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Metal Ion Selectivity of Surface Templated Resins Carrying Phosphate Groups
Murata, Masaharu,Maeda, Mizuo,Takagi, Makoto 한국분석과학회 1995 분석과학 Vol.8 No.4
The metal ion selective resins were prepared by surface template polymerization using monooleyl phosphoric acid (1), oleyl methyl phosphoric acid (2) or oleyl ethyl phosphoric acid (3) as an amphiphilic host surfactant. The $Cu^{2+}$-imprinted resins prepared in the presence of $Cu^{2+}$ adsorbed $Cu^{2+}$ much more effectively than did their reference resins. On the other hand, the $Cu^{2+}$-imprinted resins showed much less binding ability to $Zn^{2+}$. The template-dependent selectivity should be ascribed to a favorable placement of the surface-anchored metallophilic groups for multidentate coordination to specific metal ion.
Ozasa, Kazunari,Won, June,Song, Simon,Maeda, Mizuo Elsevier 2018 Applied soft computing Vol.70 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We developed a bio-inspired neurocomputing approach based on our earlier biological neurocomputer, which leverages the survival strategies of living micro-algae cells (<I>Euglena gracilis</I>) to soft computing. Instead of using the real living cells, the bio-inspired neurocomputing in this study (namely, <I>Euglena</I>-inspired neurocomputing) mimics the photophobic responses of the cells using photo-responsive (PR) noise oscillators. The PR noise oscillators play the role of neurons during computation and their output signals are autonomously changed both by noise generation and firing of the neuron. The <I>Euglena</I>-inspired neurocomputing achieved a high performance in searching for multiple solutions continuously and autonomously for a combinatorial optimization problem, 16-city TSP as instance. We analyzed the temporal evolution of the computation and its dependence on the parameter set of the PR noise oscillators and identified the source of the high performance as the trade-off between noise amplitude and the reduction ratio of the oscillators. We next introduced two specific survival strategies observed in the real <I>Euglena</I> cells to PR noise oscillators, and elucidated their positive effects on the performance. The <I>Euglena</I>-inspired neurocomputing examined in this study can be used to address dynamically changing optimization problems, since the computation tracks changes in the imposed conditions by autonomous and non-converged searching for the solutions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Bio-inspired neurocomputing with software noise oscillators that mimic the photophobic behaviors of microalgae cells of <I>Euglena gracilis</I>. </LI> <LI> Advanced study from <I>Euglena</I>-cell-based neurocomputing we published in Appl. Soft Comput. [K. Ozasa et al., Appl. Soft Comput., 13 (2013) 527–538]. </LI> <LI> Taking the spontaneous behaviors and the survival strategies of the real living cells into neurocomputing. </LI> <LI> Dynamic transition among best or 2nd best solutions in a 16-city TSP combinatorial optimization. </LI> <LI> Focusing on the elucidation of the origin of the relatively good performance in <I>Euglena</I>-inspired neurocomputing. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ozasa, Kazunari,Lee, Jeesoo,Song, Simon,Hara, Masahiko,Maeda, Mizuo Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Lab on a chip Vol.11 No.11
<P>We examined two-dimensional (2D) optical feedback control of phototaxis flagellate <I>Euglena</I> cells confined in closed-type microfluidic channels (microaquariums), and demonstrated that the 2D optical feedback enables the control of the density and position of <I>Euglena</I> cells in microaquariums externally, flexibly, and dynamically. Using three types of feedback algorithms, the density of <I>Euglena</I> cells in a specified area can be controlled arbitrarily and dynamically, and more than 70% of the cells can be concentrated into a specified area. Separation of photo-sensitive/insensitive <I>Euglena</I> cells was also demonstrated. Moreover, <I>Euglena</I>-based neuro-computing has been achieved, where 16 imaginary neurons were defined as <I>Euglena</I>-activity levels in 16 individual areas in microaquariums. The study proves that 2D optical feedback control of photoreactive flagellate microbes is promising for microbial biology studies as well as applications such as microbe-based particle transportation in microfluidic channels or separation of photo-sensitive/insensitive microbes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We developed and demonstrated 2D optical feedback control of the density and position of <I>Euglena</I> cells swimming in microaquariums. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0lc00719f'> </P>
Ozasa, Kazunari,Lee, Jeesoo,Song, Simon,Hara, Masahiko,Maeda, Mizuo MIT Press 2015 Artificial life Vol.21 No.2
<P>Artificial linking of two isolated culture dishes is a fascinating means of investigating interactions among multiple groups of microbes or fungi. We examined artificial interaction between two isolated dishes containing Euglena cells, which are photophobic to strong blue light. The spatial distribution of swimming Euglena cells in two micro-aquariums in the dishes was evaluated as a set of new measures: the trace momentums (TMs). The blue light patterns next irradiated onto each dish were deduced from the set of TMs using digital or analogue feedback algorithms. In the digital feedback experiment, one of two different pattern-formation rules was imposed on each feedback system. The resultant cell distribution patterns satisfied the two rules with an and operation, showing that cooperative interaction was realized in the interlink feedback. In the analogue experiment, two dishes A and B were interlinked by a feedback algorithm that illuminated dish A (B) with blue light of intensity proportional to the cell distribution in dish B (A). In this case, a distribution pattern and its reverse were autonomously formed in the two dishes. The autonomous formation of a pair of reversal patterns reflects a type of habitat separation realized by competitive interaction through the interlink feedback. According to this study, interlink feedback between two or more separate culture dishes enables artificial interactions between isolated microbial groups, and autonomous cellular distribution patterns will be achieved by correlating various microbial species, despite environmental and spatial scale incompatibilities. The optical interlink feedback is also useful for enhancing the performance of Euglena-based soft biocomputing.</P>