UHF RFID 태그 칩용 저전력 EEPROM설계

이원재,이재형,박경환,이정환,임규호,강형근,고봉진,박무훈,하판봉,김영희,Yi, Won-Jae,Lee, Jae-Hyung,Park, Kyung-Hwan,Lee, Jung-Hwan,Lim, Gyu-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Geun,Ko, Bong-Jin,Park, Mu-Hun,Ha, Pan-Bong,Kim, Young-Hee 한국정보통신학회 2006 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3

본 논문에서 는 플래쉬 셀을 사용하여 수동형 UHF RFID 태그 칩에 사용되는 저전력 1Kb 동기식 EEPROM을 설계하였다. 저전력 EEPROM을 구현하기 위한 방법으로 다음과 같은 4가지 방법을 제안하였다. 첫째, VDD(=1.5V)와 VDDP(=2.5V)의 이중 전원 공급전압 방식을 사용하였고, 둘째, 동기식 회로 설계에서 클럭(clock) 신호가 계속 클럭킹(clocking)으로 인한 스위칭 전류(switching current)가 흐르는 것을 막기 위해 CKE(Clock Enable) 신호를 사용하였다. 셋째, 읽기 사이클에서 전류 센싱(current sensing) 방식 대신 저전력 소모를 갖는 clocked inverter를 사용한 센싱 방식을 사용하였으며, 넷째, 쓰기 모드시 Voltage-up 변환기(converter) 회로를 사용하여 기준전압 발생기(Reference Voltage Generator)에는 저전압인 VDD를 사용할 수 있도록 하여 전력 소모를 줄일 수가 있었다. $0.25{\mu}m$ EEPROM 공정을 이용하여 칩을 제작하였으며, 1Kb EEPROM을 설계한 결과 읽기 모드와 쓰기 모드 시에 소모되는 전력은 각각 $4.25{\mu}W$와 $25{\mu}W$이고, 레이아웃 면적(layout area)은 $646.3\times657.68{\mu}m^2$이다. In this paper, a low-power 1Kb synchronous EEPROM is designed with flash cells for passive UHF RFID tag chips. To make a low-power EEPROM, four techniques are newly proposed. Firstly, dual power supply voltages VDD(1.5V) and VDDP(2.5V), are used. Secondly, CKE signal is used to remove switching current due to clocking of synchronous circuits. Thirdly, a low-speed but low-power sensing scheme using clocked inverters is used instead of the conventional current sensing method. Lastly, the low-voltage, VDD for the reference voltage generator is supplied by using the Voltage-up converter in write cycle. An EEPROM is fabricated with the $0.25{\mu}m$ EEPROM process. Simulation results show that power dissipations are $4.25{\mu}W$ in the read cycle and $25{\mu}W$ in the write cycle, respectively. The layout area is $646.3\times657.68{\mu}m^2$.

A comparative study on the inhibitory effects of mast cell-mediated allergic reactions by artificially cultured and wild Acanthopanax senticosus

Yi, Jin-Mu,Jeong, Hyun-Ja,Shim, Kyung-Shik,Lee, Kang-Yong,Kim, Jeong-Sook,Zheng, Cui,Tomoko, Jippo,Lee, Young-Mi Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2000 International journal of oriental medicine Vol.1 No.2

We compared the effect between CAS and WAS(root, stem) on mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. CAS, WAS-root and WAS-stem, significantly inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction(1g/kg) and histamine release from RPMC(1mg/ml). CAS, WAS-root and WAS-stem also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. In addition, IgE-induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion from RBL-2H3 was inhibited by pretreatment of CAS, WAS-root or WAS-stem$(0.01{\mu}g/ml)$. Taken together, inhibitory effect on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions of WAS-root is greater than those of WAS-stem but less than those of CAS.

Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Silver Patterns for Application to Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

Shin, Kwon-Yong,Lee, Minsu,Kang, Heuiseok,Kang, Kyungtae,Hwang, Jun Young,Kim, Jung-Mu,Lee, Sang-Ho The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.3

In this paper, we describe the analysis of inkjet-printed silver (Ag) patterns on epoxy-coated substrates according to several reliability evaluation test method guidelines for conventional printed circuit boards (PCB). To prepare patterns for the reliability analysis, various regular test patterns were created by Ag inkjet printing on flame retardant 4 (FR4) and polyimide (PI) substrates coated with epoxy for each test method. We coated the substrates with an epoxy primer layer to control the surface energy during printing of the patterns. The contact angle of the ink to the coated epoxy primer was $69^{\circ}$, and its surface energy was 18.6 $mJ/m^2$. Also, the substrate temperature was set at $70^{\circ}C$. We were able to obtain continuous line patterns by inkjet printing with a droplet spacing of $60{\mu}m$. The reliability evaluation tests included the dielectric withstanding voltage, adhesive strength, thermal shock, pressure cooker, bending, uniformity of line-width and spacing, and high-frequency transmission loss tests.

Risk Assessment of 5-Chloro-2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One/2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-One (CMIT/MIT) Used as a Preservative in Cosmetics

Kim, Min Kook,Kim, Kyu-Bong,Lee, Joo Young,Kwack, Seung Jun,Kwon, Yong Chan,Kang, Ji Soo,Kim, Hyung Sik,Lee, Byung-Mu Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

The mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (CMIT) and 2-methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one (MIT), CMIT/MIT, is a preservative in cosmetics. CMIT/MIT is a highly effective preservative; however, it is also a commonly known skin sensitizer. Therefore, in the present study, a risk assessment for safety management of CMIT/MIT was conducted on products containing 0.0015% of CMIT/MIT, which is the maximum MIT level allowed in current products. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for CMIT/MIT was 2.8 mg/kg bw/day obtained from a two-generation reproductive toxicity test, and the skin sensitization toxicity standard value for CMIT/MIT, or the no expected sensitization induction level (NESIL), was $1.25{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ in humans. According to a calculation of body exposure to cosmetics use, the systemic exposure dosage (SED) was calculated as 0.00423 mg/kg bw/day when leave-on and rinse-off products were considered. Additionally, the consumer exposure level (CEL) amounted to $0.77512{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for all representative cosmetics and $0.00584{\mu}g/cm^2/day$ for rinse-off products only. As a result, the non-cancer margin of safety (MOS) was calculated as 633, and CMIT/MIT was determined to be safe when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. In addition, the skin sensitization acceptable exposure level (AEL)/CEL was calculated as 0.00538 for all representative cosmetics and 2.14225 for rinse-off products; thus, CMIT/MIT was considered a skin sensitizer when all representative cosmetics were evaluated. Current regulations indicate that CMIT/MIT can only be used at concentrations 0.0015% or less and is prohibited from use in other cosmetics products. According to the results of this risk assessment, the CMIT/MIT regulatory values currently used in cosmetics are evaluated as appropriate.

釜山市 飮用水用 地下水 汚染現況에 관한 硏究

이무강 慶星大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

This study was carried out to classify the regional characteristics of water quality on each item, which was decided to be fail for drinking water standard, for total 2,399 ground water wells from July 1, 1994 to December 31, 1995. The ground water was analyzed by the procedures of drinking water analyzed by the procedures of drinking water analysis and decided fail if even one of 42 items exceeded the drinking water standards. Through the investigation of pass or fail for water quality of wells in Pusan, the following results were obtained. In case of Pusan, the percentage of number and usage of ground water well were 1.12% and 2.36%, respectively, comparing to those of whole country. The number of wells were average 3.2 per square kilometer. However, if KangSu-Gu (423.02 capita per ㎢) and KiJang-Goon(330.52 capita per ㎢) were exempted, the number of wells per area(㎢) were 6.0, which was two fold higher then that of the whole country. For the ground water wells developed for drinking, the number of wells per area(㎢) showed good correlation to the population density and 57.48% out of 2,399 wells were decided to be fail. The failures according to the usage of land were decided to be 67.61% for industrial area, 65.65% for commercial area, 57.77% for green belt area, and 55.88% for residential area. However, it was speculated that the determination of failure was very difficult, because Pusan consists of complicate combination of areas. The failure items of ground water wells in Pusan were 28 out of 42 items, and among total 2,553 of failed items, wells contaminated with a germ were decided to be 63% as 937 items for bacteria and 683 items for E.coli.

回轉圓板法을 利用한 合成洗劑廢水 處理時 動力學的 解析

이무강,김영철 慶星大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

A rotating biological contactor is the reactor in which influent organic substrate are aerobically oxidized by suspended biomass and attached biomass of biofilm grown on the surface of disc. The objective of this study is to investigated the factors affecting treatment efficiency of the rotating biological contactor and the kinetic parameters were obtained by Pano and Middlebrooks model. Experimental Parameters were influent LAS(Liner alkyl benzene sulfonate) and hydraulic and organic loading rate. The reactor were made of acryle semicircular tank. Disc were fabricated from bakelite resin and were 24cm in diameter and in 2mm thick. The contactor was rotated by a electric moter at 9rpm, while appoximately 40% of the surface area is submerged in the wastewater. The tank volume as values of G is measured as wastewater volume held within a tank containg a shaft of media per unit of growth convered surface on the shaft, of liter per squre meter(l/㎡). G values of 1-2 stage held 5.0 and 3-4 stage held 3.0. The immersed portion of the media is rotated in the opposite diraction as the wastewater flow to minimize any possible short-circutting along the bottom of the tank. Based on the results of the experiments, the follows conclusions are drawn. 1. The efficiency of treatment showed a tendency to largely decrease as LAS limiting concentration of treatment was 300mg/l, the LAS limiting concentration of treatment by RBC in comparsion with activated sludge are largely presented eight times or more. 2. When the synthetic detergent manufacturing wastewater was LAS concentration ranging from l00mg/l to 200mg/l, hydraulic loading rate and organic loading rate should be operated less than 60ℓ/㎡-day, 40g COD/㎡-day, respectively LAS conc. ranging from 300mg/l to 400mg/l should be operated less than 20ℓ/㎡- day, 20g CDD/㎡- day, respectively. 3. From the experimental results, the kinetic equations of completely mixed activated sludge process with sludge recycle could be applied to RBC process.

KOH 수열 처리에 의한 하동카오린으로부터 Zeolite의 합성

이무강,신현무,임경천 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.12

Two different kinds of cases, with and without addition of noncrystalline silica to the Hadong kaolin were studied to obtain useful infomation on the synthesis of zeolite. The research was carried out to investigate the formation area and the crystalized degree of zeolite according to a synthetic time, the water content of raw material mixture, KOH concentration, and stirring intensity. In the case of without addition of noncrystalline silica to the Hadong kaolin and the low concentration range of KOH, the structure of the kaolin was not changed. However, when the mole ratio of K2O/SiO₂ in natural kaolin was increased, Linde-L zeolite and unknown structure of kaolins, U-1 and U-2 were produced. While in the high concentration range of KOH, the unknown structure of kaolins, U-6 and U-2, were produced and the production rate of U-6 was increased with the increased of K₂O/SiO₂ mole ratio. In the case of with addition of noncrystalline silica to the Hadong kaoline and treatment with KOH hydrothermal processing, ZSM-5, ZSM-35, and Linde-L zeolites and the mixture of unknown structure of zeolites, U-1, U-2, U-3, and U-4 were obtained Both cases demonstrated that the synthesis of zeolite from the Hadong kaolin was highly influenced by KOH concentration of raw material mixture.

RBC工程에 依한 LAS와 都市 混合廢水의 處理

李武康,金薰洙 慶星大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.9 No.2

In this study, though the biodegradation rate of the surfactant itself is important, of which influence to the sewage treatments is important too, and therefore, when the municipal sewage including surfactant(LAS) is treated by the activaed sludge process, large quantity of bubble is produced by aeration in the reaction tank ,and also the sludge bulking phenomenon is caused in the sedimentation tank, so the municipal sewage is applied and treated by RBC which has no such faults and its results have been obtained as follow: 1) when the LAS concentration is 0,10,50,100,200 �/�, the COD removal efficiency is 90,87,85,81 and 75%, so it is recognized that as the cocentration increase, COD removal efficiency decrease. 2) when the hydraulic retention time is 0.1 day, more than about 80% can be removed when LAS is not added, while the more the added concentration of LAS increase, the slower the biodegradation rate becomes, so it is understood that more than 0.4day is required in order to obtain the same removal efficiency as the condition of the without added LAS. 3) when LAS concentration is 0,50 and 100�/�, the sludge yield parameter, Y, is 1.086, 0.949 and 0.792�VSS/�COD respectively, and endogenous respiration parameter, kd, is 0.078, 0.088 and 0.163day?. The reaction rate constant, k, is 0.087, 0.415 and 0.415 and 0.155day? and the half velocity constant, Ks, is obtained 1187,710.1, and 360.7�COD/�respectively.

은이온 교환 A형 제오라이트로 부터의 은이온용출이 항균력에 미치는 영향

이무강,신현무,임경천 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.1

An author has been known that A-type zeolite supported with silver ions has excellent antibacterial activity. However, it is no research of concern in the antibacterial activity of eluted silver ions. This study tested the elution of silver ions from A-type zeolite silver ions in deionized distilled water and NaNO₃ aqueous solution. In NaNO₃ aqueous solution of 74mM to 588mM, it was found that the concentration of silver ions and electric conductivity increased with the increasing concentration of sodium ions, and equilibrated at 15 min, and the ion exchange equilibrium coefficient, k, is 1.3x 10^(-3). However, deionized distilled water is not equilibrated to pass 6 months. A-type zeolite sodium ions showed no antibacterial activity. It was found that antibacterial activity was exhibited even at the concentration of 10 nM of eluted silver ions, and E-coli died with the incorporation of 2.43 × 10^(8) Ag ion/cell. antibacterial activity of A-type zeolite silver ions were mainly attributed to hydroxyl radical.

폴리에스테르 제조폐수의 전해처리

이무강,김영철,임경천,김현국 경성대학교 생산기술연구소 1997 생산기술연구지 Vol.4 No.-

This study emphasize on removal of organic matter by indirect oxidation process. In the electrolytic treatment, ??, ?? is producted by chloride. ??, ?? is used to organic matter oxidation. This study was conducted for the effects of organic matter oxidation, electrolysis time, electric current, ?? concentrations, and pH due to production of ??, ?? by electrolysis. Also, possibility on the second treatment by activated carbon adsorption was investigated. The results obtained were as follows : pH was rapidly increased less than 10 minutes, and was maintained after 30 minutes. When the temperature was not constantly maintained. The removal rate of TOC was increased up to 32% with the increasing of ?? concentrations and the increasing of electrolytic current. Effects of pH was not observed. When electrolysis was not carried out, adsorption constant k and 1/n were 0.017, 1.684, respectively. After the electrolysis with 1, 3, 5, 8A electrolysis, k and 1/n were 0.02, 0.022, 0.025, 0.018, 0.874, 0.518, and 0.887, 0.77, respectively. This result indicated that the wastewater included some material which is difficult to decompose. This wastewater need to pretreatment rather than independent electrolysis.