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Metformin protects against retinal cell death in diabetic mice
Kim, Yoon Sook,Kim, Minjun,Choi, Mee Young,Lee, Dong Hoon,Roh, Gu Seob,Kim, Hyun Joon,Kang, Sang Soo,Cho, Gyeong Jae,Kim, Seong-Jae,Yoo, Ji-Myong,Choi, Wan Sung Elsevier 2017 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.492 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Retinal degeneration is an early feature of diabetic retinopathy, the major cause of blindness in the developed world. Here we investigated how the widely used antidiabetic drug metformin reduces retinal injury in diabetic mice. Metformin was orally administered to control mice or mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Western blot analysis showed that levels of O-linked β-<I>N</I>-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and other related proteins such as carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) were significantly increased, and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were activated in the diabetic retinas or retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to high glucose compared to controls. More importantly, RPE cells exposed to high glucose and treated with thiamet-G had higher levels of those proteins, demonstrating the role of elevated O-GlcNAcylation. Double immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased co-localization of terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive ganglion cells and OGT, ChREBP, TXNIP, or NF-κB in diabetic retinas compared to control retinas. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that interaction between OGT and ChREBP or NF-κB was increased in diabetic retinas compared to control retinas, and this was accompanied by more cell death. Notably, metformin attenuated the increases in protein levels; reduced co-localization of TUNEL-positive ganglion cells and OGT, ChREBP, TXNIP, or NF-κB; and reduced interaction between OGT and ChREBP or NF-κB. Our results indicate that OGT inhibition might be one of the mechanisms by which metformin decreases retinal cell death.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Metformin decreases OGT, ChREBP, and TXNIP in the diabetic mouse retina. </LI> <LI> Metformin decreases NF-κB and PARP activation in diabetic mouse retinas. </LI> <LI> Metformin inhibits OGT interaction with ChREBP, decreasing retinal cell death. </LI> <LI> Metformin inhibits OGT interaction with NF-κB, decreasing retinal cell death. </LI> </UL> </P>
Effects of a supportive workplace environment on the success rate for smoking cessation camp
Kim Woojin,Kim A Ram,Ock Minsu,Jeon Young-Jee,Lee Heun,Kim Daehwan,Kim Minjun,Yoo Cheolin 대한직업환경의학회 2023 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Background: This study was conducted to identify the success rate for smoking cessation over time after participation in a therapeutic smoking cessation camp, and to identify how participant characteristics, including a supportive workplace environment for smoking cessation (SWESC), affect the success rate for smoking cessation. Methods: In all, 296 participants at smoking cessation camps in Ulsan between 2015 and 2020 were investigated. The success rates of smoking cessation after weeks 4, 6, 12, and 24 at camp were investigated. The participants were grouped as workers with an SWESC, and workers without an SWESC, and variables (age, education, household income, marital status, drinking, exercise, body mass index, morbidity, job, number of counseling sessions, cigarettes smoked per day and smoking initiation age) were investigated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted at each time point. In addition, Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables affecting the success rate for smoking cessation over time. Results: The smoking cessation success rate of workers with an SWESC at week 24 (90.7%) was higher than that for workers without an SWESC (60.5%). Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between each variable and the success rates for smoking cessation at week 6, 12, and 24. SWESC was confirmed as significant (p < 0.05) variables for increased success rate for smoking cessation at all 3 time points. After adjusting for all variables, the Cox proportional hazards survival analysis showed a hazard ratio of 6.17 for SWESC (p < 0.001,; 95% confidence interval: 3.08–12.38). Conclusions: At a professional treatment smoking cessation camp, participants with an SWESC showed a significantly higher success rate for smoking cessation. Supportive workplace environment for workers’ health is expected to be an important factor for smoking cessation projects as well as other health promotion projects at workplace.
Minjun KIM,Seon-Gyeong KIM,Yena SEO,Yedam CHOI,Tae-Jong KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Staphylococcus aureus causes various infections such as endocarditis and pneumonia, and the number of its infection is increasing in recent years. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are difficult to cure with conventional antibiotics alone. The use of high-dose antibiotics leads to the emergence of more resistant strains. In this study, we propose the use of antibiotics together with natural compounds that increase the effectiveness of antibiotics in order to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and reduce the amount of antibiotics used. Colony-forming units of MRSA were significantly reduced when treated together with concentrations of Ricini Semen and oxacillin that did not affect growth. Ricinoleic acid, the main compounds in Ricini Semen, has enhanced antibiotic activity of oxacillin. S. aureus can incorporate extracellular fatty acidsinto the cell membrane. To identify the relationship between the composition of membrane fatty acids and the increased antibiotic activity of oxacillin, the change in the composition of membrane fatty acids after treatment with ricinoleic acid and oxacillin will be analyzed.
The facet-dependent enhanced catalytic activity of Pd nanocrystals
Kim, Minjune,Kim, Yeonjoon,Hong, Jong Wook,Ahn, Seihwan,Kim, Woo Youn,Han, Sang Woo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Chemical communications Vol.50 No.67
<P>A systematic study of heterogeneous Buchwald–Hartwig amination using shape-controlled Pd nanocrystals with distinctly different surface facets is presented.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A systematic study of heterogeneous Buchwald–Hartwig amination using shape-controlled Pd nanocrystals with distinctly different surface facets is presented. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cc02494j'> </P>
이종접합 쇼트키 다이오드의 임피던스 특성을 이용한 가스센서에 관한 연구
김민준(Minjun Kim),김승모(Seungmo Kim),박규태(Gyoutae Park),김병덕(Byungduk Kim),박진섭(Jinsub Park) 대한전자공학회 2016 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.11
AlGaN/GaN devices have received a considerable amount of attention in relation to high-power applications due to their wide band gap properties. To achieve control of the leakage current using a cap layer addition, various surface treatment methods and results were discussed. However, the influence of different capping layers on material properties and transistor performance has not been investigated so far. We investigated the effects of various capping layers, such as n-GaN and u-GaN formed on AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes, on the performance of devices using TLM and AFM analysis. Also we studied impedance changes of schottky diodes by injecting gases with diverse concentrations.
Jin-Hyun Oh,MinJun Kim,Seung-Hwan Yun,Hyun Kyung Kim,Hyun-Na Koo,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
This study compared the development, reproduction, and DNA damage in insecticide (acequinocyl, bifenazate, and etoxazole)-resistant (AR, BR, and ER) and -susceptible (S) strains of Tetranychus urticae by electron beam irradiation. When eggs were irradiated with 150 Gy, the egg hatching was completely inhibited in all strains. When nymphs were irradiated, their emergence rate was decreased with increasing doses of electron beam irradiation. When adults were irradiated, the longevity and the number of eggs was not affected at all target dose in all strains. However, hatchability of F1 generation was perfectly inhibited at 400 Gy in all strains. The DNA damage caused by electron beam irradiation was evaluated by an alkaline comet assay. These results suggest that electron beam irradiation induced abnormal development and reproduction in S, AR, BR, and ER strains of T. urticae.
Gradient index lens based combined two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography
Wang, Taejun,Li, Qingyun,Xiao, Peng,Ahn, Jinhyo,Kim, Young Eun,Park, Youngrong,Kim, Minjun,Song, Miyeoun,Chung, Euiheon,Chung, Wan Kyun,Ahn, G-One,Kim, Sungjee,Kim, Pilhan,Myung, Seung-Jae,Kim, Ki Hea The Optical Society 2014 Optics express Vol.22 No.11