Associations of Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors with Stage at Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Mohaghegh, Pegah,Yavari, Parvin,Akbari, Mohammad Esmail,Abadi, Alireza,Ahmadi, Farzane Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

Background: Stage at diagnosis is one of the most important prognostic factors of breast cancer survival. Because in the breast cancer case this may vary with socioeconomic characteristics, this study was performed to recognize the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors with stage at diagnosis in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted on 526 patients suffering from breast cancer and registered in Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2008 to 2013. A reliable and valid questionnaire about family levels of socioeconomic status filled in by interviewing the patients via phone. For analyzing the data, Multinomial logistic regression, Kendal tau-b correlation coefficient and Contingency Coefficient tests were executed by SPSS22. Economic status, educational attainment of patient and household head and/or a combination of these were considered as parameters for socioeconomic status. First, the relationship between stage at diagnosis and demographic and socioeconomic status was assessed in univariate analysis then these relationships assessed in two different models of multinomial logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.3 (SD=11.4). According to the results of this study, there were significant relationships between stage at diagnosis of breast cancer with patient education (p=0.011), living place (p=0.044) and combined socioeconomic status (p=0.024). These relationships persisted in multiple multinomial logistic regressions. Other variables, however, had no significant correlation. Conclusions: Patient education, combined socioeconomic status and living place are important variables in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in Iranian women. Interventions have to be applied with the aim of raising women's accessibility to diagnostic and medical facilities and also awareness in order to reducing delay in referring. In addition, covering breast cancer screening services by insurance is recommended.

Periodic transonic flow simulation using fourier-based algorithm

Mohammad Reza Mohaghegh,Majid Malek-Jafarian 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.10

The present research simulates time-periodic unsteady transonic flow around pitching airfoils via the solution of unsteady Euler andNavier-Stokes equations, using time spectral method (TSM) and compares it with the traditional methods like BDF and explicit structuredadaptive grid method. The TSM uses a Fourier representation in time and hence solves for the periodic state directly without resolvingtransients (which consume most of the resources in a time-accurate scheme). Mathematical tools used here are discrete Fourier transformations. The TSM has been validated with 2D external aerodynamics test cases. These test cases are NACA 64A010 (CT6) andNACA 0012 (CT1 and CT5) pitching airfoils. Because of turbulent nature of flow, Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model has been used inviscous flow analysis with large oscillation amplitude (CT5 type). The results presented by the TSM are compared with experimentaldata and the two other methods. By enforcing periodicity and using Fourier representation in time that has a spectral accuracy, tremendousreduction of computational cost has been obtained compared to the conventional time-accurate methods. Results verify the smallnumber of time intervals per pitching cycle (just four time intervals) required to capture the flow physics with small oscillation amplitude(CT6) and large oscillation amplitude (CT5) as compared to the other two methods.

Comparison of Photon-electron and Photon Radiotherapy for Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes of Mastectomy Patients with Left-sided Breast Cancer

Mehran Mohseni,Fatholah Mohaghegh,Nasrin Robatmili,Mohammad Reza Bayatiani,Fatemeh Seif,Nayyer Sadat Mostafavi 대한암예방학회 2020 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.25 No.1

The aim of radiotherapy is to deliver the highest possible radiation dose to the tumor and the lowest radiation to normal tissues surrounding the tumor. In the present study, lymph nodes of the supraclavicular region were treated using two therapeutic techniques, namely photon technique (PT) and combinatory photon-electron technique (CPET). We recruited 50 patients with local lymph node metastasis. The photon energies were 6-15 MV. Furthermore, the electron beam energy was 18 MeV in CPET. The study findings revealed that the mean delivered dose to target volume was 41.12 ± 2.98Gy for PT and 44.56 ± 1.90Gy for CPET. The percentage of the target volume irradiated to 90% of the prescribed dose (V90) was calculated as 74.61% ± 9.30% and 82.06% ± 9.70% for PT and CPET, respectively. The mean dose delivered to the heart and lungs was not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, the maximum doses delivered to the spinal cord were 12.55Gy in PT and 8.89Gy in CPET. The mean doses delivered to the thyroid gland were 39.26 and 34.89Gy in PT and CPET. According to the study results, the maximum doses delivered to the spinal cord, head of the humerus bone, and thyroid were reduced significantly as measured the CPET technique. In contrast, no significant difference was observed regarding the dose delivered to the heart and lung. The dose delivered to the supraclavicular region determined by the CPET was significantly augmented. Furthermore, the coverage of the tumor mass was optimized using the new method. Key Words Breast cancer, Treatment planning, Supraclavicular region dose, Thyroid dose

Clinical and Histological Indicators of Proximal and Distal Gastric Cancer in Eight Provinces of Iran

Norouzinia, M.,Asadzadeh, H.,Shalmani, H. Mohaghegh,Al Dulaimi, D.,Zali, M.R. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Background and Aim: Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. In this study the clinical and histological features of gastric cancer in the cardia and distal stomach were evaluated. Method: Proximal and distal gastric cancer diagnosed and treated in eight provinces of Iran from 2010-2011 were reviewed in all collected cases. The age standardized incident rates were calculated and tumor location and histological type were recorded. Results: The age-standardized incidence rate for the eight centers was 40.6 per 100,000 populations per year with an upper and lower range of 22.1 and 102.4 per 100,000 population per year. Thirty four percent of the tumors were located in the cardia, 3% in fundus, and 63% in the distal stomach. In 7 provinces the prevalence of distal tumors was significantly greater than proximal tumors (p=0.006). A significant relationship was observed between diffuse form of gastric cancer and distal gastric tumors (p=0.007) and between poor tumor differentiation and distal gastric tumors (p<0.001). Conclusions: the result of this study shows that distal gastric cancer is more common than proximal gastric cancer in Iran.

Effect of Curcumin on Dysmenorrhea and Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sharifipour Foruzan,Siahkal Shahla Faal,Qaderi Kowsar,Mohaghegh Zeynab,Zahedian Maryam,Azizi Faeze 대한가정의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.45 No.2

Background: Dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are common periodic and frequent complica-tions in women of reproductive age that can negatively affect health and quality of life. The present study examined the effects of curcumin on the severity of dysmenorrhea and PMS symptoms. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted by searching data-bases such as the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to January 2023. Article screening was performed using Endnote ver. X8 (Clarivate). Review Manager (RevMan ver. 5.3; Co-chrane) was used for the quality assessment and meta-analysis. A total of 147 studies were screened, of which five were finally selected for quantitative and qualitative analyses. The studies were conducted between 2015 and 2021, and a total of 379 participants with a mean age of 23.33±5.54 years had been recruited in these studies.Results: The meta-analysis showed that curcumin consumption could significantly reduce the severity of dysmen-orrhea (mean difference, -1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.52 to -0.98; three studies; I2=31%) and the overall score of PMS (standardized mean difference, -1.41; 95% CI, -1.81 to -1.02; two studies; I2=0%).Conclusion: The reduction in the severity of PMS and dysmenorrhea has been attributed to curcumin’s anti-in-flammatory and antidepressant activities. Although the findings suggest that curcumin may be an effective treat-ment for reducing the severity of PMS and dysmenorrhea, further research with a larger number of participants from various socioeconomic levels and a longer duration of treatment is needed to evaluate the effective dose of curcumin.

Cholangiocarcinoma: An-eight-year Experience in a Tertiary-Center in Iran

Mohammad-Alizadeh, Amir Houshang,Ghobakhlou, Mehdi,Shalmani, Hamid Mohaghegh,Zali, Mohammad Reza Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Background and Aim: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon malignancy of the bile duct, occurring in nearly 2 out of 100,000 people. It is a type of adenocarcinoma that originates in the mucous glands of the epithelium, or surface layers of the bile ducts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features, diagnostic results and factors associated with survival, morbidity and mortalityof cholangiocarcinoma cases in Iranian patients. Method: In this retrospective study the hospital medical records of 283 patients with a primary or final diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma who had been admitted to gastroenterology ward of our hospital from 2004 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: 283 patients (180 male, 63%, and 103 female, 38.6%) with a mean age of $59.7{\pm}14.4$ years were studied. The most frequent symptoms were painless jaundice (190, 66.9%), abdominal pain (77, 27%), pruritus 133 (46.8%) and weight loss (169, 59.5%). The most frequent associated risk factors and diseases were as follows: gallstones (72, 25.4%), diabetes (70, 24.6%), HBV infection (52 (18.3%), HCV infection 43 (15%), primary sclerosing cholangitis (16, 5.6%) and smoking (120, 42.3%). The most frequent type of cholangiocarcinoma in ERCP and MRCP was hilar. The mean survival time was $7.42{\pm}5.76$ months. Conclusion: The mean survival time in our study was lower than one year. Moreover the most frequent risk factors and associated diseases were smoking, gallstones and diabetes. Painless jaundice, abdominal pain and weight loss were the most clinical features related to cholangiocarcinoma. Additionally survival time did not correlate with risk factors, associated diseases and clinical presentations, but was linked to biliary metallic stenting and surgery.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the genetic characterization of human echinococcosis in Iran, an endemic country

Abolghasem Siyadatpanah,Davood Anvari,Amir Emami Zeydi,Seyed Abdollah Hosseini,Ahmad Daryani,Shahabeddin Sarvi,Christine M,Budke,Reza Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji,Mohammad Ali Mohaghegh,Mohammad Hasan Kohansal 한국역학회 2019 Epidemiology and Health Vol.41 No.-

Human echinococcosis is an infectious disease caused by tapeworms belonging to the species Echinococcus. This parasite has a worldwide distribution and is considered a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Due to the diversity of Echinococcus spp. hosts, as well as variation in geographical, climatic, and socio-ethnic conditions, the question of the strains or genotypes of Echinococcus spp. that are involved in human infections is important. The aim of this study was to provide a summary of the available data on genotypes of Echinococcus obtained from the Iranian population. Four international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) and 4 Persian databases (Magiran, Scientific Information Database, Iran Medex, and IranDoc) were searched for cross-sectional studies that reported the genotypes of Echinococcus spp. in human echinococcosis cases using molecular methods in Iran through July 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the selected studies. A total of 559 cases of human cystic echinococcosis were reported in the 21 included articles. The majority of cases belonged to genotype G1 (89.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80.1 to 95.8), genotype G6 (8.2%; 95% CI, 2.8 to 15.9), and genotype G3 (2.3%; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9). Since genotype G1 of Echinococcus appears to be the most prevalent genotype affecting humans in Iran, disease control initiatives aimed at sheep intermediate hosts may be the most beneficial. In addition, educational programs and serological screening in individuals may help reduce the national impact of the disease.