역사적 사건의 상징화와 집합적 정체성 : 기념비, 조형물의 문화적 기능을 중심으로 Cultural Meaning of the Nam-San in Modern Korea

박명규 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 2001 한국사회과학 Vol.23 No.2

이 연구는 특정한 사건이나 공간에 대한 사회적 기념행위를 과거 역사에 대한 집합적 해석의 일환으로 파악함으로써 문화적인 형식 속에 나타나는 기억의 구성성을 드러내고자 한다. 과거를 재구성하고 현재 속에 보존하는 방식의 일환으로 역사서술과 함께 사회적 기념행위가 주목되고 있다. 특히 근대국가의 수립과정에서 집합적 정체성의 확립, 정치적 정당성의 형성과 관련하여 과거에 대한 해석의 중요성이 강도되었고 사회적 기념행위의 정치적 역할도 매우 강조되었다. 이 글은 남산이라는 공간에 부여되었던 정치적 상징성이 시기적으로 변모해온 과정을 검토함으로써 한국의 근현대사와 기억의 사회적 구성을 연결시켜 보려는 작업이다. 이 글은 정치적 상징성을 지닌 공간이나 기념물들에 대한 분석을 통해 역사적 변화의 의미를 새롭게 검토할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다. 또한 과거의 상징화 작업이 얼마나 권력관계에 의해 좌우될 수 있는 것인지, 나아가 해방 후 탈식민화 과정이 얼마나 불철저하게, 지배논리와 반공이데올로기에 의해 영향을 입었는지를 보여준다. This study of political symbolization of Nam-san tries to show relationship between social remembrance and collective memory in modern Korea. Declaring independence of Daehan Empire, Chosun dynasty came to know importance of political symbolization to enhance collective identity of the people. Some new memorial sites were elected near Namsan, where quasi-religious rituals of Chosun Dynasty had been done for a long time. Especially Changchungdan was designed to remember those who had dedicated their lives for the country during Tonghak Peasant War in 1894 and Assassination of King's wife by Japanese military in 1895. Its political function seemed to be similar to that of the National Cemetery in a modern state. With colonization, however, Namsan changed as a symbolic site for Japanese Empire. It became an imperial place where Japanese residence, colonial institutions and Shinto shrine were combined together to show the strength of Japanese colonialism. After liberation in 1941, the political symbol of Namsan changed once again. A plan of building a monument for national liberation at the site of demolished Shinto shrine was prepared by several political leaders. However, the political division between left and right and social turmoil hindered a well-designed reconstitution of cultural symbol of Namsan. Also with the emergence of division states in South and North, authoritarianism and anti-communism were strongly combined with the space of Namsan. Namsan, as a site of social memory, shows the difficulty of decolonization and the complexity of state-building process in modern Korea.

Mycophenolic Acid가 PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 NAD(P)H Oxidase, 세포내 활성산소족 및 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases에 미치는 영향

박제현,하헌주,김명수,허규하,김유선 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.14

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy as in atherosclerosis. We already reported that mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibited VSMC proliferation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in human VSMCs. In this study, we examined further molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-proliferative effect of MPA in rat VSMCs. Methods: Primary rat VSMCs were stimulated with PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL in the presence or absence of MPA and various kinds of cell signaling inhibitors. Cell proliferation was assessed by [H³]-thymidine incorporation, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits mRNA expression by RT-PCR, dichlorofluorescein-sensitive cellular ROS by FACS, and the activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, and MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results: PDGF increased cell proliferation and cellular ROS, activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, expression of p22phox and MOX1 mRNA, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK, compared to control. MPA inhibited up-regulation of racl phosphorylation, p22phox and MOX1 mRNA expression, cellular ROS, and phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. However, MPA did not affect PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751) activation. Wortmannin, diphenyleniodonium (DPI), trolox, and NAC, each inhibited PDGF-induced ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. PD98059 and p38 MAPK inhibitor also inhibited PDGF-induced cell proliferation. Conclusion: These results suggest that MPA inhibits PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation through inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent cellular ROS leading to ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. 배경 : 혈관평활근 세포의 증식은 장기이식 후 발생하는 혈관경화증이나 동맥경화증의 발생과 진행에 중요한 역할을 한다. Mycophenolic acid (MPA)는 강력한 면역억제제로서 혈관평활근 세포의 증식도 억제한다. 본 연구는 사람의 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPK가 세포증식에 관여하는 신호전달계인 활성산소족과 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) 활성화를 억제하는 기존의 연구결과를 바탕으로, PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPA가 세포의 증식을 억제하는 기전을 검색하였다. 방법 : 일차 배양한 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포를 PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL로 자극하였고, MPA를 비롯한 여러 종류의 신호전달 억제제는 PDGF를 투여하기 1시간 전에 투여하였다. 세포증식은 [H³]-thymidine incorporation으로, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit의 mRNA 표현은 RT-PCR로, dichlorofluorescein에 민감한 세포내 활성산소족은 FACS 방법으로, 그리고 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751), racl 및 MARK 활성하는 Western blot으로 각각 분석하였다. 결과 : PDGF는 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751)의 활성화 및 NAD(P)H oxidase subunit 중 racl의 활성화와 p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현을 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가시켰다. MPA는 PDGF 수용체의 활성화에는 영향을 주지 않았으나, racl의 활성화, p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현의 상향 조절, 세포내 활성산소족, 그리고 ERK 1/2와 p38 MAPK의 활의한 EFK 1/2와 p38 MAPK 활성화와 세포 증식을 억제하였다. PD98059와 p38 MAPK 억제제는 PDGF에 의한 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제하였다. 결론 : 본 연구결과는 MPA가 NAD(P)H oxidase를 억제함으로써 세포내 활성산소족 생산과, MAPK 활성화를 억제함으로써 PDGF에 의하여 유도되는 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제함을 시사하였다.

Mycophenolic Acid와 Rapamycin이 흰쥐 사구체 혈관간세포증식과 세포외기질 생성에 미치는 영향

김명수,박제현,하헌주,허규하,서지연,김유선,김혜진,박기일 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.14

Background: Excess proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation of mesenchymal cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and glomerular mesangial cells cause chronic allograft nephropathy showing transplant vascular sclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) and rapamycin (RPM) are well known as strong inhibitors of VSMC proliferation, but their effects on the glomerular mesangial cells are not yet clearly understood. This study examined the effects of MPA or RPM on PDGF-induced proliferation and ECM accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells. Methods: Mesangial cells isolated from the glomeruli of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured with DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum. Growth arrested and synchronized cells were administered with test drugs (MPA10 nM-10μM, RPM 0.1 nM-1μM) before the addition of PDGF 10 ng/mL. Cell proliferation was assessed by [³H]thymidine incorporation, collagen by [³H]proline incorporation, and fibronectin, ERK, and p38 MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results: PDGF increased mesangial cell proliferation by 4.64-fold. Compared to stimulated control, MPA above 500 nM and RPM above 10nM showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner. The IC_(50) of MPA and RPM against PDGF-induced mesangial cell proliferation were around 500 nM and 100 nM, respectively. The collagen synthesis was also inhibited by MPA and RPM, but the fibronectin secretion was inhibited by MPA alone. The proliferation of mesangial cell correlated with activation of ERK and. p38 MAPK. MPA, but not RPM, inhibited ERK and p38 MAPK activation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MPA and RPM significantly inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation and ECM production in rat glomerular mesangial cells. The inhibitory effects of MPA, but not RPM, are correlated with ERK and p38 MAPK.

Cr₂O₃가 고주파용 Pb(Mn⅓Mb⅔)O₃+PZT 세라믹스기판의 압전 특성에 미치는 영향

이개명,박창엽,김규수 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

핫프레스법으로 제작된 ?? 세라믹스에 있어서 Cr2O3의 첨가량이 그 시편의 구조적특성, 유전특성, 압전특성, 온도안정성 및 포아손비에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Cr2O3의 첨가량의 범위가 0.3∼0.75[wt%]인 시편만이 포아손비가 1/3 이상으로 주파수 저하형 에너지포획 소자의 기판으로 사용될 수 있으며, 이 중에서 Cr2O3의 첨가량이 0.5[wt%]인 시편이 보다 우수한 압전특성과 안정된 온도특성을 갖고 있다. The effects of Cr2O3 addition on the structural, dielectric, piezoelectric properties, Poisson ratio and temperature stability of hot-pressed ?? ceramics were investigated. Only the specimens with Cr2O3 amount, 0.3∼0.75[wt%]can be used as the substrate for energy trapped devices of frequency lowering type, because their Poisson ratios are larger than 1/3. And the specimen with 0.5[wt%]Cr2O3 of them, has better piezoeletric properties, and more stable frequency temperature characteristics than the others.

실험적 녹농균성 각막염에 대한 Cefotetan의 치료 효과

오명주,박정규,백태현,최대경 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1988 충남의대잡지 Vol.15 No.2

This study was carried out for the purpose of evaluation of effect of cefotetan against the pseudomonas induced keratitis. The corneal infection caused by pseudomonas organisms have a poor prognosis and their increased prevalence and general resistance to therapy make them a serious problem for to ophthalmologists. So, the author introduced experimental keratitis in the rabbit cornea by Ps. aeruginosa and Compared effects of the cefotetan and tobramycin. The cefotetan is a new antibiotic of cephalosporin system which is effective in vivo and vitro against not only gram positive but also gram negative organism and is stable against the β-lactamase. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Clinically, cefotetan and gentamicin were both effective against experimentally induced .pseudomonas keratitis and there was no significant difference between the efficacy of cefotetan and that of tobramycin. 2. In culture study, the test after treatment showed significantly fewer colonies on the platesfrom the cefotetan, tobramycin treated groups than those from the saline treated group, and there was no significant difference between cefotetan treated, and tobramycin treated group.

결핵균 30-kDa와 32-kDa 단백항원의 분리정제와 마우스 비장세포 증식에 미치는 영향

백태현,오명주,김화중,조은경,박정규,최대경 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Identification and characterization of individual components of M.tuberculosis have long been a focus of research on tuberculosis. The 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens are major constituents of M bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis culture fluids. Because 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens are partially identical, these antigens are difficult to purify in large amounts by biochemical techniques. This study was performed to purify the 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens complexes primarily purified by 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxylapatite chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. And then further purification for separation of the two antigens was accomplished on preparative isoelectric focusing. Recovery of 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens during above the purification procedures were 28% and 14%, respectively, and 147.0 and 59.8-fold purification were showed, respectively. On silver stained SDS-PAGE gels, the purified 32-kDa antigen gave a single band at 32-kDa molecule, while 30-kDa antigen gave one major band at 30-kDa molecule and faint additional band at 32-kDa. The pI of 30kDa-and 32-kDa antigens were 4.3 and 4.6, respectively. The partial identity between these two antigens was observed through the same pattern of reactivity of antigens in the ELISA and precipitation pattern of immunodiffusion. We also examined the immunological activities of both purified antigens by splenocyte proliferation of BCG-infected mice. Proliferative response to the 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens did not show significant difference. However, macrophage-like cells existed in spleen cells from BCG-infected mice were involved in the suppression of the proliferative response to mycobacterial antigen. These results suggest that the 30-kDa and 32-kDa antigens could be effectively purified by the IEF and reactions of partial identity between the two antigens were found. However, 30-kDa antigen was the more immunogenic antigen than 32-kilodalton.

공동주택 주차장의 축적먼지 중 미량원소성분 분석과 오염원 평가

배건호(Gun Ho Bae),정철수(Cheol Su Jung),박규태(Kyu Tae Park),이명숙(Myoung Sook Lee),신동찬(Dong Chan Shin),김용혜(Yong Hye Kim),윤민혜(Min Hye Yoon),한영진(Young Jin Han),최혁(Hyuek Choi),백성옥(Sung Ok Baek) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.10

공동주택 주차장의 먼지오염실태를 연구하기 위하여 2010년 3월말에서 6월초까지 대구지역 공동주택 36곳의 지상주차장(36지점)과 지하주차장(36지점)을 대상으로 채취한 총 72개의 시료를 100 μm 이하로 체거름하고 산추출한 후 ICP로 14개원소를 분석하였다. 농축계수를 이용한 미량원소성분의 발생원 평가결과는 지상주차장과 지하주차장 모두 Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, V의 성분은 자연적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 반면에 Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn의 성분은 인위적인 발생원에 의한 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 Ca은 지상주차장의 경우에는 자연적인 발생원의 영향을 받았고, 지하주차장의 경우에는 인위적인 발생원의 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분의 농도분석 결과는 자연적인 발생원과 관련된 성분이 인위적인 발생원과 관련된 성분보다 매우 높은 농도를 보였다. 인위적인 발생원성분의 기여도는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았으며, 미량원소성분의 평균농도 또한 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 높았다. 오염지수를 이용한 중금속성분의 오염도를 평가한결과는 지하주차장이 지상주차장보다 5.5배정도 높게 오염된 것으로 나타났다. 미량원소성분간의 상관성 분석결과는 지상주차장이 지하주차장에 비해 유의한 상관성을 나타내는 항목이 많았으며, 특히 자연적 발생원 성분간 유의한 상관성이 더욱 크게 나타났다. 또한 유해 중금속성분과 지하주차장의 영향인자간의 상관성을 분석한 결과는 주차대수(공간)가 적은 지점이 큰 지점보다, 환기장치를 가동하지 않은 지점이 가동한 지점보다, 그리고 최근 도색년도와 청소일이 오래된 지점이 상대적으로 유해중금속을 많이 함유하고 있었다. In order to investigate the degree of apartment parking lot dust contamination, total 72 samples of parking lot dust (36 from ground parking lots and 36 from the underground parking lots) were collected in Daegu city from the end of March to the early June 2010. The dust samples were sieved below 100 μm, and analysed by ICP for 14 elements after an acid extraction. Results obtained from the source assessment of trace element using enrichment factor showed that Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V were influenced by natural sources, while Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were influenced by anthropogenic sources in both the ground parking lot and the underground parking lot. And results showed that Ca were influenced by natural sources in the ground parking lot, but influenced by anthropogenic sources in the underground parking lot. The measured values were remarkably higher in components from natural sources than in components from anthropogenic sources. Underground parking lot dust was more affected by anthropogenic sources and contaminated compared with the ground parking lot dust. Pollution index of heavy metals revealed that underground parking lot dust was 5.5 times more contaminated with heavy metal components than the ground parking lot dust. The results of correlation analysis among trace elements indicated that components in the ground parking lot were more correlated than those in the underground parking lot, and especially more correlated with natural sources-natural sources. Analysis for correlations between components and influencing factors in the underground parking lot showed that concentrations of heavy metals were higher with smaller number of parking spaces and no ventilation system, and older apartments in last paint and cleaning had relatively higher contents of heavy metals than those of recently painted and cleaned.

이면성 심초음파도에 의한 관상동맥 우회로술후 좌심실 국소 벽운동의 변화

원수연(Soo Yeon Won),전일문(Il Mun Jeon),박명선(Myoung Seon Park),장명규(Myoung Kyu Jang),유재규(Jae Kyu Ryu),정진원(Jin Won Jeong),박양규(Yang Kyu Park),박옥규(Ock Kyu Park),최종범(Jong Bum Choi) 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.6

N/A Objectives: Studies on the effect of Coronary Artery bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) on segmental left ventricular wall motion have yield conflicting results. So we assessed changes of segmental left ventricular wall motion in patients with coronary artery disease after CABG and advantage of 2dimensional echocardiography on evaluating its effectiveness. Methods: 20patients with coronary artery disease (12unstable angina pectoris, 8 acute myocardial infarction) were studied with 2-dimensional echocardiography before and early 8.3±3.3 (mean±SD) and late 204.5±105.9 days after CABG. The changes in segmental wall motion were assessed quantitatively by assigning a segmental wall motion score recommended by ASE (1: normal, 2: hypokinesia 3: akinesia, 4: dyskinesia, 5: aneurysm) to each of 16echocardiographically defined segments by 45-degree rotating apical 4-plane views (8 in basal, 8 in apical). Results: 1) The mean left ventricular segmental wall motion score did not change significantly (1, 10±0.37, l.25±0.47, 1.12±0.40; befror, early and late after CABG respectively). 2) There was a significant change in septal wall motion at early postoperative study [37 (46%) of the 80septal segments; 1.14±0.41, 1.59±0.59(p<0.001): before and early after CABG respectively], and the worsening segments were nearly normalized at late postoperative study [24(92%) of 26segments]. 3) The segments with normal motion preoperatively remained normal late postoperatively [169(99%) of 171normal segments preoperatively]. 4) Most of the preoperative abnormal segments [23(96%) of 24segments] were in patients with acute MI and a half of them (11segments) were normalized at late postoperative study. 5) While the anterior or anteroseptal preoperative abnormal segments were usually improved postoperatively, the posterior or inferior abnormal segments were not changed significantly. Conclusion: A part of the abnormal segmental left ventricular wall motion in coronary artery disease can be improved after CABG and 2-dimensional echocardiography may be beneficial to assessing not only the changes of segmental left ventricular wall motion motion quantitatively but also the effectiveness of CABG.

원발성 유미 심낭 1 예

박명선,정진원,박양규,최종범,유재규,박옥규,장명규,원수연,전일문 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.47 No.1

Chylopericardum is particularly uncommon and usually secondary to intrathoracic operation, chest trauma, primary or metastatic tumors, chronic inflammation and congenital lymphatic anomaly which cause obstruction of the lymphatic drainage. However, primary chylopericardium unrelated to trauma or chylothorax is a rare condition and its etiology remains obscure in most cases. We have experienced a 69-year-old female patient with primary chylopericardium who was treated with repeated pericardiocentesis, pericardiectromy, and thoracic duct ligation. So we report a case of primary chylopericardium with a review of literature.

The Development of East Asian Studies in Korea

( Myoung Kyu Park ) 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2001 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.1 No.1