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CO<sub>2</sub> capture from humid flue gases and humid atmosphere using a microporous coppersilicate
Datta, Shuvo Jit,Khumnoon, Chutharat,Lee, Zhen Hao,Moon, Won Kyung,Docao, Son,Nguyen, Thanh Huu,Hwang, In Chul,Moon, Dohyun,Oleynikov, Peter,Terasaki, Osamu,Yoon, Kyung Byung American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2015 Science Vol.350 No.6258
<P><B>Grabbing CO<SUB>2</SUB> from wet gas streams</B></P><P>It is a challenge to extract CO<SUB>2</SUB> from typical gas streams, such as the flue gas from a power plant. This is because any water in the stream tends to prevent CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption and may also degrade the absorbing material. Datte <I>et al.</I> developed a microporous copper silicate that avoids these problems. Most other materials have sites that absorb both water and CO<SUB>2</SUB> at the same sites, and in that fight, the water tends to win. Although their material still absorbs water, it has separate sites for the CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption. It also shows good stability despite the absorbed water and can be reused.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 302</P><P>Capturing CO<SUB>2</SUB> from humid flue gases and atmosphere with porous materials remains costly because prior dehydration of the gases is required. A large number of microporous materials with physical adsorption capacity have been developed as CO<SUB>2</SUB>-capturing materials. However, most of them suffer from CO<SUB>2</SUB> sorption capacity reduction or structure decomposition that is caused by co-adsorbed H<SUB>2</SUB>O when exposed to humid flue gases and atmosphere. We report a highly stable microporous coppersilicate. It has H<SUB>2</SUB>O-specific and CO<SUB>2</SUB>-specific adsorption sites but does not have H<SUB>2</SUB>O/CO<SUB>2</SUB>-sharing sites. Therefore, it readily adsorbs both H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CO<SUB>2</SUB> from the humid flue gases and atmosphere, but the adsorbing H<SUB>2</SUB>O does not interfere with the adsorption of CO<SUB>2</SUB>. It is also highly stable after adsorption of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CO<SUB>2</SUB> because it was synthesized hydrothermally.</P>
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우황청심원(牛黃淸心元)이 저산소증 유발 배양신경세포에 미치는 영향
조규선,신길조,문일수,이원철,정승현,Cho, Gyu-Seon,Shin, Gil-Cho,Moon, Il-Soo,Lee, Won-Chul,Chung, Sung-Hyun 대한한방내과학회 2001 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death of hypoxic E18 cortical neuroblast. Methods : To evaluate the effect of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death caused by hypoxia, the survival rate of E18 cortical neuroblast was measured with MTT assay and the changes of several synaptic proteins and enzymes were investigated with the immunoblot assays. Results : The E18 cortical neuroblasts were added 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and $5,000{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won. They showed neurotoxicity, when the concentration of Woohwangcheongsim-won was above $1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The E18 cortical neuroblasts, which were added 50, 100, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won, were exposed 98% $N_2/5%\;CO_2$ for 3 hours to induce hypoxia, 3 days later, the survival rate of $50{\mu}g/ml$ Woohwangcheongsim-won was 141.5% when compared to the control group. On the immuneblot assays, the expressions of ${\alpha}$CaMKII, NR2A, NR28, PDE2, PSD-95, and eEF-$1{\alpha}$ were increased in normoxia, but those of NR2A, NR2B were decreased in hypoxia when compared to the control group. Conclusions : The data shows that the effects of Woohwangcheongsim-won on neuronal death of hypoxic E18 cortical neuroblast is a significant result.
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Won Chul Shin,Sang Min Lee,Nam Hoon Moon,Jae Hoon Jang,Min Joon Choi 대한정형외과학회 2023 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.15 No.2
Background: The primary objective of the present study was to compare surgical failures of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and to assess the change in surgical outcomes over time in a cumulative meta-analysis. Methods: To identify studies evaluating the surgical outcomes of internal fixation using sliding hip screws (SHS) or cephalomedullary (CM) nails for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur, all records until August 2021 in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Studies with the following characteristics were considered eligible: patients who had an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur (population); patients who received surgical treatment using a CM nail (intervention); patients who received surgical treatment using SHS (comparator); surgical failures that required reoperation, including cut-out or cut-through of lag screws, varus collapse or posterior angulation of proximal fragments, loosening of lag screws or helical blades, and fracture nonunion (outcomes); and two reviewers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of the randomized controlled trials and selected relevant studies for a full-text review (study design). Results: Twenty-one studies were included in the final analysis consisting of 1,777 cases in the SHS group and 1,804 cases in the CM nail group. The cumulative standard mean difference was 0.87, indicating that CM nails had no significant effect in improving the surgical outcomes. There was no significant difference in surgical failure between SHS and CM nails for all intertrochanteric fractures (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–1.49). Pooled data showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of surgical failure in unstable intertrochanteric fractures (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.42–1.54). Conclusions: Although the use of CM nails has become a current trend in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures, there is no literature supporting their clinical superiority when compared with SHS.
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Moon Young-Min,Kang Jin Kyu,Yu To-Sol,Jeon Wan,Choi Chul Won,Kim Jin Young,Chung Jin Beom,Kang Sang Won,Park Sung Kwang,Han Moo Jae,Yang Seung Woo 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.81 No.11
It has been shown that the detection of fat body surfaces (thorax, pelvis) using the three-dimensional optical surface imaging system (3D–OSIS) is less accurate than curved surfaces (head, neck). Here, we evaluated the applicability and technical performance of the 3D–OSIS for prone breast radiotherapy using silicon cup markers. Three silicon cups were attached on the dorsal surface of a female atom phantom. We evaluated the data reproducibility with these marker cups and compared the accuracy with or without their use. For the reproducibility test, we scanned an object 11 times every 15 s with the 3D– OSIS and registered the diferences. For the accuracy test, we positioned the phantom on the table and manually moved it in the X, Y, and Z directions to predetermined values. These values were compared to those measured with the 3D–OSIS. This process was repeated 21 times and the diferences of the measured values were compared according to the presence or absence of markers. In reproducibility test, the mean variations for the shifts in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions were 0.15±0.22 mm, 0.47±0.13 mm, and 0.34±0.19 mm, respectively. And the mean deviations elicited based on the accuracy test for the manually applied and the measured shifts in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions were (a) 0.23±0.1 mm, 0.044±0.39 mm, and 0.18±0.1 mm with the use of markers, and (b) 0.44±0.33 mm, 0.97±0.55 mm, and 0.63±0.55 mm without the markers, respectively. The use of silicon cup markers yielded highly accurate results in the 3D–OSIS. The use of 3D–OSIS and silicon cups has potential in achieving precise patient setup and in reducing the CBCT frequency in prone breast radiotherapy.
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Moon, Byeong-Joon,Park, Won-Kyu,Choi, Sang-Chul Korean Academy of Marketing Science 2010 마케팅과학연구 Vol.20 No.1
?于品牌??的?成, ?量和管理的?究?始于David A.Aaker (1991) 和Kevin Lane Keller(1993). 最近, ?多的?究都集中于品牌??的?成: 品牌意?, ?量?期, ?品形象和品牌忠?度. 本文主要??于?些成分?相互?系, 而且特?主意?品??(?用或者享受)的??作用. 基于以上所提及的?系所建立的模型可以?看?1. 本文的假?如下: ?客的品牌意??于?客的忠?度和品牌形象有??的影?; ?客的?量?期?于品牌忠?度和品牌形象有??的影?; 品牌形象?于品牌忠?度有??影?; ?些品牌??成分?的?系可以被?品??所??. 具??明就是, ?于?用性?品, ?量?期?于品牌忠?度的作用?增强, 而?于享受?品品牌形象?于品牌忠?度的作用?更强. ?了?定适用于本?究的?品, 58名首?的大?生?加了前?. ?果是?算机被??成??用性?品, 而牛仔?被?定成?享受?品. 每一??品各??了??品牌: 三星和惠普以及李?斯和NIX. 在?究中, 首?地?的237名大?生回答了?卷. ?究?象被?分???: 一?(121名)回答?于?算机的?卷, 其他的116名回答?于牛仔?的?卷. 搜集的?据通?AMOS 7???可信度, 效度以及?量?的相互?系. ??性因子分析?明本?究的模型是可以用??一步?究的. 品牌??成分?的相互?系也通?AMOS 7 ???. ?果模型的?果展?在?2中. ?量?期?于品牌的形象有??的影?, 但是品牌意?却?有. 但是品牌意?, ?量?期, 以及品牌形象都?品牌忠?度有??的影?. ?且, ?些?系受到?品??的??. 本文的?究?果可以增?我??于品牌??成分?相互?系的了解, ?且可以支撑?于品牌??的?量. 本文也?于?品??的作用?行了?述. 在??的??管理中, ?些?果可以提供一些建??有效保持品牌??. Research on the construction, measurement, and management of brand equity has been extensive since David A. Aaker(1991) and Kevin Lane Keller(1993) first advanced the concept. Recently, much attention has been devoted to the components of brand equity: brand awareness, perceived quality, brand image, and brand loyalty. This study explores the relationships among these components, focusing particularly on the moderating role of product type (utilitarian vs. hedonic) in their causal relationships. A model to study the relationship among components of brand equity, particularly the moderating role of product type, is featured in Figure 1. The hypotheses of the study are proposed as follows: that consumers' brand awareness has a positive influence on brand loyalty and brand image; that consumers' perceived quality has a positive influence on brand loyalty and brand image; that consumers' brand image influences brand loyalty positively; and that relationships among components of brand equity will be moderated by product type. That is, in the case of utilitarian products, the impact of perceived quality on brand loyalty will be relatively stronger, whereas with hedonic products the impact of brand image on brand loyalty will be relatively stronger. To determine the products for the study, a pre-test of 58 college students in the Seoul metropolitan area was conducted based on the product type scale. As a result, computers were selected as the utilitarian product and blue jeans became the hedonic product. For each product type, two brands were selected: Samsung and HP for computers, and Levis and Nix for blue jeans. In the main study, 237 college students in the metropolitan area were surveyed to measure their brand awareness, perceived quality, brand image, and brand loyalty toward the selected two brands of each product type. The subjects were divided into two groups: one group (121 subjects) for computers, the other (116 subjects) for blue jeans. The survey questionnaires for the study included four parts: five questions on brand awareness and four questions each on perceived quality, brand image, and brand loyalty. All questions were to be answered using 7-point Likert scales. The data collected by the survey were processed to assess reliability and validity, and the causal relationships were analyzed to verify the hypotheses using the AMOS 7 program, a tool for analyzing structural equation modeling. A confirmatory factor analysis assessed the appropriateness of the measurement model, and the fit indices denoted that the model was satisfactory. The relationships among the components of brand equity were also analyzed using AMOS 7. The fit indices of the structural model denoted that it was also satisfactory. The paths in the structural model as will be seen in Figure 2 show that perceived quality affects brand image positively, but that brand awareness does not affect brand image. Moreover, it shows that brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand image are positively related with brand loyalty, and that this relationship is moderated by product type. In the case of utilitarian products, perceived quality has relatively more influence on brand loyalty. Conversely, in the case of hedonic products, brand image has relatively more influence on brand loyalty. The results of this empirical study contribute toward the advancement of our understanding of the relationships among the components of brand equity and expand the theoretical underpinnings for brand equity measurement. It also helps further our understanding of the effect of product type on customer-based brand equity. In a marketing management practice perspective, these results may provide managerial implications for building and maintaining brand equity effectively.
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