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Lee, Hee Joong,Do, Jin Hwan,Bae, Sumi,Yang, Sanghwa,Zhang, Xianglon,Lee, Ahwon,Choi, Young Jin,Park, Dong Choon,Ahn, Woong Shick Science and Technology Letters 2011 MEDICAL ONCOLOGY -NORTHWOOD THEN BASINGSTOKE THEN Vol.28 No.1
<P>Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) is a member of glutathione peroxidase family, exerting one of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against stress signals, including oxidative damage. In this study, the expression of GPX3 mRNA and protein was analyzed for ovarian cancer tissues to test its applicability as a biomarker that can distinguish the four major histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer. A public microarray dataset containing 99 ovarian cancer and 4 normal ovary samples was downloaded, and GPX3 mRNA expression was analyzed. The expression of GPX3 protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining in 40 epithelial ovarian cancer tissues, 10 for each of the serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell type. Histoscores were made from the immunohistostaining, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to quantitate the differences in protein level. Analysis of genomic dataset confirms a GPX3 overexpression in clear cell type ovarian adenocarcinoma compared with normal ovary and 3 other subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer at mRNA level. GPX3 also shows the highest average antibody staining intensities in clear cell type ovarian adenocarcinomas over the other 3 types in immunostaining on tissue arrays. This is the first validation of GPX3 as a clear cell type-specific biomarker in ovarian cancer patients' tissues by immunostaining. GPX3 may serve as an important molecular marker for the diagnosis and molecular understanding of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary.</P>
Lim, J. E.,Sung, J. K.,Sarkar, B.,Wang, H.,Hashimoto, Y.,Tsang, D. C.,Ok, Y. S. Science and Technology Letters 2017 Environmental geochemistry and health Vol.39 No.2
<P>Metal stabilization using soil amendments is an extensively applied, economically viable and environmentally friendly remediation technique. The stabilization of Pb, Zn and As in contaminated soils was evaluated using natural starfish (NSF) and calcined starfish (CSF) wastes at different application rates (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 wt%). An incubation study was conducted over 14 months, and the efficiency of stabilization for Pb, Zn and As in soil was evaluated by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. The TCLP-extractable Pb was reduced by 76.3-100 and 91.2-100 % in soil treated with NSF and CSF, respectively. The TCLP-extractable Zn was also reduced by 89.8-100 and 93.2-100 % in soil treated with NSF and CSF, respectively. These reductions could be associated with the increased metal adsorption and the formation of insoluble metal precipitates due to increased soil pH following application of the amendments. However, the TCLP-extractable As was increased in the soil treated with NSF, possibly due to the competitive adsorption of phosphorous. In contrast, the TCLP-extractable As in the 10 % CSF treatment was not detectable because insoluble Ca-As compounds might be formed at high pH values. Thermodynamic modeling by visual MINTEQ predicted the formation of ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)(3)(OH)(12)center dot 26H(2)O) and portlandite (Ca(OH)(2)) in the 10 % CSF-treated soil, while SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the needle-like structure of ettringite in which Pb was incorporated and stabilized in the 10 % CSF treatment.</P>
Exposure factors of cadmium for residents in an abandoned metal mine area in Korea
Ahn, Seung Chul,Chang, Jun Young,Lee, Jung Sub,Yu, Hwa Yon,Jung, A-Ra,Kim, Jee-Young,Choi, Jong-Woo,Hong, Young-Seoub,Do Yu, Seung,Choi, Kyounghee Science and Technology Letters 2017 Environmental geochemistry and health Vol.39 No.5
<P>This study evaluated blood and urine cadmium (Cd) levels and human exposure factors for residents in an abandoned metal mine in Korea. We collected blood, urine, soil, water, and rice grain samples to analyze Cd concentrations and analyzed heavy metal concentration patterns in soil. We estimated the major exposure factor of Cd through non-carcinogenic risk assessment depending on exposure routes. The blood Cd concentration in the case group was 5.33 μg/L (geometric mean), significantly higher than that in the control group (1.63 μg/L, geometric mean). Urine Cd concentrations were also similar. The Cd concentrations in paddy soil (1.29 mg/kg) and rice grains (0.14 mg/kg) in the study area were higher than those in the control area (0.91 and 0.07 mg/kg, respectively). The analysis of heavy metal concentration in soil showed that the Cd levels in agricultural soil in the case group were attributable to the mine. The hazard quotient (HQ) of Cd by rice ingestion in the case group (1.25) was 2 times higher than that in the control group (0.6). We found that the HQ of rice ingestion contributed to more than 97 % of the total HQ, indicating that rice grains were the major exposure source. However, it is likely that the continuous intake of Cd-exposed crops led to chronic exposure among the residents in mine area.</P>
Cho, Soo Youn,Ha, Sang Yun,Huang, Song-Mei,Kim, Jeong Hoon,Kang, Myung Soo,Yoo, Hae-Yong,Kim, Hyeon-ho,Park, Cheol-Keun,Um, Sung-Hee,Kim, Kyung-Hee,Kim, Seok-Hyung Science and Technology Letters 2014 MEDICAL ONCOLOGY -NORTHWOOD THEN BASINGSTOKE THEN Vol.31 No.11
<P>Smad3 functions as an integrator of diverse signaling, including transforming growth factor 관 signaling and the function of Smad3 is complexly regulated by differential phosphorylation at various sites of Smad3. Despite the importance of Smad3 and its various phosphoisoforms, their prognostic significance has rarely been studied. In this study, we demonstrated the prognostic significance of Smad3, its phosphoisoforms, and Smad4 expression by immunohistochemistry in 126 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The phosphoisoforms of Smad3 studied in this article included phosphorylation at C-terminal (pSmad3C)(Ser(423/425)) and phosphorylation at the linker region (pSmad3L)(Ser(213)). High expression of Smad3 was associated with shorter overall survival. Co-existence of high expression of pSmad3L(S213) and low expression of pSmad3C(S423/425) were associated with advanced N stage and an independent prognostic factor for overall [hazard ratio (HR) 2.03, 95 % confidence interval (CI) (1.10-3.75), p = 0.023] and disease-free survival [HR 2.41, 95 % CI (1.32-4.39), p = 0.004]. In conclusion, co-existence of high pSmad3L(Ser(213)) expression and low pSmad3C(Ser(423/425)) expression can be considered as immunohistochemical biomarkers for predicting prognosis as well as future therapeutic targets. In addition, our results of combinatory effect of differential phosphorylation of Smad3 on prognosis suggest the mode of action of Smad3 might be logically determined by its phosphorylation pattern.</P>
Han, Ji-Youn,Lee, Dae Ho,Lee, Sung Young,Park, Chun Gun,Kim, Hae Young,Kim, Eun-A,Yoon, Sung Min,Lee, Hong Gi,Lee, Jin Soo Science and Technology Letters 2005 MEDICAL ONCOLOGY -NORTHWOOD THEN BASINGSTOKE THEN Vol.22 No.3
<P>Irinotecan/cisplatin (IP) is an active regimen for extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). However, the optimal dose/schedule is unsettled. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dose-intensified, weekly concomitant administration of IP, we conducted a phase II study in chemo-naive patients with ED-SCLC. Between October 2001 and February 2004, 37 patients were enrolled. Twenty-nine (78%) were male, 21 (57%) had ECOG PS 0 or 1, and the median age was 62 yr. The initial six patients received cisplatin 50 mg/m2 followed by irinotecan 90 mg/m2 iv on d 1 and 8 of a 21-d cycle (dose level I), with one treatment-related death, three febrile neutropenias. Thereafter, the doses of cisplatin and irinotecan were reduced to 40 mg/m2 and 80 mg/m2, respectively (dose level II). The treatment was continued for up to six cycles. The overall response rate was 97%, with a complete response (CR) rate of 26%. The median duration of response was 6.4 mo (range, 1.6-13.1 mo). At a median follow-up of 27.3 mo, the median survival time was 11.1 mo and 1- and 2-yr survival rates were 44.1% and 11.8%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.0 mo (range, 1.5-13.1 mo) and 1-year PFS rate was 7%. Major grade 3 or 4 toxicities included neutropenia (89%), anemia (59%), and diarrhea (27%). Despite of significant myelosuppresion, this dose-intensified weekly concomitant administration of cisplatin and irinotecan was feasible. This dose-schedule showed promising activity with high rate of complete remission in patients with ED-SCLC.</P>
Kim, L.,Jeon, J. W.,Son, J. Y.,Park, M. K.,Kim, C. S.,Jeon, H. J.,Nam, T. H.,Kim, K.,Park, B. J.,Choi, S. D. Science and Technology Letters 2017 Environmental geochemistry and health Vol.39 No.2
<P>For monitoring and risk assessment, levels and distributions of I (29) pound PCBs in paddy soil samples collected from Gwangyang (10 sites) and Ulsan (20 sites), heavily industrialized cities in Korea, were investigated using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Overall, total concentrations of I (29) pound PCBs in Gwangyang (216.4-978.6 pg g(-1) dw) and Ulsan (273.8-1824.1 pg g(-1) dw) were higher than those (106.6-222.6 pg g(-1) dw) in agricultural soil from Anseong in Korea. The TEQ (toxic equivalency) values from Gwangyang (0.06-0.40 ng TEQ kg(-1) dw) and Ulsan (0.06-0.22 ng TEQ kg(-1) dw) were higher than those (0.04-0.11 ng TEQ kg(-1) dw) in Anseong but lower than the WHO threshold level (20 ng TEQ kg(-1)). However, one of the most toxic congeners, PCB 126, gave the highest concentration, possibly posing a risk to the biota. Seven indicator PCB congeners contributed to 50-80% of the total concentration of I (29) pound PCBs, indicating the 7 PCBs can be used as valuable indicators for monitoring. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis for the homologue profiles of PCBs indicated that all the samples from both cities had the similar PCB contamination patterns, and the major sources of the PCB contamination were most likely from the usage of Aroclor 1254 than those of Aroclors 1242 and 1260. These PCB technical mixtures were possibly significantly used by various industries including iron and steel industries in Gwangyang and petrochemical and shipbuilding industries in Ulsan.</P>