos se consideraron superiores a e′stos.

라스 까사스와 세뿔베다의 인디오에 대한 논쟁

나송주 이베로아메리카연구소 부산외국어대학교 2002 이베로아메리카 Vol.4 No.-

La querella sobre la capacidad intelectual y religiosa de los indi´genas americanos fueron sostenida en 1550 por Bartolome´ de Las Casas y Juan Gine´s de Sepu´lveda. El tratado que Las Casas leyo´ ante los jueces del consejo real convocado en Valladolid aquel an~o estaba i´ntima a saber: que´ clase de seres eran los abori´genes americanos y que´ aptitudes teni´an para convertirse a la religio´n cristiana y adquirir la civilizacio´n europea. Ya el ti´tulo de la obra Defensa contra los perseguidores y calumniadores de las gentes del Neuvo Mundo descubierto del otro lado del mar, que Las Casas escribio´ despue´s, da´ndodle una forma definitiva y con la cual creyo´ demoler los argumentos de su oponente, el erudito renacionista Sepu´lveda, indica su principal objectivo. En est estudio tratamos de la agria disputa sobre los indi´genas americanos, la cual sostenieron Las Casas y su oponente refirie´ndos a sus dia´logos concretos. Las Casas como un defensor humanista de los indi´genas, mientras Sepu´lveda declaro´ sus antiguas ha´bitos de holgazaneri´a, desnudez, creencia an brujos, ebriedad, etc. Tambie´n aqui´ ponemos de relieve la dicotonomi´a de salvaje y civilizacio´n, la cual los espan~oles utilizaron para governar a los indi´genas americanos y con la cual aque´llos se consideraron superiores a e´stos. El amargo pleito de Valladolid no produjo evidentement ninguna desicio´n absoluta. Pero lo que parece cierto y comu´n en la querella entre ellos seri´a: no so´lo Las Casas sino tambie´n Sepu´lveda tomaron por sus bases teo´ricas la dicotonomi´a de salvaje y civilizacio´n para convertir las religiones indegenas en la cristiana y justificar sus colonizacio´n del Nuevo Mundo durante la expansio´n de Europa.

개에서 발생한 동맥관개존증 치료 증례

조나영,박성준,최호정,정성목,송근호 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2012 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.1

A Bicon Frise (7-month-old, intact female, B.W.: 3.5kg) was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with the history of the murmur which was picked up during routine vaccination. The grade 3 of continuous murmur was identified on the auscultation. In the thoracic radiography, descending aorta and main pulmonary artery were enlarged and vertebral cardiac scale (VHS) was 10. In the echocardiography, turbulent and continuous positive flow was identified in the pulmonary artery at the right parasternal short axis view. We found the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) connected the main pulmonary artery with the aorta by CT image. So, the diagnosis of PDA was made. The continuous murmur was not identified on the auscultation after surgical correction was achieved by ligation of PDA.

자궁경부암 선별검진을 위한 PapSure 검사에서 Spiral Brush의 유용성에 관한 연구

송언호,김어진,명나혜,박충학 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2002 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.13 No.4

2001년 12월 1일부터 2002년 6월 30일까지 만 7개월 간 단국대학교의료원 산부인과 부인종양 Clinic에서 자궁경부암 선별검진을 위한 PapSure 검사를 시행한 환자 중 SpiraBrush Cx_® 검사를 실시한 33예를 대상으로 하여, 기존의 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 진단과 SPiraBrush Cx_®)에 의한 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 진단 및 최종적인 병리조직학적 진단을 비교, 분석하여 SpiraBrush Cx_®에 의한 세포진 검사가 생검에 의한 조직검사를 대체할만한 유용성이 있는지 그 여부를 조사하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 환자의 연령별 분포는 21세에서 70세까지였으며 40-49세 군이 42%로 가장 많은 분포를 보였고, 평균 연령은 45.7세였다. 2. 환자의 평균 임신횟수는 3.6회였으며, 평균 출산횟수는 2.0회였다. 3. 기존의 자궁경부 세포진 검사(Conventional Papanicolaou cytology)상 진단이 음성으로 나온 경우가 19예(57.6%)였고, ASC를 포함하여 양성으로 나온 경우가 14예(42.4%)였다. 자궁경부 형광경진 검사(Speculoscopy)에서는 음성이 13예(39.4%)였고, Suspicious 진단을 포함하여 양성으로 나온 경우가 20예(60.6%)였다. SpiraBrush Cx®에 의한 세포진 검사(SpiraBrush Cx_® Papanicolaou cytology)에서는 진단이 음성인 경우가 8예(24.2%)였고, ASC를 포함하여 양성으로 나온 경우가 25예(75.8%)였다. 4. 병리조직학적 검사의 진단은 음성 12예(52.2%), 저등급 편평상피내병변(Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion: 이하 LSIL이라 함) 2예(8.7%), 고등급 편평상피내병변(High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial lesoin: 이하 HSIL이라 함) 3예(13.0%), 편평세포암(Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 이하 SCC라 함) 6예(26.1%)였다. 5. 검사 결과의 양성판정 기준을 세포진 검사의 경우는 ASC 이상으로 하고 조직학적 검사의 경우는 LSIL이상으로 정할 경우, 기존의 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 민감도는 63.6%이고 특이도는 66.7%였으며, SpiraBrush Cx_®세포진 검사의 민감도는 90.9%이고 특이도는 33.3%였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 연구 대상의 숫자가 적어서 통계학적인 유의성은 찾을 수 없으나 SpiraBrush Cx_®가 자궁경부암 선별검진에서 생검에 의한 자궁경부의 조직학적 진단을 대체하지는 않는다고 판단된다. 그러나 기존의 Papanicolaou 세포진 검사의 민감도가 63.6%인데 반하여 SpiraBrush Cx_® 세포진 검사의 민감도는 90.9%로 훨씬 더 높았으며 이로 인해 SpiraBrush Cx_® 세포진 검사의 특이도는 33.3%로 훨씬 낮았는데 이는 매우 흥미있는 사실로서 향후 많은 Data로 더욱 연구하여 진위를 구분함이 필요하리라 사료된다. 또한 본 연구에서는 SpiraBrush Cx_® 기구의 강모들이 단단하고 날카로워서 기저막층까지의 조직과 상피층 세포들을 탈락시키면서 많은 출혈을 초래하여 슬라이드 판독에 어려움을 주었고 이는 연구 결과에 지대한 영향을 미쳤으리라고 생각되는 바, 이러한 출혈로 인한 요인을 최대한 배제하기 위하며 향후 SpiraBrush Cx_® 세포를 채취한 후 최신의 자궁경부 세포진 검사법인 ThinPrep Pap Test를 이용하거나 조직표본을 만들기 위한 Cellblock 기법을 사용하여야 한다고 판단된다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of a new stiff bristled spiral shaped brush (SpiraBrush Cx_(??))∼in) PapSure Test for cervical cancer screening, by comparing SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic diagnoses with conventional Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses and final histologic diagnoses. Methods : This study was performed in Gynecologic Oncology Clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dankook University Medical Center from December I, 2001 to June 30, 2002. Thirty three cases who underwent PapSure Test (Pap cytology t Speculoscopy) were analyzed. SpiraBrush Cx_(??) Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses were compared with conventional Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses and histologic diagnoses as a reference standard. Results : Followings are the results summarized. 1. Age distribution was between 21 and 70. The mean age was 45.7 years. 2. The mean gravidity was 3.6 and the mean parity was 2.0. 3. There were 19 (57.6%) conventional Papanicolaou cytologic diagnoses of Negative, and 14 (42.4%) of Positive including ASC. There were 13 (39.4%) Speculoscopy diagnoses of Negative, and 20 (60.6%) of Positive including Suspicious. There were 8 (24.2%) SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic diagnoses of Negative and 25 (75.8%) of Positive including ASC. 4. There were 12 (52.2%) histologic diagnoses of Negative, 2 (8.7%) of LSIL, 3 (13.0%) of HSIL, and 6 (26.1%) of SCC, according to the criteria of TBS, 2001. 5. For detecting LSIL or worse lesions, conventional Papanicolaou cytologic test yielded sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 66.7%. On the other hand, SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic test yielded sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 33.3%. Conclusion : SpiraBrush Cx_(??) cytologic diagnosis does not seem to have clinical efficacy replacing the histologic diagnosis by punch biopsy in cervical cancer screening in this study. But further studies using ThinPrep Pap Test or Cellblock techniques with large data will be required and anticipated.

겔 투과 크로마토그라피법에 의한 페 메타크릴산메칠수지와 스티렌계열수지화합물의 열분해 메카니즘에 관한 연구

나상도,설수덕 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.2

The mechanism of thermal degradation in blend of polymethyl methacrylate (PMIMA), styrene Copolymers such as (α-styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Copolymer(SAN), (acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylonitri1e)terpolymer(ABS) were analyzed using the thermal analysis, gel permeation chromatography, pyrolysis gas chromatography and infra-red apectroscopy in the stream of nitrogen. · It has been shown that the depolymerization of blends were a radical chain reaction and that degradation in the region of 300-400 C is associated with initiation by scission of the polymer at random along its length to from radicals. · The dominant process in the degradation of PMMA-PS blend was main chain scission randomly due to weak link except PMMA-SAW and PMMA-ABS blend below 300 ℃ under nitrogen environment. · The aimplest depolymerization reaction is that of PMMA from which monomer is obtained 90% over is PS, SAN and ABS blends.