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Jeon, Yong Hyun,Bae, Seon-Ae,Lee, Yong Jin,La Lee, You,Lee, Sang-Woo,Yoon, Ghil-Suk,Ahn, Byeong-Cheol,Ha, Jeoung-Hee,Lee, Jaetae MIT Press 2010 MOLECULAR IMAGING Vol.9 No.6
<P>The reversal effect of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene expression by adenoviral vector-mediated MDR1 ribonucleic acid interference was assessed in a human colon cancer animal model using bioluminescent imaging with Renilla luciferase (Rluc) gene and coelenterazine, a substrate for Rluc or MDR1 gene expression. A fluorescent microscopic examination demonstrated an increased green fluorescent protein signal in Ad-shMDR1- (recombinant adenovirus that coexpressed MDR1 small hairpin ribonucleic acid [shRNA] and green fluorescent protein) infected HCT-15/Rluc cells in a virus dose-dependent manner. Concurrently, with an increasing administered virus dose (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 multiplicity of infection), Rluc activity was significantly increased in Ad-shMDR1-infected HCT-15/Rluc cells in a virus dose-dependent manner. In vivo bioluminescent imaging showed about 7.5-fold higher signal intensity in Ad-shMDR1-infected tumors than in control tumors (p < .05). Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated marked reduction of P-glycoprotein expression in infected tumor but not in control tumor. In conclusion, the reversal of MDR1 gene expression by MDR1 shRNA was successfully evaluated by bioluminescence imaging with Rluc activity using an in vivo animal model with a multidrug resistance cancer xenograft.</P>
Choi, Hongyoon,Phi, Ji Hoon,Paeng, Jin Chul,Kim, Seung-Ki,Lee, Yun-Sang,Jeong, Jae Min,Chung, June-Key,Lee, Dong Soo,Wang, Kyu-Chang MIT Press 2013 Molecular imaging Vol.12 No.4
<P>Enhanced expression of integrin αvβ3 is commonly used as a biomarker for angiogenesis, which is one of the key pathophysiologic processes in cerebral infarct. Integrin αvβ3 can be imaged with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide agents. In this study, characteristics of positron emission tomography (PET) using a 68Ga-labeled RGD were investigated in pediatric cerebral infarct. Pediatric patients with moyamoya disease underwent 68Ga-RGD PET in a research protocol for neovascularization evaluation. In these patients, 17 cerebral infarct lesions of 10 patients were included in the analysis. On 68Ga-RGD PET, the infarct lesion to contralateral brain ratio (LCR) of the infarct lesion was measured and analyzed with regard to postinfarct time interval (PTI) and perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings. An increase in 68Ga-RGD uptake was observed in cerebral infarct, particularly in recent lesions. The LCR was significantly higher in the recent than in the chronic lesions, and a significant correlation existed between the LCR and PTI. Additionally, the LCR was significantly higher in the lesions with hyperperfusion on SPECT. This study, as the first human study using an RGD agent for in vivo cerebral infarct imaging, demonstrated that 68Ga-RGD PET has a potential for molecular imaging of integrin αvβ3 expression in cerebral infarct as a biomarker of angiogenesis.</P>
Parameter learning for alpha integration.
Choi, Heeyoul,Choi, Seungjin,Choe, Yoonsuck MIT Press 2013 Neural computation Vol.25 No.6
<P>In pattern recognition, data integration is an important issue, and when properly done, it can lead to improved performance. Also, data integration can be used to help model and understand multimodal processing in the brain. Amari proposed α-integration as a principled way of blending multiple positive measures (e.g., stochastic models in the form of probability distributions), enabling an optimal integration in the sense of minimizing the α-divergence. It also encompasses existing integration methods as its special case, for example, a weighted average and an exponential mixture. The parameter α determines integration characteristics, and the weight vector w assigns the degree of importance to each measure. In most work, however, α and w are given in advance rather than learned. In this letter, we present a parameter learning algorithm for learning α and ω from data when multiple integrated target values are available. Numerical experiments on synthetic as well as real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.</P>