Liberalizing Maritime Transport Services: Towards a Fair Liberalization

( Mohamed M. Ali Ibrahim ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2003 해운물류연구 Vol.39 No.-

The maritime transport sector is considered as the most liberalized sector due to its international nature, but this fact does not imply that the sector is completely free because still many restrictions are found, some of them imposed by developed countries and - as a reaction - others are imposed by developing countries. The restriction imposed by advanced countries are: barriers to enter into the industry, international cartels, alliances, conferences, restrictions on maritime labour movements and stiff shipping registration conditions. As a reaction, developing countries try to find a way to survive in maritime transport service market through: cargo reservation systems using bilateral agreements. Code of Conduct, subsidization of maritime transport sectors and restriction of the commercial presence in ports. It is worth mentioning that developed countries apply the same restriction practices used by developing countries; it is also noticed that liberalizing transport services negotiations neglect the restrictive practices imposed by developing countries whereas they concentrate on the restriction practices used by developing countries. This concentrate on the restriction practices used by developing countries. his paper aims at discussing the restrictive practices imposed by both developed and developing countries to liberalize maritime transport services on a fair basis.

Privatizing public sector companies for maritime transport:assessing the Egyptian experiment

Mohamed M. Ali Ibrahim,KIM Hyun-deok 한국해운물류학회 2004 해운물류연구 Vol.43 No.-

This paper aims at assessing the Egyptian experiment in privatising public sector companies for maritime transport through: first, reviewing the economic thought regarding privatisation and the history of Egyptian public sector; second, researching the role of IMF and the WB programs in privatising public sector in Egypt and developing countries; third, assessing the Egyptian experiment in privatising maritime transport companies which are the Alexandria shipping agencies company and the Arab United stevedoring company.

A comparative study of mechanical behavior of ABS material based on UVC sterilization for medical usage

Mohamed A. Aboamer,Doaa H. Elgohary,Ali Abdullah Almukil,Ahmed A. Aboamer,Ibrahim M Alarifi,Mohsen Bakouri,Nader A. Rahman Mohamed 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.7

This study aims to examine the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene specimens using ASTM 638, 695, and 790. UVC radiation was also used as a sterilizing method. The fused deposition modeling of 3D-printed polymerize with 30 % filling was used to manufacture 30 specimens for tensile, compression, and bending. Half of the specimens were treated with UVC, whereas the other half were not. The chosen dosage of 13.5 J/cm 2 with an exposure time of 48 min corresponds to 3650 sterilization treatments or 10 years of sterilization. The average ultimate stress in the tensile test, compression test, and bending test was 34.5 ± 7.4, 25.4 ± 0.5, and 24.5 ± 2.1 Mpa, respectively. The analysis of variance test shows that UVC radiation has a demonstrable influence on tensile specimens, with a P-value of 0.012, which is less than the significance threshold of 0.05. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected.

Privatizing Public Sector Companies for Maritime Transport: Assessing the Egyptian Experiment

( Mohamed M. Ali Ibrahim ),( Hyun Deok Kim ) 한국해운물류학회(구 한국해운학회) 2004 해운물류연구 Vol.41 No.-

This paper aims at assessing the Egyptian experiment in privatising public sector companies for maritime transport through: first, reviewing the economic thought regarding privatisation and the history of Egyptian public sector; second, researching the role of IMF and the WB programs in privatising public sector in Egypt and developing countries : third, assessing the Egyptian experiment in privatising maritime transport companies which are the Alexandria shipping agencies company and the Arab United stevedoring company.

Synthesis, Characterization and Spectrophotometric Studies of Seven Novel Antibacterial Hydrophilic Iron(II) Schiff Base Amino Acid Complexes

Shaker, Ali M.,Nassr, Lobna A.E.,Adam, Mohamed S.S.,Mohamed, Ibrahim M.A. Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.5

A series of new Iron(II) Schiff base amino acid complexes derived from the condensation of amino acid and sodium 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-5-sulfonate have been synthesized. The complexes were characterized by elemental, electronic, IR spectral analyses and conductance measurements. The stability and solubility of the prepared complexes were determined. Two spectral methods used to determine the stoichiometry of the prepared complexes which exhibited divalent tridentate coordination and formed chelates of octahedral structures. The antibacterial activity of the prepared complexes has been tested against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus bacteria. The effect of HCl on investigated complexes studied spectrophotometrically.

Red Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization in Multi-Transfused Thalassemia Patients in Sulaymaniyah Province-Iraq

Aveen M. Raouf Abdulqader,Ali Ibrahim Mohammed,Nagham Ibrahim Mohammed 대한임상검사과학회 2020 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.52 No.2

Thalassemias are considered important health issues throughout Iraq, involving its Kurdistan region. This disorder, particularly its major form, needs lifelong regular transfusions. But this form of medical care is associated with various complications including red cell alloimmunization and autoim-munization. This study determined the frequency and associations of alloimmunization among multi-transfused patients with β-thalassemia major. The subjects were 204 patients who were registered at a thalassemia care center in Sulaymaniyah-Iraqi Kurdistan. The patients’ records were analyzed, their red cells were phenotyped for ABO/RhD antigens using the gel card method, and irregular antibody screening/identification was performed using the standard tube method. Alloantibodies were detected in 5.8% of the patients, while DAT was positive in 4% of the patients, which indicated autoantibodies. The identified alloantibodies were anti-E (2.4%), anti-C (1.4%), anti-e (1%), and anti-K (1%). A patient’s age at the start of transfusion (>2 years) (P=0.042) and a positive history of transfusion reactions (P=0.003) were correlated with a significantly higher rate of alloantibody formation. From the results of our study, we conclude that measures to decrease the development of alloantibodies may incorporate matching for Rhesus and Kell systems and early induction of blood transfusions.

Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified proteins as immune enhancers to rabies vaccine and related immuno-histopathological alterations

Rania Ibrahim Shebl,Mohamed E. Amer,Tamer M. M. Abuamara,Emadeldin R. Matar,Hassan Fathy Ahmed,Tamer Albasyoni Gomah,Laila E. El Moselhy,Mohammed Abu-Elghait,Aly Fahmy Mohamed 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.3

Purpose: One of the essential goals regarding the successful control of rabies infection is the development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine. the current study aimed to evaluate the inactivation potential of β-propiolactone (βPL), binary ethyleneimine (BEI), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Materials and Methods: Estimating the inactivation kinetics of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 revealed that the tested inactivants could completely and irreversibly inactivate rabies virus within 2, 12, and 4 hours, respectively while maintaining its viral immunogenicity. The potency of βPL, BEI, and H2O2 inactivated vaccines was higher than the World Health Organization acceptance limit and were in the order of 3.75, 4.21, and 3.64 IU/mL, respectively. Monitoring the humoral and cellular immunity elicited post-immunization using Staphylococcus aureus derived hyaluronic acid (HA) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin purified protein derivative (PPD) adjuvanted rabies vaccine candidates were carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Results demonstrated that both adjuvants could progressively enhance the release of anti-rabies total immunoglobulin G as well as the pro-inflammatory mediators (interferon-gamma and interleukin-5) relative to time. However, a higher immune response was developed in the case of HA adjuvanted rabies vaccine compared to PPD adjuvanted one. The harmful consequences of the tested adjuvants were considered via investigating the histopathological changes in the tissues of the immunized rats using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Lower adverse effects were observed post-vaccination with HA and PPD adjuvanted vaccines compared to that detected following administration of the currently used alum as standard adjuvant. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that HA and PPD could serve as a promising platform for the development of newly adjuvanted rabies vaccines with elevated immune enhancing potentials and lower risk of health hazards.

Outer membrane proteins of Salmonella Typhimurium as an adjuvant in rabies vaccine

Iman Ibrahim Negm,Yasser M. Ragab,Aly Fahmy Mohamed 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.2

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the immune-enhancing potential of Salmonella Typhimurium outer membrane protein (OMP) and alum as adjuvants towards inactivated Vero cells rabies vaccine (FRV/K2). Materials and Methods: Six groups of female Sprague Dawley albino rats (10/group) were used in the evaluation of immunogenicity and safety of vaccines and adjuvants. Total immunoglobulin G secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and the percentage of proliferated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination were used to test safety profiles. Results: OMP adjuvanted rabies vaccine (FRV/K2+OMP) (OMP combined locally prepared vaccine) induced significantly higher neutralizing antibodies on day 21 post-vaccination relative to free (FRV/K2) vaccine and alum adsorbed vaccine (FRV/K2+alum) (alum adsorbed locally prepared vaccine). (FRV/K2+OMP) induced a significantly higher level of IFN-γ on day 14 post-vaccination. CD8+ T cells were significantly higher post-vaccination with reference (RV), free (FRV/K2), and (FRV/K2+OMP) than (FRV/K2+alum). On the contrary, CD4+ T cells were significantly elevated post-vaccination with (FRV/K2+alum) at p<0.05. Biochemical analysis and histopathological examination revealed that OMP could be used safely as an adjuvant for the development of more effective rabies vaccines. Conclusion: Outer membrane proteins adjuvanted rabies vaccines would be beneficial to induce rapid neutralizing antibodies and essential cytokines.

Red Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization in Multi-Transfused Thalassemia Patients in Sulaymaniyah Province-Iraq

Abdulqader, Aveen M. Raouf,Mohammed, Ali Ibrahim,Mohammed, Nagham Ibrahim Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science 2020 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.52 No.2

Thalassemias are considered important health issues throughout Iraq, involving its Kurdistan region. This disorder, particularly its major form, needs lifelong regular transfusions. But this form of medical care is associated with various complications including red cell alloimmunization and autoimmunization. This study determined the frequency and associations of alloimmunization among multi-transfused patients with β-thalassemia major. The subjects were 204 patients who were registered at a thalassemia care center in Sulaymaniyah-Iraqi Kurdistan. The patients' records were analyzed, their red cells were phenotyped for ABO/RhD antigens using the gel card method, and irregular antibody screening/identification was performed using the standard tube method. Alloantibodies were detected in 5.8% of the patients, while DAT was positive in 4% of the patients, which indicated autoantibodies. The identified alloantibodies were anti-E (2.4%), anti-C (1.4%), anti-e (1%), and anti-K (1%). A patient's age at the start of transfusion (>2 years) (P=0.042) and a positive history of transfusion reactions (P=0.003) were correlated with a significantly higher rate of alloantibody formation. From the results of our study, we conclude that measures to decrease the development of alloantibodies may incorporate matching for Rhesus and Kell systems and early induction of blood transfusions.

Assessment of Perception of Medical Students in Regard to Links between Tobacco or Alcohol Use and Cancer

Alshammari, Fawaz Dabea,Khalifa, Amany M,Kosba, Ayman Ahmed,Khalil, Nuhar A,Ali, Safia M,Hassouna, Mona M,Elawad, Gamal Mohamed,Ginaw, Ibrahim Abdelmajeed,Ahmed, Hussain Gadelkarim Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: The aim of this study was to assess cancer awareness among medical students in Saudi Arabia toward tobacco and alcohol use as risk factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey from October to December 2014, covering 1200 medical students, was performed. Results: Of the total, 975 (81.25%) responded. The male to female ratio was 1.00:7.125. 96/975 (9.8%) had smoked tobacco in their lifetime, and 51/975 (5.23%) were alcoholic beverage consumers. On asking them whether tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption can cause cancer, only 4/975 (0.4%) and 14/975 (1.43%) answered no for smoking and alcohol, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking and alcohol use is very low among medical students, which might be due to high female contribution besides social stigma. The prevalence of second-hand smoke (SHS) was found to be very high in Hail region.