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Cho, Ha Yeon,Cho, Hyo Je,Kim, Myung Hee,Kang, Beom Sik Elsevier 2011 FEBS letters Vol.585 No.12
<P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► A channel to the heme in DosS can be blocked by E87. ► DosT has an open channel to heme due to G85. ► DosS mutants with an open channel bind oxygen when they are exposed to air. ► DosT mutant is oxidized similarly to DosS without formation of an oxy-ferrous form.</P> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Two sensor kinases, DosS and DosT, are responsible for recognition of hypoxia in <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I>. Both proteins are structurally similar to each other, but DosS is a redox sensor while DosT binds oxygen. The primary difference between the two proteins is the channel to the heme present in their GAF domains. DosS has a channel that is blocked by E87 while DosT has an open channel. Absorption spectra of DosS mutants with an open channel show that they bind oxygen as DosT does when they are exposed to air, while DosT G85E mutant is oxidized similarly to DosS without formation of an oxy-ferrous form. This suggests that oxygen accessibility to heme is the primary factor governing the oxygen-binding properties of these proteins.</P>
Cho, Soo Youn,Ha, Sang Yun,Huang, Song-Mei,Kim, Jeong Hoon,Kang, Myung Soo,Yoo, Hae-Yong,Kim, Hyeon-ho,Park, Cheol-Keun,Um, Sung-Hee,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Seok-Hyung Science and Technology Letters 2014 MEDICAL ONCOLOGY -NORTHWOOD THEN BASINGSTOKE THEN Vol.31 No.11
<P>Smad3 functions as an integrator of diverse signaling, including transforming growth factor 관 signaling and the function of Smad3 is complexly regulated by differential phosphorylation at various sites of Smad3. Despite the importance of Smad3 and its various phosphoisoforms, their prognostic significance has rarely been studied. In this study, we demonstrated the prognostic significance of Smad3, its phosphoisoforms, and Smad4 expression by immunohistochemistry in 126 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The phosphoisoforms of Smad3 studied in this article included phosphorylation at C-terminal (pSmad3C)(Ser(423/425)) and phosphorylation at the linker region (pSmad3L)(Ser(213)). High expression of Smad3 was associated with shorter overall survival. Co-existence of high expression of pSmad3L(S213) and low expression of pSmad3C(S423/425) were associated with advanced N stage and an independent prognostic factor for overall [hazard ratio (HR) 2.03, 95 % confidence interval (CI) (1.10-3.75), p = 0.023] and disease-free survival [HR 2.41, 95 % CI (1.32-4.39), p = 0.004]. In conclusion, co-existence of high pSmad3L(Ser(213)) expression and low pSmad3C(Ser(423/425)) expression can be considered as immunohistochemical biomarkers for predicting prognosis as well as future therapeutic targets. In addition, our results of combinatory effect of differential phosphorylation of Smad3 on prognosis suggest the mode of action of Smad3 might be logically determined by its phosphorylation pattern.</P>
Cho, Myung Hyun,Yoo, Ha Yeong,Kwak, Byung Ok,Park, Hye Won,Chung, Sochung,Kim, Soo Nyung,Son, Jae Sung,Kim, Kyo sun Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology 2015 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.19 No.2
Purpose: The aim of this study was to establish a simple formula to predict renal length in children using a Technesium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan data, and to compare it with the formula derived from ultrasonography, which is widely accepted. Methods: Children who underwent a DMSA scan and ultrasonography were reviewed retrospectively, and those who had anatomical urinary tract abnormalities or urinary tract infections were excluded. Results: A total of 230 children (84 males and 146 females; age, 1 month to 16 years; mean age, $16.8{\pm}27.4$ months). Mean renal length measured by DMSA scan was longer than that by ultrasonography ($6.38{\pm}1.16$ vs. $6.02{\pm}1.14cm$; P < 0.001). Renal length was correlated with age, weight, height, and body surface area on the DMSA scan and ultrasonography, and showed the strongest positive correlation with height. The following formulae were established to predict renal length: mean renal length (cm) = 5.433 ${\times}$ height (m) + 2.330 (R2, 0.833) using the DMSA scan data, and mean renal length (cm) = 5.367 ${\times}$ height (m) + 2.027 (R2, 0.853) using ultrasonography data. Conclusion: We propose a simple height-based formula to predict renal length in children using a DMSA scan data, and validate it by comparing with ultrasonography formula.
Ha, Na-Young,Sharma, Prashant,Kim, Gwanghun,Kim, Yuri,Min, Chan-Ki,Choi, Myung-Sik,Kim, Ik-Sang,Cho, Nam-Hyuk Public Library of Science 2015 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.9 No.3
<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by <I>Orientia tsutsugamushi</I> infection. Recently, the rapid increase of scrub typhus incidence in several countries within the endemic region has become a serious public health issue. Despite the wide range of preventative approaches that have been attempted in the past 70 years, all have failed to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine. Currently, the selection of the proper antigens is one of the critical barriers to generating cross-protective immunity against antigenically-variable strains of <I>O</I>. <I>tsutsugamushi</I>.</P><P><B>Methodology/Principal Findings</B></P><P>We examined the potential role of ScaA protein, an autotransporter protein of <I>O</I>. <I>tsutsugamushi</I>, in bacterial pathogenesis and evaluated the protective attributes of ScaA immunization in lethal <I>O</I>. <I>tsutsugamushi</I> infection in mice. Our findings demonstrate that ScaA functions as a bacterial adhesion factor, and anti-ScaA antibody significantly neutralizes bacterial infection of host cells. In addition, immunization with ScaA not only provides protective immunity against lethal challenges with the homologous strain, but also confers significant protection against heterologous strains when combined with TSA56, a major outer membrane protein of <I>O</I>. <I>tsutsugamushi</I>.</P><P><B>Conclusions/Significance</B></P><P>Immunization of ScaA proteins provides protective immunity in mice when challenged with the homologous strain and significantly enhanced protective immunity against infection with heterologous strains. To our knowledge, this is the most promising result of scrub typhus vaccination trials against infection of heterologous strains in mouse models thus far.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Scrub typhus, caused by <I>Orientia tsutsugamushi</I> infection, is one of the common febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region, accounting for up to 20% of febrile hospital admissions in rural areas of southern Asia. It has been estimated that one billion people are at risk and one million cases occur annually in the Asian-Pacific region. Despite continuous efforts to develop a vaccine against scrub typhus during the last several decades, all approaches have failed to induce effective immunity. The main issue for the development of a scrub typhus vaccine is the selection of proper antigens that cover a broad range of antigenic strains and induce long-lasting immunity. Here, we examined the potential use of ScaA protein as a vaccine antigen. Our findings demonstrate that ScaA protein functions as a bacterial adhesion factor and an antibody against ScaA significantly inhibits bacterial infection into host cells. In addition, ScaA vaccination provides protective immunity against lethal challenges of the homologous strain, and also confers better protection against heterologous strains when combined with TSA56, the major outer membrane protein that was previously used as a potential vaccine antigen. These results indicate that ScaA proteins could be used as a novel vaccine target for scrub typhus.</P></▼2>
Myung H. Cho,Sang T. Ha,Jung Y. Yoo,Hyoung Gwon Choi 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.9
In the present study, a fractional three-step P2P1 finite element method (FEM) for solving the unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, which is a variation of P1P1 four-step splitting FEM [1], was compared with conventional one-step time-integration schemes in terms of the CPU time and convergence characteristics of an iterative solver by the solution of some benchmark problems. One-step time-integration schemes were temporarily discretized by either the Crank-Nicolson or the Adams-Bashforth method. Fractional three-step P2P1 FEM consists of three steps: a non-linear momentum equation with the pressure in the previous time step is solved to obtain an intermediate velocity field by the Crank-Nicolson method in the first step and another intermediate velocity field is calculated using the pressure in the previous time step in the second step, and a divergence-free constraint is imposed in the last step to update the pressure field, in which a symmetric saddle-point type matrix (SPTM) is solved. It was shown that the fractional three-step method is more efficient than one-step time-integration schemes because a symmetric SPTM is assembled only once during the entire computation and solved once at each time-step; further, the cost of solving the nonlinear momentum equation in a fully-implicit manner is relatively low. Furthermore, the proposed method was found to be more stable than one-step time-integration schemes as it provided stable solutions at higher CFL numbers.
Cho, Soo Young,Park, A Reum,Yoon, Myung Ha,Lee, Hyung Gon,Kim, Woong Mo,Choi, Jeong Il The Korean Pain Society 2013 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.26 No.1
Background: Nefopam, a non-opiate analgesic, has been regarded as a substance that reduces the requirement for morphine, but conflicting results have also been reported. The inhibition of monoamine reuptake is a mechanism of action for the analgesia of nefopam. The spinal cord is an important site for the action of monoamines however, the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal nefopam was not clear. This study was performed to examine the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal (i.t.) nefopam and the pattern of pharmacologic interaction with i.t. morphine in the formalin test. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an i.t. catheter, and were randomly treated with a vehicle, nefopam, or morphine. Formalin was injected into the hind-paw 10 min. after an i.t. injection of the above experiment drugs. After obtaining antinociceptive $ED_{50}$ of nefopam and morphine, the mixture of nefopam and morphine was tested for the antinociceptive effect in the formalin test at a dose of 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 of $ED_{50}$, or $ED_{50}$ of each drug followed by an isobolographic analysis. Results: Intrathecal nefopam significantly reduced the flinching responses in both phases of the formalin test in a dose-dependent manner. Its effect, however, peaked at a dose of $30{\mu}g$ in phase 1 (39.8% of control) and $10{\mu}g$ during phase 2 (37.6% of control). The isobolograhic analysis indicated an additive interaction of nefopam and morphine during phase 2, and a synergy effect in antinociception during phase 1. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that i.t. nefopam produces an antinociceptive effect in formalin induced pain behavior during both phases of the formalin test, while interacting differently with i.t. morphine, synergistically during phase 1, and additively during phase 2.
( Ha Na Yang ),( Hye Won Kim ),( Myung Gyu Kim ),( Sang Kyung Jo ),( Won Yong Cho ),( Hyoung Kyu Kim ) 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.3
Purpose: The prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide and was recently reported to be up to 13.7% in general population in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CKD in subjects undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). Methods: Six hundred six subjects who underwent CAG in Korea University Anam Hospital during the time frame of 4 months were included and prevalence of CKD was estimated by using K/DOQI guideline with MDRD equation. Coronary artery disease was defined as one or more significant stenosis (50% or more) at CAG. Results: The prevalence of CKD was 36.4%. The proportion of hypertension and diabetes, the well- known risk factors of CKD were not different with general population. The prevalence of coronary artery disease was not different between two groups with or without CKD. Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD in subjects who undergo CAG is higher than that in general population (36.4% vs. 13.7%). It seems to be related with or other factors than hypertension and diabetes. Subsequently, using contrast media to this population might carry a higher risk of developing contrast induced acute kidney injury. More attention to assessing kidney function before CAG in this population is needed.